Association of alcohol consumption with hypertension or prehypertension in Chinese adolescent: A cohort study of the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

This study was conducted to investigate the association between alcohol consumption in adolescence and the risk of hypertension or prehypertension development in early adulthood. This cohort study included adolescent participants aged 12-18 years from the 2000-2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Cox proportional risk regression models were used to analyze the associations of the frequency of alcohol consumption, alcohol intake, and type of alcohol with the risk of developing hypertension or prehypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess the dose-response relationships for alcohol intake and their hazard ratios (HRs). A total of 1556 participants were included in the final analysis. Among the overall population, 448 (30.81%) and 35 (34.31%) participants developed hypertension or prehypertension, respectively. Compared with no alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption ≥ 2 times/week and consumption of ≥2 types of alcohol were associated with an increased risk of hypertension and prehypertension, with HRs of 1.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-3.34; p = 0.011) and 1.77 (95% CI 1.01-3.09; p = 0.046), respectively. Alcohol intake of > 96 mL/week was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and prehypertension, with HRs of 2.09 (95% CI 1.12-3.90; p = 0.020) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.11-3.84; p = 0.021), respectively. The restricted cubic spline analysis showed that the risk of developing high blood pressure or prehypertension tends to increase with increasing alcohol consumption. Heavy alcohol consumption in adolescence increased the risk of developing hypertension and prehypertension in early adulthood.

A longitudinal study on the impact of the TyG Index and TG/HDL-C ratio on the risk of type 2 diabetes in Chinese patients with prediabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the impact and predictive value of the Triglyceride Glucose Index (TyG) and the ratio of Triglycerides to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) in identifying the risk of diabetes progression in Chinese individuals with prediabetes. METHODS: This longitudinal study enrolled 15,012 prediabetic adults from the Rich Healthcare Group between 2010 and 2016. Diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes or a fasting glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L. The Cox proportional hazards models was utilized to assess the relationship between the two indices and the risk of developing diabetes. The predictive efficacy of the two markers was gauged by the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Over a median follow-up period of 2.87 years, 1,730 (11.5%) prediabetic participants developed diabetes. The adjusted hazard ratios for the top quartile of the TyG index and the TG/HDL-C ratio were 2.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.71-2.40) and 2.59 (95% CI: 2.20-3.05), respectively, compared to the lowest quartile. A significant trend of increasing diabetes risk with higher quartiles of both indices was observed. The AUC for the adjusted prediction model for prediabetes-to-diabetes transition was 0.726 for the TyG index and 0.710 for the TG/HDL-C ratio. The difference in AUCs was statistically significant (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The baseline TyG index or TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes in prediabetic individuals. The TyG index demonstrated superior predictive accuracy, underscoring its importance in preventing diabetes in prediabetic individuals.

Effects of patient-based self-assessed fatigue intervention on early postoperative ambulation following gynaecological oncology surgery: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of a patient-based self-assessed fatigue intervention aimed at promoting early postoperative ambulation. DESIGN: Prospective randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Single-centre, conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Xiangyang Central Hospital, China. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible were adult patients undergoing elective gynaecologic oncologic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: The intervention group utilised a modified Borg Rating of Perceived Experience (RPE) scale for self-assessment of fatigue levels. The control group followed fixed-activity distance guidelines postoperatively. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the self-reported the time to first flatus postoperatively. Secondary outcomes encompassed the time to first defecation, incidence of moderate-to-severe abdominal distention, ileus, postambulation adverse events (nausea, vomiting and dizziness), patient satisfaction with early ambulation instructions, compliance with early ambulation and average hospital costs and length of stay. RESULTS: Between June 2021 and October 2022, 552 patients were enrolled. The self-assessed fatigue intervention group demonstrated non-inferior the time to first flatus compared with the fixed-activity distance assessment group (25.59±14.59 hours vs 26.10±14.19 hours, pnon-inferiority<0.001). Compliance with activity was higher in the intervention group (49.40% vs 36.02%, p<0.001), although it did not reach 50%. The intervention group also exhibited significantly higher mean hospital costs, length of stay and incidence of moderate-to-severe abdominal distention (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The self-assessed fatigue intervention for early postoperative ambulation in gynaecologic oncology patients shows promise as an effective strategy; however, compliance is suboptimal. An intervention based on mandatory, yet reasonable, fixed-activity distance may represent the most viable current approach. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTR2100046035.

