Alterations in brain network connectivity and subjective experience induced by psychedelics: a scoping review.

Intense interest surrounds current research on psychedelics, particularly regarding their potential in treating mental health disorders. Various studies suggest a link between the subjective effects produced by psychedelics and their therapeutic efficacy. Neuroimaging evidence indicates an association of changes in brain functional connectivity with the subjective effects of psychedelics. We conducted a review focusing on psychedelics and brain functional connectivity. The review focused on four psychedelic drugs: ayahuasca, psilocybin and LSD, and the entactogen MDMA. We conducted searches in databases of MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo and Scopus from inception to Jun 2023 by keywords related to functional connectivity and psychedelics. Using the PRISMA framework, we selected 24 articles from an initial pool of 492 for analysis. This scoping review and analysis investigated the effects of psychedelics on subjective experiences and brain functional connectivity in healthy individuals. The studies quantified subjective effects through psychometric scales, revealing significant experiences of altered consciousness, mood elevation, and mystical experiences induced by psychedelics. Neuroimaging results indicated alterations in the functional connectivity of psychedelics, with consistent findings across substances of decreased connectivity within the default mode network and increased sensory and thalamocortical connectivity. Correlations between these neurophysiological changes and subjective experiences were noted, suggesting a brain network basis of the psychedelics' neuropsychological impact. While the result of the review provides a potential neural mechanism of the subjective effects of psychedelics, direct clinical evidence is needed to advance their clinical outcomes. Our research serves as a foundation for further exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelics.

Validating the Stanford Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (SGVHR) in a Canadian population.

In addition to biological sex, the impact of gender on health outcomes is now well-recognized. Gender norms are changing rapidly, demanding contemporary gender assessment tools. This study sought to validate the recent US-based Stanford Gender-Related Variables for Health Research (SGVHR) scale in Canada. We also aimed to improve gender prediction by including socio-demographic information on education, income and occupations. We recruited 2445 Canadian online participants (~50% female; mean age: 49.3). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the SGVHR factor structure in our sample, indicating its generalizability beyond the USA. Regression analyses indicated that the SGVHR subscales were moderately predictive of self-reported gender. Incorporating socio-demographic factors Significantly enhanced gender prediction via the SGVHR. This study underscores the SGVHR's applicability in diverse Western populations and encourages the inclusion of easily accessible sociodemographic variables to approximate a gender metric. Future studies should test the health-relevance of such indicators along with the SGVHR.

A polystyrene-based ESIPT fluorescent polymeric probe for highly sensitive detection of chromium(vi) ions and protein staining.

A "two-step" preparation method of an excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorescent polymer (f-PP) is reported here. The synthesis of f-PP involves the acetylation of polystyrene and a "multicomponent one pot" reaction. The as-prepared polymer bears a group of ESIPT fluorescent units, enabling it to exhibit high brightness, moderate solubility and ESIPT fluorescence. F-PP gives off tautomeric bright green fluorescence under UV-tamp and the dual-emission could be specifically suppressed by Cr(vi). This phenomenon cannot be elicited by other competing species. On this basis, an ESIPT polymeric probe-based method for the determination of Cr(vi) was developed, offering high sensitivity (19.5 nM) and selectivity. The f-PP was successfully used to detect Cr(vi) in real water samples by standard adding methods, indicating its application feasibility.

A fluorescent probe based on modulation of ESIPT signaling for the highly selective detection of N2H4 and cell-imaging.

The broad occurrence of the hydrazine (N2H4) residues in aqueousenvironment is a potential threat to human health. Currently, the mainstream strategy for designing N2H4-specific probes is to functionalize a fluorophore with nucleophilic sites for the reductionreaction with N2H4. In this work, we designed and synthesized an excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (inter-ESPT) fluorescent dye(2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydro-5H-spiro[quinoline-6,2'-[1,3]dioxolane]-3-carbonitrilem, DQN) and used it as a probe to sense N2H4. DQN exhibits blue fluorescence in conventional solvents, which is assigned to its normal emission. In the presence of N2H4, the probe DQN can anchor the N2H4 molecule via hydrogen binding, enabling DQN to undergo inter-ESPT process and light up its tautomeric fluorescence. From this basis, an inter-ESPT-based method for N2H4 detection was established, offering high selectivity and sensitivity (11.5 nM). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the probe DQN can recognize the proteins in living cells, affording cell-imaging. This research provides a promising sensing strategy for monitoring N2H4 in water environments and this inter-ESPT dye is a powerful tool for cell-imaging.

