New aporphine alkaloids with antitumor activities from the roots of Thalictrum omeiense.

Two new aporphine alkaloids, 6aR-2'-(3-oxobutenyl)-thaliadin (1) and N-methylthalisopynine (2), along with ten known analogs (3-12), were isolated from the roots of Thalictrum omeiense W. T. Wang et S. H. Wang. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Compounds 1-7 and 9-12 were tested for their antiproliferative effects in vitro against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7). Among them, compounds 1, 3, and 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 23.73 to 34.97 µM.

Bioprospecting of Actinobacterial Diversity and Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from the Sediments of Four Saline Lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau.

The Tibetan Plateau, known as the "Roof of the World" and "The Third Pole", harbors numerous saline lakes primarily distributed in the Northern Tibetan Plateau. However, the challenging conditions of high altitude, low oxygen level, and harsh climate have limited investigations into the actinobacteria from these saline lakes. This study focuses on investigating the biodiversity and bioactive secondary metabolites of cultivable actinobacteria isolated from the sediments of four saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau. A total of 255 actinobacterial strains affiliated with 21 genera in 12 families of 7 orders were recovered by using the pure culture technique and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. To facilitate a high-throughput bioactivity evaluation, 192 isolates underwent OSMAC cultivation in a miniaturized 24-well microbioreactor system (MATRIX cultivation). The antibacterial activity of crude extracts was then evaluated in a 96-well plate antibacterial assay. Forty-six strains demonstrated antagonistic effects against at least one tested pathogen, and their underlying antibacterial mechanisms were further investigated through a dual-fluorescent reporter assay (pDualrep2). Two Streptomyces strains (378 and 549) that produce compounds triggering DNA damage were prioritized for subsequent chemical investigations. Metabolomics profiling involving HPLC-UV/vis, UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and molecular networking identified three types of bioactive metabolites belonging to the aromatic polyketide family, i.e., cosmomycin, kidamycin, and hedamycin. In-depth analysis of the metabolomic data unveiled some potentially novel anthracycline compounds. A genome mining study based on the whole-genome sequences of strains 378 and 549 identified gene clusters potentially responsible for cosmomycin and kidamycin biosynthesis. This work highlights the effectiveness of combining metabolomic and genomic approaches to rapidly identify bioactive chemicals within microbial extracts. The saline lakes on the Northern Tibetan Plateau present prospective sources for discovering novel actinobacteria and biologically active compounds.

[Isoquinoline alkaloids from two species of Thalictrum genus plants].

The chemical constituents from the roots of Thalictrum cultratum and T. baicalense were investigated. By various isolation methods, such as silica gel, aluminium oxide, ODS, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and semi-preparative HPLC, 11 simple isoquinoline alkaloids were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of these two plants, including a new compound, named dehydrothalflavine(1), and ten known ones(2-11): N-methylcorydaline(2), N-methylthalidaldine(3), thaliflavine(4), oxyhydrastinine(5), noroxyhydrastinine(6), dimethoxyisoquinolone(7), thalactamine(8), dehydronoroxyhydrastinine(9), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline(10), and isopicnarrhine(11). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-ESI-MS and 1 D and 2 D NMR techniques. Compound 1 was a new isoquinoline alkaloid. Compound 11 was obtained from Tha-lictrum plant for the first time. All compounds did not show cytotoxic activities against HL-60, U937, HCT116, Caco-2, and HepG2 cancer cell lines.

Hoyosella lacisalsi sp. nov., a halotolerant actinobacterium isolated from the Lake Gudzhirganskoe.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and coccus-shaped strain, designated strain G463T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Salicornia europaea L. collected from Lake Gudzhirganskoe in Siberia. Based on 16S rRNA gene phylogeny, strain G463T belonged to the genus Hoyosella, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Hoyosella altamirensis DSM 45258T (96.1%). The major fatty acids were C17:1 ω8c, C16:0, C15 : 0 and C17:0. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diagnostic diamino acid and arabinose, galactose and ribose as the whole-cell sugars. MK-8 and MK-7 were the predominant menaquinones. The polar lipid profile comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unidentified phosphoglycolipid, two unidentified glycolipids and several unidentified lipids. Acetyl was the muramyl residue. Mycolic acids (C28-C34) were present. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.3 mol%. Based on its phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strain G463T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hoyosella, for which the name Hoyosella lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is G463T (=JCM 33650T=CGMCC 1.17230T).