Partial hypopituitarism with ACTH deficiency as the main manifestation as a complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Hypopituitarism is a relatively rare complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. However, almost all available reported cases were total anterior pituitary hypofunction, isolated growth-hormone deficiency, or isolated gonadotropin deficiency. Here, we firstly describe a patient with partial hypopituitarism with ACTH deficiency as the main manifestation as a complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Systematic Review of Heel Puncture-Related Osteomyelitis of the Calcaneus in Newborn Infants.

INTRODUCTION: Heel puncture (HP) in neonates can result in osteomyelitis if done non-aseptically or with incorrect technique. This study summarizes clinical experience with heel puncture-related osteomyelitis of the calcaneus (HP-CO) in newborns. METHODS: We systematically reviewed studies that examined HP-CO in newborn patients using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Our search included the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until December 31, 2023. We used the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale to evaluate the quality of our analyzed studies. RESULTS: This study analyzed 15 neonatal calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) cases due to HP conducted in six countries from 1976 to 2016. The average age of the cases was 8.87 ± 6.13 days, with an average birth weight of 2367.27 ± 947.59 g. The infants had undergone an average of 9.00 ± 8.90 HP, with 93.33% exhibiting swelling. Staphylococcus aureus was present in 80% of cases. Beta-lactam antibiotics were used, with satisfactory outcomes in 53.33% of cases. However, in seven cases, three patients had flatfoot due to calcaneal deformity, and other complications were observed in some patients after 7-8 years. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers valuable insights into a rare condition, including its epidemiology, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and treatment options for infants with HP-CO. To prevent the risk of osteomyelitis in this vulnerable group of patients, increasing awareness and maintaining strict aseptic techniques is necessary. We recommend that infants presenting with tenderness, redness, purulent discharge, erythema, or fever and with a history of repeated HP and swollen ankles should be evaluated for suspicion of osteomyelitis. A graphical abstract is avilable for this article.

Associations between handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in people with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study of the UK Biobank.

AIMS: To explore the associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the UK Biobank. Baseline survey was conducted between 2006 and 2010, and followed up for a median of 12.52 years. HGS was measured using dynamometer, and SMM was measured using bioelectrical impedance method. Mortality was available via links to the National Health Service Information Centre. Sex-specific analyses were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 13 392 T2DM participants were included, with a mean age of 60.39 years and 52.35% men. During the follow-up, there were 3006 (22.45%) deaths, including 746 (5.57%) CVD deaths. The risk for all-cause mortality and CVD mortality among both men and women increased progressively with decreasing HGS quartiles (p trend <.05). A 1 SD decrease in HGS was found to both increase the all-cause risk (HR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.24-1.38]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.35 [95% CI: 1.22-1.50]) for men, and all-cause risk (HR: 1.26 [95% CI: 1.11-1.42]) and CVD mortality risk (HR: 1.43 [95% CI: 1.09-1.89]) for women. There was no statistically significant trend association between SMM/height2 and mortality risk, and the restricted cubic regression splines indicated that SMM/height2 showed a U-shaped nonlinear relationship (pnonlinear <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Grip strength displayed a linear downward trend with mortality risk among T2DM patients, whereas muscle mass showed a U-shaped relationship. Low grip strength seemed to be a better predictor for mortality compared to low muscle mass.