Verbal Memory Performance and Depressive Symptoms in Persons with Treated HIV.

The link between memory and comorbid depression in persons with HIV (PWH) is unclear based on evidence from published cohorts. We compared verbal memory in the HVLT-R in a well-characterized HIV cohort (n = 354) with (n = 102) or without (n = 252) comorbid depressive symptoms, and examined memory correlates in both scenarios. Memory fell within unimpaired ranges, but was lower in depressed than non-depressed PWH. Memory was related to quality of life, sociodemographic, and mental health factors, but not to assessed HIV-related or antiretroviral factors. However, longitudinally (n = 52) memory declined with presence and severity of depressive symptoms. In this treated cohort, verbal memory was unrelated to HIV-related variables but to quality of life and depressive symptoms. Greater performance decline over time also related to acute or ongoing depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of addressing comorbid depressive symptoms to improve quality of life in persons with treated HIV.

Protein-activated and FRET enhanced excited-state intermolecular proton transfer fluorescent probes for high-resolution imaging of cilia and tunneling nanotubes in live cells.

Excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (inter-ESPT) fluorescent probes responsive to specific bioactive molecules should be greatly promising for protein sensing, DNA mutation simulating and cellular process regulating. However, the inter-ESPT molecules are recessive ESPT fluorophores, which need the assistance of other molecules with both hydrogen-bond accepting and donating abilities to turn on the tautomeric fluorescence. Valid design strategies to create powerful inter-ESPT fluorescent probes are poorly developed, particularly for proteins as targets. We recently reported a unique supramolecular strategy to trigger the inter-ESPT process based on the probe-protein recognition by H-bonding and to image protein-based subcellular structures in live cells. Herein, we found that our inter-ESPT probes (inter-ESPT-01) bearing a 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine scaffold can anchor proteins and light up the "invisible" ESPT state, so as to image the proteins or the protein-based subcellular organelles. More importantly, the inter-ESPT emission of inter-ESPT-01 can be significantly enhanced by the FRET process between amino and imino tautomers, endowing the inter-ESPT-01 probes with super-bright tautomeric fluorescence. The expressed proteins Ecallantide and MarTX were selected as the models to light up the inter-ESPT fluorescence of the probes and revealed that the inter-ESPT process can be triggered by the specific probe-protein recognition events. In the use of the super-bright inter-ESPT fluorescence, not only the proteins, but also the protein-based cilia and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) can be specifically visualized in living cancer cells. Furthermore, such recognition-driven strategy allows us to construct a unique inter-ESPT probe to track and image specific endogenous proteins in live cells, highlighting the potential of inter-ESPT fluorogens as novel intelligent biomaterials.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of plasma circulating circNUP98 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Our preliminary sequencing analysis revealed increased expression levels of circNUP98 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study was therefore carried out to explore the role of circNUP98 in NPC. METHODS: The present study enrolled 56 patients with NPC, 44 patients with cervical lymphadenitis (CL), 50 patients with nose bleeding (NB), 50 patients with chronic sinusitis (CS), 50 patients with lymph node tuberculosis (LNT), and 50 healthy controls (Control). Plasma samples were obtained from all patients and the controls. In addition, NPC and paired non-tumor tissue samples were collected from the 56 NPC patients. Expression of circNUP98 in both tissue and plasma samples was determined by RT-qPCR. The 56 NPC patients were followed up for 5 years to analyze the associations between plasma expression of circNUP98 and the survival of patients. The diagnostic value of circNUP98 for NPC was analyzed through ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: The plasma expression levels of circNUP98 were only increased in NPC, but not in CL, NB, CS and LNT groups compared to that in the Control group. In addition, increased expression levels of circNUP98 was observed in NPC tissues compared to that in non-tumor tissues. Plasma circNUP98 was closely correlated with circNUP98 in NPC tissues, but not circNUP98 in non-tumor tissues. With plasma circNUP98 as a biomarker, NPC patients were separated from CL, NB, CS, LNT and the Control groups. Plasma expression of circNUP98 was found to be positively correlated with the poor survival of patients. Moreover, plasma circNUP98 was only closely associated with tumor metastasis, but not tumor size. CONCLUSION: The expression of circNUP98 in plasma may be used to diagnose NPC and predict patients' survival.