Nocardioides vastitatis sp. nov., isolated from Taklamakan desert soil.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinobacterium, designated strain 21Sc5-5T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Taklamakan desert in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China and investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain 21Sc5-5T grew at 10-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain 21Sc5-5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Nocardioides and had the highest similarity to Nocardioides albidus THG-S11.7T (97.30 %), followed by Nocardioides kongjuensis A2-4T (97.22 %), Nocardioides nitrophenolicus NSP 41T (97.15 %) and Nocardioides caeni MN8T (97.15 %). The results of chemotaxonomic analyses showed that the isolate possessed ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan and MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and three unidentified lipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and 10-methyl C18 : 0. The genome length of strain 21Sc5-5T was 4.67 Mb containing 372 contigs and with a DNA G+C content of 70.4 mol%. On the basis of data from phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 21Sc5-5T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides vastitatis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 21Sc5-5T (=JCM 33365T=CGMCC 4.7608T).

Antiproliferative Dimeric Aporphinoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Thalictrum cultratum.

Inspired by the intriguing structures and bioactivities of dimeric alkaloids, 11 new thalifaberine-type aporphine-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, thalicultratines A-K, a tetrahydroprotoberberine-aporphine alkaloid, thalicultratine L, and five known ones were isolated from the roots of Thalictrum cultratum. Their structures were defined on the basis of NMR and HRESIMS data. The antiproliferative activities of compounds 1-17 were evaluated against human leukemia HL-60 and prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Most alkaloids showed potent cytotoxicity against selected cancer cells. Preliminary SARs are discussed. The most active new compound (3), with an IC50 value of 1.06 µM against HL-60 cells, was selected for mechanism of action studies. The results revealed that compound 3 induced apoptosis and arrested the HL-60 cell cycle at the S phase with the loss of mitochondria membrane potential. The nuclear morphological Hoechst 33258 staining assay was also carried out, and the results confirmed apoptosis.

Xanthones from Garcinia paucinervis with in vitro anti-proliferative activity against HL-60 cells.

Three new xanthones, paucinervins H-J (1-3), as well as eleven known compounds (4-14), were isolated from the leaves of Garcinia paucinervis. The structures of the new compounds (1-3) were elucidated by 1D, 2D NMR spectra and HR ESIMS. In vitro antiproliferative activity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells was tested, among which, compounds 2, 5, 6 and 7 exhibited strong growth inhibitory effects with GI50 values ranging from 1.30 to 9.08 µM, respectively. Preliminary SARs were also discussed.

Two Pairs of Enantiomeric Alkaloid Dimers from Macleaya cordata.

Two pairs of enantiomeric alkaloid dimers, (±)-macleayins A (1) and B (2), representing a novel dimerization pattern of two different types of alkaloids via a C-C σ-bond, were isolated from the aerial parts of Macleaya cordata. The enantiomeric separation was achieved by chiral chromatography. Their structures and stereochemistry were determined by the analysis of extensive spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculation, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. (-)-Macleayin A exhibits modest cytotoxic activity against HL-60 cell line with the IC50 value of 3.51 µM.

Anthraquinone derivatives from Micromonospora rhodorangea.

From the fermentation broths of the actinomycete Micromonospora rhodorangea, four anthraquinone derivatives (1-4) were isolated, of which 2-ethyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-anthraquinone (1) and 3,8-dihydroxy-1-propylanthraquinone (3) were determined as new compounds. Their structures were established by using extensive spectroscopic data analyses. 2-ethyl-1-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3-methyl anthraquinone (2) was isolated from actinomycetes for the first time and its NMR data was assigned.

[Preliminary (correction of Priliminary) study on effects of "planning treatment according to diagnosis" on physiological changes during simulated weightlessness].

OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of the planning treatment according to diagnosis on body syndromes caused by simulated weightlessness. METHOD: Ten subjects underwent HDT -6 degrees for 14 d were randomly divided into the traditional Chinese Medicine group (ME) and control group (CON). Differentiation of syndromes were made and parameters related to the differentiation syndromes, including plasma cortisone, blood viscosity, red cell deformation, excretion rate of urine xylose, and amount of urine were surveyed simultaneously. RESULT: Both differentiation of syndromes and the physiological parameters in group ME could be maintained at the pre-bed rest levels or changed only slightly. CONCLUSION: The Chinese herb compound had an adjusting effect on deficiency of kidney-Yin, blood stasis, insufficiency of spleen-Qi and changes of related physiological parameters caused by 14 d bed rest simulated weightlessness, among which the effect on deficiency of kidney-yin and blood stasis were more distinct.