Effects of the Timing of Intense Physical Activity on Hypertension Risk in a General Population: A UK-Biobank Study.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: It has recently been suggested that the timing of exercise is important in the subsequent development of hypertension. We used the UK Biobank database which prospectively collates data in over 500,000 people aged between 40 and 69 years to determine the relationship between the chronoactivity pattern of exercise and the risk of incident hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS: We analyzed data from 70,617 participants with 7-day Axivity AX3 triaxial accelerometry information available. Comparisons were made by a K-means clustering analysis separating groups according to the daily timing of physical activity and intensity. Subgroup, sensitivity analyses, and Cox proportional hazard model were performed. The mean age of the cohort was 61.17 (± 7.89) years with 40.05% men, and there was a mean follow-up of 7.54 (± 1.65) years. Participants were separated into 4 clusters with 6341 developing hypertension. Cluster 1 (early morning physical activity) and Cluster 2 (early morning and later physical activity) had a significantly reduced risk of incident hypertension (adjusted HR 0.870 [95%CI 0.812-0.932) vs. 0.895 [95%CI 0.825-0.972], respectively) when compared with Cluster 3 (physical activity intensity spread evenly throughout the day). Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 cases with High Intensity physical activity had a lower risk of hypertension; however, Low Intensity physical activity in Cluster 1 still reduced the risk of incident hypertension. There was a lower risk of hypertension in Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 in both morning and evening sleep chronotypes. The development of incident hypertension is significantly reduced in those who engage in some level of physical activity earlier in the day. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a global problem with a high economic health burden that has been shown to be a major risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular, and kidney disease. Our study has used a large maintained UK biological database to determine the impact of physical exercise on reducing the subsequent development of hypertension during follow-up from data provided by more than 70,000 participants. When we segregated patients into clusters of exercise timing, we found that the risk of developing hypertension over time was reduced for patients who performed exercise earlier in the morning than at other times of the day. This benefit was still evident even when the intensity of regular physical activity was low.

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of 15 mg and 30 mg initial daily prednisolone doses in patients with subacute thyroiditis: a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Current guidelines recommendations for the initial dose of prednisolone (PSL) in the treatment of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) are based on low-quality studies. We designed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare the efficacy and safety of using a low initial dose of PSL with a standard initial dose of PSL in SAT patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This open-label RCT was conducted at five hospitals in China from June 2019 to January 2022. SAT patients with moderate-to-severe pain or a poor response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the experimental and control groups. The initial dose of PSL was 15 mg/d in the experimental group and 30 mg/d in the control group. The primary outcome was the total duration of PSL treatment, with non-inferiority prespecified with a margin of 7 days. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1900023884. RESULTS: The full analysis set included 60 patients (30 in each group). The mean duration of PSL treatment in the experimental and control group was 34.62 ± 14.12 and 41.18 ± 16.89 days, respectively, meeting the non-inferiority criterion (pnon-inferiority = 0.0006). The total dose of PSL used in the experimental group was lower than in the control groups (330 vs 595 mg, p < 0.0001). There were no differences in the mean time to pain relief and complete resolution, the occurrence of recurrence, hypothyroidism, or adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The initial dose of 15 mg/d of PSL was not inferior to the dose of 30 mg/d in terms of efficacy and showed a similar safety profile. A low initial dose of PSL could be recommended for Chinese adult SAT patients who have a suboptimal response using NSAIDs or experience moderate-to-severe pain.KEY MESSAGESLow initial dose (15 mg/d) of prednisolone was non-inferior to the standard initial dose of prednisolone (30 mg/d) in treatment duration, time to pain relief, or the prevalence of hypothyroidism, recurrence, and adverse reactions in the treatment of subacute thyroiditis.Patients with subacute thyroiditis administered a low initial dose of prednisolone had a lower total dose of prednisolone compared to those receiving the standard dose of prednisolone.

Mood instability and low back pain: a mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Low back pain is a prevalent and debilitating condition worldwide, with significant implications for individuals' quality of life and productivity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain, using a rigorously designed mendelian randomization methodology. Method: The study incorporated both univariate and multivariate mendelian randomization to analysis the causal relationship between mood instability and the risk of developing chronic low back pain. The data on mood instability from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) opened Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) project (IEU-opened GWAS project). Data on low back pain were collected from two sources: One source is the IEU open GWAS project (discovery data). Another source is a GWAS meta-analysis (replication data). Inverse variance weighted method, weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, and mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier method were used for mendelian randomization analysis. Result: The univariable mendelian randomization analysis shows a statistically significant correlation between mood instability and the risk of low back pain. Several methods were performed, including inverse variance weighting (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.000; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000), MR-Egger (discovery data: odds ratio = 7.178, 95% confidence interval = 0.057-909.525, p = 0.429; replication data: odds ratio = 2.262, 95% confidence interval = 0.580-8.825, p = 0.246), weighted median (discovery data: odds ratio = 2.730, 95% confidence interval = 1.112-6.702, p = 0.028; replication data: odds ratio = 3.243, 95% confidence interval = 2.378-4.422, p = 0.000), MR-PRESSO (discovery data: odds ratio = 3.544, 95% confidence interval = 1.785-7.039, p = 0.001; replication data: odds ratio = 3.167, 95% confidence interval = 2.476-4.052, p = 0.000) methods. The results were consistent across these methods. The results obtained from discovery data are consistent with those obtained from discovery data. In the multivariable mendelian randomization, after adjusting for various covariates such as body mass index, current tobacco smoking, alcohol intake frequency, Total body bone mineral density, and vigorous physical activity, there is a consistent correlation between mood instability and chronic low back pain. Conclusion: This study provides robust evidence supporting a causal relationship between mood instability and the development of low back pain. Our findings suggest that addressing mood instability may play a crucial role in prevention and management strategies for individuals experiencing low back pain.