Study on extraction and antibacterial activity of aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff waste biomass.

Aucubin (AU) is an active ingredient exerting strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in treating several diseases. This study evaluated the extraction of AU from Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff (EUSD) waste biomass using a series of solvents (methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol and cyclohexane) assisted with microwave and ultrasound, and proposed the optimized method for extraction. Five factors were investigated by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 46.37 mL/g, methanol percentage of 89.56%, ultrasonic (extraction) time of 59.95 min, microwave power of 306.73 W, and microwave (extraction) time of 18.93 s. To this end, the AU extraction reached the maximum value (149.1 mg/g), which was consistent with the theoretical value (149.3 mg/g). Furthermore, the kinetics of extraction process were investigated by mathematic modeling. The extraction process analysis was also explored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and COSMOtherm program. This study found out that methanol provided better extraction efficiency than the conventional solvents (water, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, cyclohexane) due to possible interactions by the formation of hydrogen bond between AU and methanol, and ultrasound and microwave could significantly enhance mass transfer, which exhibited higher extraction efficiency and lower energy consumptions (149.1 mg/g and 0.102 kW·h vs. 73.4 mg/g and 0.700 kW·h for Soxhlet extraction). In the antibacterial activity study, the AU extract exerted strong antibacterial ability against 4 tested pathogens, and the antibacterial effect followed the order of: Staphylococcus aureus (35.9 ± 1.32 mm) > Escherichia coli (30.7 ± 1.38 mm) > Bacillus subtilis (20.5 ± 1.36 mm) > Salmonella (15.9 ± 1.39 mm) with the AU concentration of 40 mg/mL. Therefore, the development of this study will help to deepen the further understanding of natural product extraction by methanol-based ultrasonic and microwave, and has certain application value for the development and utilization of natural iridoid glycosides product.

Spectral Properties Echoing the Tautomerism of Milrinone and Its Application to Fe3+ Ion Sensing and Protein Staining.

Knowledge on the spectral properties of the tautomers of milrinone (MLR) in solvents and solid-state, as well as under light conditions is of critical importance from both theoretical and practical points of view. Herein, we investigated the spectral properties of MLR in different conditions using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The experimental results demonstrated that MLR can undergo the tautomerization reaction induced by solvent polarity, light and pH, eliciting four tautomeric structures (enol, keto, anion, and cation forms). The interesting multi-functional groups in MLR enable it to coordinate with metal ions or to recognize gust molecules by H-bonding. In the use of MLR as an excited-state intermolecular proton transfer (inter-ESPT) fluorescent probe, a highly sensitive and selective analysis of Fe3+ was developed, which offered a sensitive detection of Fe3+ with the detection limit of 3.5 nM. More importantly, MLR exhibited the ability of anchoring proteins and led to the recognition-driven turn-on inter-ESPT process, highlighting the potential for the probe to image proteins in electrophoresis gels. The spectral experimental results revealed the possible degradation mechanism, so that we can better understand the side effects of oral preparations. The use of the available drug as an inter-ESPT fluorescent probe is simple and accurate, providing a good method for Fe3+ ion sensing and protein staining.

The efficacy and safety of minocycline as adjuvant therapy in refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in Chinese children: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To explore the efficacy and safety of minocycline as adjuvant therapy for refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in Chinese children. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database were systematically searched. Studies where minocycline was used as adjuvant therapy for refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in Chinese children were included. The effect of numeration data and the measurement data were represented by odds ratios (OR) and weighted mean differences (MD), respectively. Review Manager version 5.3 was used to compare the treatment efficacy, time for the cough to subside, defervescence time, hospitalisation time, adverse events and other indicators. RESULTS: Ten studies involving 857 patients were included in the final analysis. Compared with the conventional treatment of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children, the addition of minocycline as adjuvant therapy was found to improve the treatment efficacy (OR: 5.45; 95% CI: 3.46, 8.57, p < 0.001); shorten the duration of cough (MD: -3.61; 95%CI: -4.25, -2.97, p < 0.001), fever time (MD: -4.77; 95% CI: -6.30, -3.23, p < 0.001) and hospitalisation time (MD: -5.53 (95% CI: -7.19, -3.88, p < 0.001); and decrease the concentration of C-reactive protein (MD: -13.95; 95%CI: -18.61, -9.29; p < 0.001) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (MD: -10.88; 95% CI: -14.05, -7.72, p < 0.001). The use of minocycline did not lead to significant adverse events (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.01, p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of minocycline as adjuvant treatment of refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in Chinese children has good efficacy and safety and may be promoted in clinical practice.