Daily higher tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes: A cohort study and updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Tea is abundant in phytochemicals (such as polyphenols and theaflavins), which have a hypoglycemic effect. Previous studies investigating the relationship between tea consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have yielded inconsistent results. We hypothesized that tea consumption would be associated with a reduced risk of T2DM. This cohort study used data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, involving a total of 5199 participants initially recruited in 1997 and subsequently followed until 2009. Consumption of any variety of tea was tracked using structured questionnaires, and T2DM was diagnosed according to the American Diabetes Association's criteria. We also performed a systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE for publications through September 2021, including 19 cohort studies comprising 1,076,311 participants. In our cohort study, the logistic regression model showed a relative risk (RR) of T2DM among tea drinkers of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.28) compared with non-tea drinkers. Although our updated meta-analysis showed no significant association between tea consumption and T2DM on the whole (pooled RR of 0.96 [0.91-1.00]), compared with the non-tea-drinking group, participants consuming 4 or more cups of tea per day had a 17% reduced risk of T2DM, with an RR of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76-0.90). These data support our hypothesis that tea consumption at higher doses (e.g., ≥4 cups/day) is associated with a reduced risk of T2DM.

Utility of right adrenal signature veins in venous sampling for primary aldosteronism.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify the appropriate signature veins for the right adrenal gland using a 3D model fused with adrenal venography images and to verify their accuracy through the selectivity index (SI) >2. METHODS: We analyzed the right adrenal venography images of 41 patients who underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS). These images were merged with a 3D structure of the adrenal gland to identify the signature veins of the right adrenal gland. We then used the signature veins observed during adrenal venography to determine the optimal position of the catheter tip during AVS for 53 other patients. Finally, we verified the accuracy of this method according to the SI. RESULTS: We successfully fused the 3D models of 41 cases with adrenal venography images. We identified the trunk branch type as the major venous morphology in the right anterior oblique at degrees of 30 (38 cases, 92.7%). In addition, the central vein, brush vein, uvula vein, and capsular vein were identified as signature veins for the right AVS. The accuracy of AVS was 100% in the other 53 patients, as verified by an SI >2. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified the right adrenal signature veins, including the previously overlooked uvula vein, which can be used to determine the position of the catheter tip and improve the success rate of AVS.

The majority of the venography types observed in patients in the right anterior oblique at 30 degrees during adrenal venography were trunk branch types, while irregular or hollow triangle types were infrequent.The signature veins identified during right adrenal venous sampling were the central vein, brush vein, uvula vein, and capsular vein.The right adrenal signature veins, particularly the uvula vein, which has not been given much attention in the past, can serve as a reference to verify the position of the catheter tip and enhance the success rate of adrenal venous sampling.

Efficacy and safety of a fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at greater risk of serious illness and death than the general population. To date, the efficacy and safety of the fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in KTRs have not been systematically discussed. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included articles from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Med Online published before May 15, 2022. Studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of a fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients were selected. RESULTS: Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 727 KTRs. The overall pooled seropositivity rate after the fourth COVID-19 vaccine was 60% (95% CI, 49%-71%, I2 = 87.83%, p > 0.01). The pooled proportion of KTRs seronegative after the third dose that transitioned to seropositivity after the fourth dose was 30% (95% CI, 15%-48%, I2 = 94.98%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The fourth dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was well tolerated in KTRs with no serious adverse effects. Some KTRs showed a reduced response even after receiving the fourth vaccine dose. Overall, the fourth vaccine dose effectively improved seropositivity in KTRs, as recommended by the World Health Organization for the general population.