WNT1 expression influences the development of dysplasia of the hip via regulating RBPMS2/NOG-BMP2/4-GDF5- WISP2 pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of WNT family member 1 (WNT1) in the development of dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and the molecular mechanism involved in this process. Methods: Si-WNT1, pcDNA3.1-WNT1 or corresponding negative controls were transfected into human osteoblast hFOB1.19 and human chondrocyte C28/I2, respectively. The proliferation of cells was measured by EdU assay. The relative expressions of human noggin gene (NOG), growth differentiating factor 5 (GDF5), WNT1, and WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 2 (WISP2) were determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The protein expressions of RNA-binding protein of multiple splice forms 2 (RBPMS2), NOG, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), BMP4, WNT1 and WISP2 were determined by western blot. Animal experiment was also performed and the morphological development of hip joint was observed. Results: Overexpression of WNT1 promoted osteoblast proliferation and inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, while knockdown of WNT1 inhibited osteoblast proliferation. In chondrocytes, knockdown of WNT1 upregulated NOG expression, while overexpression of WNT1 downregulated its expression. In osteoblasts and chondrocytes, overexpression of WNT1 increased BMP2, BMP4, WNT1, and WISP2 expression. RBPMS2 and NOG were slightly expressed in each group. Conclusion: Overexpression of WNT1 promoted osteoblast proliferation, inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, and increased the expressions of BMP2, BMP4, WNT1, and WISP2. Therefore, WNT1 may be a new therapeutic target for DDH.

Visualizing Ultrafast Defect-Controlled Interlayer Electron-Phonon Coupling in Van der Waals Heterostructures.

Engineering ultrafast interlayer coupling provides access to new quantum phenomena and novel device functionalities in atomically thin van der Waals heterostructures. However, due to all the atoms of a monolayer material being exposed at the interfaces, the interlayer coupling is extremely susceptible to defects, resulting in high energy dissipation through heat and low device performance. The study of how defects affect the interlayer coupling at ultrafast and atomic scales remains a challenge. Here, using femtosecond transient absorption microscopy, a new defect-induced ultrafast interlayer electron-phonon coupling pathway is identified in a WS2 /graphene heterostructure, involving a three-body collision between electrons in WS2 and both acoustic phonons and defects in graphene. This interaction manifests as the reduced defect-related Raman resonant activity and the accelerated electron-phonon scattering time from 7.1 to 2.4 ps. Furthermore, the ultrafast interlayer coupling process is directly imaged. These insights will advance the fundamental knowledge of heat dissipation in nanoscale devices, and enable new ways to dynamically manipulate electrons and phonons via defects in van der Waals heterostructures.

Twist-angle-controlled neutral exciton annihilation in WS2 homostructures.

Exciton-exciton annihilation (EEA), as typical nonradiative recombination, plays an unpopular role in semiconductors. The nonradiative process significantly reduces the quantum yield of photoluminescence, which substantially inhibits the maximum efficiency of optoelectronic devices. Recently, laser irradiation, introducing defects and applying strain have become effective means to restrain EEA in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, these methods destroy the atomic structure of 2D materials and limit their practical applications. Fortunately, twisted structures are expected to validly suppress EEA through excellent interface quality. Here, we develop a non-destructive way to control EEA in WS2 homostructures by changing the interlayer twist angle, and systematically study the effect of interlayer twist angle on EEA, using fluorescence lifetime imaging measurement (FLIM) technology. Due to the large moiré potential at a small interlayer twist angle, the diffusion of excitons is hindered, and the EEA rate decreases from 1.01 × 10-1 cm2 s-1 in a 9° twisted WS2 homostructure to 4.26 × 10-2 cm2 s-1 in a 1° twisted WS2 homostructure. The results reveal the important role of the interlayer twist angle and EEA interaction in high photoluminescence quantum yield optoelectronic devices based on TMDC homostructures.

A new opportunity for the emerging tellurium semiconductor: making resistive switching devices.