Predictive ability of traditional and novel anthropometric measurement indices for cardio-metabolic diseases in Chinese adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardio-metabolic diseases has been shown to be strongly associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of traditional and novel anthropometric measurement indices for cardio-metabolic diseases risk and evaluate whether new indicators can provide important information in addition to traditional indicators. METHODS AND RESULTS: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data were obtained for this study. Baseline information for healthy participants was gathered from 1997 to 2004. The incidence of cardio-metabolic diseases was collected from 2009 to 2015 for cohort analysis. The predictive ability of each index for the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases was evaluated with time-dependent ROC analysis. Body mass index (BMI) showed the greatest predictive ability for cardio-metabolic disease incidence among all traditional and novel indices (Harrell's C statistic (95% CI): 0.7386 (0.7266-0.7507) for hypertension, 0.7496 (0.7285-0.7706) for diabetes, 0.7895 (0.7593-0.8196) for stroke and 0.7581 (0.7193-0.7969) for myocardial infarction). The addition of novel indices separately into the BMI model did not improve the predictive ability. Novel anthropometric measurement indices such as a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), had a certain prediction ability for adults with BMI <24 kg/m2 compared to those with BMI ≥24 kg/m2. CONCLUSION: No strong evidence supports novel anthropometric measurement indices were better than BMI in the prediction of cardio-metabolic diseases incidence among Chinese adults. Novel anthropometric measurement indices, mainly for abdominal obesity, may have a high predictive effect for adults with BMI <24 kg/m2.

A new machine learning-based prediction model for subtype diagnosis in primary aldosteronism.

Introduction: Unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) and bilateral primary aldosteronism (BPA) are the two subtypes of PA. Discriminating UPA from BPA is of great significance. Although adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for diagnosis, it has shortcomings. Thus, improved methods are needed. Methods: The original data were extracted from the public database "Dryad". Ten parameters were included to develop prediction models for PA subtype diagnosis using machine learning technology. Moreover, the optimal model was chose and validated in an external dataset. Results: In the modeling dataset, 165 patients (71 UPA, 94 BPA) were included, while in the external dataset, 43 consecutive patients (20 UPA, 23 BPA) were included. The ten parameters utilized in the prediction model include age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR), serum potassium, ARR after 50 mg captopril challenge test (CCT), primary aldosterone concentration (PAC) after saline infusion test (SIT), PAC reduction rate after SIT, and number of types of antihypertensive agents at diagnosis. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F1 score, and AUC for the optimal model using the random forest classifier were 90.0%, 81.8%, 96.4%, 0.878, and 0.938, respectively, in the testing dataset and 81.4%, 90.0%, 73.9%, 0.818 and 0.887, respectively, in the validating external dataset. The most important variables contributing to the prediction model were PAC after SIT, ARR, and ARR after CCT. Discussion: We developed a machine learning-based predictive model for PA subtype diagnosis based on ten clinical parameters without CT imaging. In the future, artificial intelligence-based prediction models might become a robust prediction tool for PA subtype diagnosis, thereby, might reducing at least some of the requests for CT or AVS and assisting clinical decision-making.

The Association Between Plant-Based Diet Indices and Obesity and Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses From the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: A wide range of health benefits are associated with consuming a diet high in plant-based foods. Diet quality can be accurately assessed using plant-based diet indices, however there is inadequate evidence that plant-based diet indices are linked to obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in Chinese cultures who have traditionally consumed plant-rich foods. Methods: The data came from the China Nutrition and Health Survey. Overall, 11,580 adult participants were enrolled between 2004 and 2006 and followed up until 2009 or 2015 (follow-up rate: 73.4%). Dietary intake was assessed across three 24-h recalls, and two plant-based dietary indices [overall plant-based diet indice (PDI) and healthy plant-based diet indice (hPDI)] were calculated using China Food Composition Code and categorized into quintiles. The study's endpoints were overweight/obesity, hypertension, and T2D. The Hazard ratio (HR) and dose-response relationship were assessed using the Cox proportional risk model and restricted cubic splines. The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the PDI and hPDI. Results: During the median follow-up period of more than 10 years, 1,270 (33.4%), 1,509 (31.6%), and 720 (11.5%) participants developed overweight / obesity, hypertension, and T2D, respectively. The higher PDI score was linked with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity [HR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.55-0.93), P-trend <0.001], hypertension [HR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.51-0.79), P-trend <0.001], and T2D [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.87), P-trend <0.001]. The hPDI score was inversely associated with overweight/obesity [HR: 0.79 (95% CI: 0.62-0.98), P-trend = 0.02] and T2D [HR: 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75-0.93), P-trend = 0.001]. In the aged <55-year-old group, subgroup analysis indicated a significant negative association between PDI/hPDI and overweight/obesity, hypertension, and T2D. There was no significant difference in the areas under the curve of the fully adjusted obesity, hypertension, and diabetes prediction models between PDI and hPDI. Conclusion: The PDI and hPDI scores were very similar in application in Chinese populations, and our findings highlight that adherence to overall plant-based diet index helps to reduce the risk of T2D, obesity, and hypertension in Chinese adults who habitually consume plant-based foods, especially for those aged <55 year. Further understanding of how plant-based diet quality is associated with chronic disease will be needed in the future, which will help develop dietary strategies to prevent diabetes, hypertension, and related chronic diseases.