The development of the resistive switching cross-point array as the next-generation platform for high-density storage, in-memory computing and neuromorphic computing heavily relies on the improvement of the two component devices, volatile selector and nonvolatile memory, which have distinct operating current requirements. The perennial current-volatility dilemma that has been widely faced in various device implementations remains a major bottleneck. Here, we show that the device based on electrochemically active, low-thermal conductivity and low-melting temperature semiconducting tellurium filament can solve this dilemma, being able to function as either selector or memory in respective desired current ranges. Furthermore, we demonstrate one-selector-one-resistor behavior in a tandem of two identical Te-based devices, indicating the potential of Te-based device as a universal array building block. These nonconventional phenomena can be understood from a combination of unique electrical-thermal properties in Te. Preliminary device optimization efforts also indicate large and unique design space for Te-based resistive switching devices.

Fluid Homeostasis May Predict the Prognosis of Non-infectious Fever After Total Knee Arthroplasty Within 7-Day: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: In the perioperative management of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), postoperative fever has always been a concern. Current research focuses on infectious fever, and there is no relevant research on the occurrence of non-infectious fever (NIF) and its risk factors. Hence, the aim of this study was to clarify the risk factors for NIF after TKA, and construct an easy-to-use nomogram. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were divided into the non-infectious fever group and the control group. Clinicopathological characters were collected from electronic medical records. Univariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related independent risk factors. The optimal threshold for each selected factor and combined index was determined when the Youden index achieved the highest value. And the predictive nomogram was developed by these independent factors. Results: Ultimately, 146 patients were included in this study. Of them, 57 (39.04%) patients experienced NIF. Results of the univariable logistic regression analysis indicated that intraoperative blood loss (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.000-1.0004), postoperative drainage fluid volume (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001-1.006) and frequency of blood transfusion (n = 1; OR, 0.227; 95% CI, 0.068-0.757) were independent risk factors of NIF occurrence. The predictive nomogram that incorporated the above independent risk factors was developed, and it yielded an areas under the curves (AUC) of 0.731 (95% CI: 0.651-0.801; P < 0.0001) with 54.39% sensitivity and 82.02% specificity. Conclusions: Non-infectious fever after TKA prolongs the time of antibiotic use and hospital stay. Our results demonstrated that the nomogram may facilitate to predict the individualized risk of NIF occurrence within 7-day by intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage fluid volume and frequency of blood transfusion.

Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease.

BACKGROUND: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) has been proposed as an early manifestation of dementia. The Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) may help identify MBI in prodromal and preclinical dementia. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of MBI-C in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore the structure of the five factors of the MBI-C in Chinese culture. METHODS: Sixty dyads of MCI and mild AD (MCI, n = 33; mild AD, n = 35) were recruited. The informants completed the MBI-C and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and were interviewed for clinician rating of the NPI. The Cronbach's coefficient was used to measure the structural reliability of the MBI-C. The criterion-validity was evaluated with the correlation coefficient between the MBI-C and the total scores of NPI-Q and NPI. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the structure of the MBI-C. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.895. The MBI-C total score was positively correlated with all five domains (r = 0.577∼0.840). The total score of MBI-C was significantly correlated with the total scores of NPI-Q (r = 0.714) and NPI (r = 0.749). Similarly, the five domain scores of MBI-C were significantly correlated with the factor and total scores of NPI-Q (r = 0.312∼0.673) and NPI (r = 0.389∼0.673). The components of each factor in Chinese version of MBI-C were slightly different from those of the a priori defined domains (χ2 = 1818.202, df = 496, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Chinese version of MBI-C has good reliability and validity, and can be used to evaluate the psychological and behavioral changes in MCI and mild AD.

Monteggia equivalent lesion in children: a narrative review.

Background: Monteggia equivalent lesion represents a group of injury or combined injury patterns that resemble the Monteggia lesion in its presentations and mechanisms. Unlike Monteggia lesions, the equivalent ones, which share vague definitions and mostly occur as sporadic single case reports in the literature, have not been thoroughly reviewed since Bado first proposed the term, especially in the pediatric population. The objective of this review was to elucidate the definition by elaborating on its clinical styles and thus analyzing the mechanism, diagnosis, and management through related literature. Data sources: Based on the terms of 'Monteggia equivalent', 'radial neck fracture' and 'pediatric', all of the related literature was searched on the PubMed and Google Scholar search engine. Results: The advance of the definitions for pediatric Monteggia equivalent lesion (PMEL) was reviewed. The functional roles of the ulnar and the related mechanism theories in this injury were analyzed. The status of the radiocapitellar joint in this injury was emphasized. According to the previous statements, a new classification model was proposed and proper diagnosis and treatment approaches were suggested. Conclusions: PMEL should be defined as an ulnar fracture at any level combined with a proximal radial fracture. According to the status of the radiocapitellar joint, it could be divided into three groups. The occult ulnar bowing and delayed radial head dislocation should be a serious concern of orthopedists. Surgical need is usually warranted. Maintaining the ulnar length and securing the radiocapitellar joint are highly recommended.

Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1-Like 3 Enhances Cisplatin Resistance of Ovarian Cancer Cell by Activating Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Pathway.

Chemotherapy resistance is one of the main reasons for tumor-related death. In particular, ovarian cancer patients often acquire drug resistance after chemotherapy. In this study, we found that the histone chaperone, nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 3 (NAP1L3), was significantly upregulated in tissues with cisplatin resistance compared with cisplatin-sensitive tissues. Patients with high NAP1L3 levels had poor prognosis, suggesting that NAP1L3 might regulate ovarian cancer resistance. Colony formation and terminal deoxynulceotidyl transferase nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assays showed cells with high NAP1L3 had high cisplatin resistance, whereas cells with low NAP1L3 had poor cisplatin resistance. NAP1L3 overexpression significantly increased cisplatin resistance, whereas NAP1L3 knockdown significantly reduced cisplatin resistance, suggesting that NAP1L3 promoted cisplatin resistance. Mechanistically, gene set enrichment analysis and luciferase reporter assays showed that NAP1L3 regulated the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) pathway. NAP1L3 overexpression increased the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) and SMAD3, confirming that NAP1L3 activated the TGF-ß pathway. Therefore, NAP1L3 might represent a novel target to overcome ovarian cancer chemoresistance.

Radial neck fracture or Monteggia equivalent lesion: delayed radial head subluxation in an adolescent and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Monteggia equivalent lesion represents a series of combined elbow and forearm injuries that resemble typical Monteggia fracture either in presentation or mechanism. The term has gradually evolved since its introduction, as sporadic case reports continued to complement it. The aim of this study was to present a furthermore type of that lesion which no previous study had reported and arouse pediatric orthopedists' additional awareness of it. CASE PRESENTATION: A 11-year-old girl, whose injury pattern initially appeared to be a mild radial neck fracture with undisplaced proximal ulnar fracture, and without radial head dislocation, was treated with closed reduction and long-arm splint immobilization. Acceptable results were acquired at first-week follow-up, yet dramatic changes turned up 2 weeks later when the dislocated radial head was found. A further reduction to the fracture and joint site only resulted in a subluxated and incongruous radiocapitellar joint on the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Then a definitive operation was performed, which involved a Boyd incision, correction of radial head tilting, opening wedge osteotomy of the proximal ulna and proper fixation respectively. And acceptable results were achieved 1 year later. CONCLUSIONS: This case, with occult proximal ulna fracture, angulated radial neck fracture, subsequent radiocapitellar dislocation, and articular incongruity, was deemed as a rare Monteggia type-one equivalent fracture-dislocation variant rather than an ordinary radial neck fracture and it facilitates further understanding and management of the Monteggia fracture.

Characteristics of Cognitive Deficit in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment With Subthreshold Depression.

It is widely recognized that depression may precipitate the incidence of dementia in the elderly individuals and individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) in particular. However, the association between subthreshold depression (SD) and cognitive deficits in patients with aMCI remains unclear. To address this, we collected demographic information and conducted a battery of neuropsychological cognitive assessments in 33 aMCI participants with SD (aMCI/SD+), 33 nondepressed aMCI participants (aMCI/SD-), and 53 normal controls (NC). Both aMCI groups showed significantly poorer performance in most cognitive domains relative to the NC group (ie, memory, language, processing speed, and executive function). Notably, the aMCI/SD+ group showed significantly poorer attention/working memory compared with the aMCI/SD- group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant negative association between the severity of depressive symptoms and attention/working memory capacity (ß = - .024, P = .024), accounting for 8.28% of the variations in this cognitive domain. All statistical analyses were adjusted by age, sex, and years of education. A logistic regression model had an accuracy of 72.4% in discriminating between the aMCI/SD+ and aMCI/SD- groups based on individual cognitive profiles over 6 domains. Our findings indicate that patients with aMCI with and without SD have distinct patterns of cognitive impairment. This finding may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of SD in patients with aMCI.