Associations between Consumption of Dietary Fibers and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Mortality in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Although many studies have explored the relationship between total dietary fiber intake and the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, the results are mixed. There is also a lack of research on the association between dietary fiber intake from different food sources and disease. Using data from the China Nutrition and Health Database from 2004 to 2015, Cox proportional risk models were used to explore the associations between total dietary fiber and fiber intake from different food sources and the occurrence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. After multi-factorial adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of total dietary fiber intake (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1) in type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality cohorts were 1.20 (0.93, 1.55), 0.91 (0.75, 1.12), 0.93 (0.64, 1.35), 1.13 (0.60, 2.12), 1.13 (0.60, 2.12), and 1.13 (0.84, 1.52). Whole-grain fiber intake was positively associated with hypertension but not with the occurrence of other diseases. No association was observed between legume fibers, fruit fibers, and vegetable fibers in the cohorts of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality. Our study did not find any association between total dietary fiber and dietary fiber intake from different food sources and type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality in the Chinese population. The role of dietary fiber in the Chinese population may be overestimated. More extraordinary efforts are needed to further confirm the association between dietary fiber and these diseases in the Chinese population.

Dietary recommendations for fasting days in an alternate-day intermittent fasting pattern: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to explore the safety and effectiveness of alternate-day fasting in Chinese people and to compare weight loss outcomes and safety when consuming a high-protein (HP) versus a normal protein (NP) diet versus a nutritional meal replacement (MR) on fasting days. METHODS: This was a randomized, open, parallel-controlled, interventional, exploratory trial, that included a 3-d run-in period and a 28-d intervention period. Adult participants without restriction of body mass index (N = 60) were randomly assigned to three alternative-day fasting (ADF) intervention groups: group HP, group NP, and group MR. The primary outcome was weight change from baseline at 28 d. RESULTS: Overall participants lost an average of 2.53 kg. Mean triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly reduced by 0.10, 0.15, and 0.11 mmol/L, respectively. The mean hunger scale on day 1 of fasting was 18.73 at breakfast and 45.25 at dinner. The mean hunger scale on the last day of fasting decreased significantly, to 10.89 at breakfast and 18.93 at dinner. Weight loss of groups HP, NP, and MR were 2.16, 2.63, and 2.94 kg, respectively; groups did not differ significantly (P = 0.841). The most common adverse events were dizziness, heart palpitations, and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: ADF is an effective, short-term weight loss strategy that was tolerated by most Chinese participants. We suggest that dietary patterns during fasting days is less important, and that calorie restriction during those days should be the focus.

Effectiveness of the self-fatigue assessment in guiding early postoperative ambulation in gynaecological oncology patients: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) guidelines strongly recommends that patients be in early postoperative ambulation within 24 hours. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of the self-fatigue assessment method to guide patients' early postoperative ambulation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a single-centre, randomised, open, parallel-controlled trial. Five hundred and fifty-two patients who meet the inclusion criteria for gynaecological oncology surgery are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either a self-fatigue assessment group (study group) or a fixed activity distance assessment group (control group). The fixed activity distance group adopts a fixed early postoperative ambulation distance to guide the patient's activity, while the self-fatigue assessment group uses the Borg Exercise Scale to assess the patient's fatigue and stops activity when the fatigue level reaches 5-6. The primary outcome measure is the time to first postoperative flatus. Secondary outcome measures are the time to first bowel movement, the incidence of moderate to severe bloating, the incidence of bowel obstruction or venous thromboembolism, the incidence of adverse events (nausea, vomiting, dizziness), patient satisfaction, sleep quality scores, patient compliance with activities, hospital costs and days in hospital. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of Xiangyang Central Hospital affiliated with Hubei University of Arts and Sciences and registered with the China Clinical Trials Registry in May 2021. The results of the trial will be disseminated through open access peer-reviewed journals and abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CTR2100046035.

C-Reactive Protein Levels in relation to Incidence of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: Longitudinal Analyses from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and incident hypertension, as well as the association between hs-CRP levels and related covariates, in a Chinese adult population. METHODS: This study was based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a continuing open, large-scale prospective cohort study. Adult participants who were free of hypertension were included at baseline survey in 2009 and were followed up in 2015 (follow-up rate: 77.45%). The hs-CRP was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method and divided into three groups: low-risk group (0 ≤ hs-CRP <1 mg/L), average-risk group (1 ≤ hs-CRP <3 mg/L), and high-risk group (3 ≤ hs-CRP ≤10 mg/L). Definite diagnosis of hypertension in the follow-up survey in 2015 was the endpoint event of this study. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the predictive value of the hs-CRP. RESULTS: 3794 participants were finally included as study sample, of whom 912 developed hypertension during a 6-year follow-up period (incidence: 24.1%). The incidences of hypertension in hs-CRP low-risk, average-risk, and high-risk groups were 17.6% (200/1135), 25.9% (521/2015), and 29.7% (191/644), respectively. Spearman's correlation analyses showed that there was significant positive correlation between hs-CRP levels and waist circumference, total triglycerides, total cholesterol, age, body mass index, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index. Stepwise regression analyses showed that participants in the hs-CRP high-risk group had a 46.2% higher risk of developing hypertension compared with those in the hs-CRP low-risk group (odds ratio: 1.462, 95% confidence interval: 1.018-2.101). Baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and waist circumference contributed the most to the development of hypertension with R 2 of 0.076, 0.052, and 0.039, respectively, while hs-CRP had lower area under the curve (AUC) for hypertension, adding baseline BP and WC to the prediction model increased the AUC to 0.708 (95% CI: 0.681-0.735). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a weak positive association between CRP levels and future incidence of hypertension in the Chinese population. The combination of hs-CRP with baseline BP and waist circumference (WC) had a higher predictive value for hypertension (AUC: 0.708), but the predictive value was still limited.

Excessive mechanical stretch­mediated osteoblasts promote the catabolism and apoptosis of chondrocytes via the Wnt/ß­catenin signaling pathway.

Excessive biomechanical loading is considered an important cause of osteoarthritis. Although the mechanical responses of chondrocytes and osteoblasts have been investigated, their communication during mechanical loading and the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully known. The present study investigated the effects of excessive mechanically stretched osteoblasts on the metabolism and apoptosis of chondrocytes, and also assessed the involvement of the Wnt/ß­catenin signaling pathway. In the present study, rat chondrocytes and osteoblasts were subjected to mechanical tensile strain, and an indirect chondrocyte­osteoblast co­culture model was established. Reverse transcription­quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of genes and proteins of interest. An ELISA was performed to investigate the levels of cytokines, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13, MMP 3, interleukin­6 (IL­6) and prostaglandin E2 (PG E2), released from osteoblasts. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the apoptosis of chondrocytes exposed to stretched osteoblast conditioned culture medium. The levels of MMP 13, IL­6 and PG E2 increased significantly in the supernatants of stretched osteoblasts compared with the un­stretched group. By contrast, the mRNA expression levels of Collagen 1a and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased in osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stretch compared with the un­stretched group. The mRNA expression level of Collagen 2a was significantly decreased, whereas the expression levels of MMP 13 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin­like motifs 5 were significantly increased in chondrocytes subjected to mechanical stretch compared with the un­stretched group. In the co­culture model, the results indicated that excessive mechanically stretched osteoblasts induced the catabolism and apoptosis of chondrocytes, which was partly inhibited by Wnt inhibitor XAV­939. The results of the present study demonstrated that excessive mechanical stretch led to chondrocyte degradation and inhibited osteoblast osteogenic differentiation; furthermore, excessive mechanically stretched osteoblasts induced the catabolism and apoptosis of chondrocytes via the Wnt/ß­catenin signaling pathway.