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BACKGROUND:As tissue engineering brings new hope to the worldwide problem of articular cartilage repair,the construction of light-curing 3D printed hydrogel scaffolds with biomimetic composition is of great significance for cartilage tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To construct a biomimetic methacryloylated hyaluronic acid/acellular Wharton's jelly composite hydrogel scaffold by digital light processing 3D printing technology,and to evaluate its biocompatibility. METHODS:Wharton's jelly was isolated and extracted from human umbilical cord,then decellulated,freeze-dried,ground into powder,and dissolved in PBS to prepare 50 g/L acellular Wharton's jelly solution.Methylallylated hyaluronic acid was prepared,lyophilized and dissolved in PBS to prepare 50 g/L methylallylated hyaluronic acid solution.Acellular Wharton's jelly solution was mixed with methacrylyacylated hyaluronic acid solution at a volume ratio of 1:1,and was used as bio-ink after adding photoinitiator.Methylacrylylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds(labeled as HAMA hydrogel scaffolds)and methylacrylylated hyaluronic acid/acellular Wharton's jelly gel scaffolds(labeled as HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffolds)were prepared by digital light processing 3D printing technology,and the microstructure,swelling performance,biocompatibility,and cartilage differentiation performance of the scaffolds were characterized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Under scanning electron microscope,the two groups of scaffolds showed a three-dimensional network structure,and the fiber connection of HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold was more uniform.Both groups achieved swelling equilibrium within 10 hours,and the equilibrium swelling ratio of HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold was lower than that of HAMA hydrogel scaffold(P＜0.05).(2)CCK-8 assay showed that HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold could promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with HAMA hydrogel scaffold.Dead/live staining showed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew well on the two groups of scaffolds,and the cells on the HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffolds were evenly distributed and more cells were found.Phalloidine staining showed better adhesion and spread of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold than in HAMA.(3)Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated into the two groups for chondrogenic induction culture.The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of agglutinoglycan,SOX9 and type Ⅱ collagen in the HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold group were higher than those in the HAMA hydrogel scaffold group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).(4)These findings indicate that the digital light processing 3D bioprinting HAMA/WJ hydrogel scaffold can promote the proliferation,adhesion,and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
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ObjectiveTo explore how hyperthyroidism induces ventricular remodeling via activating β-catenin/FoxO1 in rat cardiomyocytes. MethodsHyperthyroidism-induced ventricular remodeling rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of levothyroxine （T4） at 0.1 mg/kg for 30 days. β-catenin inhibitor MSAB （14 mg/kg） was administrated for 30 days. We used western blot to detect the expression of myocardial hypertrophy marker ANP， β-catenin and FoxO1； immunofluorescence to examine the expression and intracellular distribution of β-catenin and FoxO1. Hyperthyroidism-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy rat models were established by treatment of triiodothyronine （T3） into cultured primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes for 24 hours. β-catenin siRNA （30 nmol/L） was used to down-regulate β-catenin expression in cardiomyocytes. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the effects of β-catenin inhibition on the hyperthyroidism-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. ResultsFollowing Wnt/β-catenin activation， β-catenin was found increased nuclear expression， to bind to the nuclear transcriptional factors and regulate the gene expression. β-catenin nuclear expression was significantly increased in the hyperthyroidism-induced ventricular remodeling rats， but no change was found in the expression of typical transcriptional factor TCF7l2. Our results revealed that inhibiting β-catenin by MSAB attenuated the hyperthyroidism-induced rat ventricular remodeling. Further analysis indicated that β-catenin/FoxO1 expression was significantly increased in hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial hypertrophy which could be attenuated by suppressing β-catenin/FoxO1 in cardiomyocytes. Conclusionsβ-catenin/FoxO1 is activated in hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial hypertrophy and β-catenin/FoxO1 inhibition attenuates hyperthyroidism-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
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ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on executive function for healthy children and adolescents, and delineate the factors related to the intervention outcome. MethodsLiterature about the effect of HIIT on executive functions for healthy children and adolescent was retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, and CNKI, up to July 31st, 2023. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and relevant data were systematically reviewed. ResultsFifteen researches were included, from nine countries, comprising 13 randomized controlled trials with the scores of PEDro scale from five to eight, involving 17 021 participants aged six to 18 years. They were published mainly from 2016 to 2023. The primary factors related to the intervention outcome were the age of participants, HIIT intervention programs, and work-to-rest ratio. HIIT significantly improved working memory and inhibitory control in healthy children, while it was limited for adolescents. ConclusionHIIT can significantly improve inhibitory control and working memory in healthy children. Key factors related to the intervention outcomes include the age of participants and the specifics of the HIIT program, etc.
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Objective: To prepare nanoparticles able to be used in early diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma (Rb), and to evaluate the in vitro ultrasound imaging capability and photothermal effect. Methods: Nanoparticles containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell, FeIII-tannic acid (FeIIITA), paclitaxel (PTX) and perflenapent (PFP) were prepared by double emulsification. The particle size, potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate were measured. The temperature and ultrasound signal change were evaluated after 808 nm near-infrared laser (1 W/cm2, 5 min) irradiation, and the phase transition of nanoparticles was observed under light microscope. Moreover, the biosafety of FeIIITA/PLGA/PFP nanoparticles was assessed in vitro. The following experimental groups were established according to different types of nanoparticles, i.e. control group, laser group, FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP (FPTP) group, FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP+laser (FPTP+laser) group as well as different concentrations of nanoparticles (0, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 g/L) in FPTP+laser group. The killing effects on Y79 cells in all aforementioned groups were evaluated after irradiation for 5 minutes. Results: FeIIITA/PLGA/PTX/PFP nanoparticles were successfully prepared, the average particle size of nanoparticles was (155.8±55.68) nm and the mean surface charge was (-27.3±5.14) mV. Gray core with black FeIIITA coated nanoparticles could be seen under transmission electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of particles was (70.89±8.03)% and (9.61±0.63)%, respectively. In addition, temperature increased when applying irradiation in vitro and positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Moreover, the ultrasonic signals in B-mode and imaging-mode enhanced with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. The killing effect against Y79 in FPTP+laser group was stronger than that of control group, laser group and FTTP group in vitro, positively correlated with the concentration of nanoparticles. Conclusion: The phase changeable nanoparticles loaded with FeIII-tannic acid and PFP were successfully prepared and possessed excellent photothermal effect and ultrasound imaging effect along with a robust killing effect on Y79 cells, being expected to realize the integrated approach in diagnosis and treatment of Rb.
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α-Aminophosphonates compounds containing 3,5-diphenyl-2-isoxazoline were synthesized and evaluated for their bioactivity. Seventeen of them showed good bioactivity (protection effect > 50%) in vivo against papaya ringspot virus, while two of them (V29 and V45) exhibited excellent antiviral activity (both 77.8%). In the latter case, the antiviral activity was close to that of antiphytovirucides ningnanmycin and dufulin (both 83.3%) at 500 mg/L. The preliminary structure-activity relationships indicated that the bioactivity was strongly influenced by the substituents.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Isoxazoles , Organophosphonates , Potyvirus/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Isoxazoles/chemistry , Isoxazoles/pharmacology , Organophosphonates/chemistry , Organophosphonates/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the correlation between antithrombotic strategy and its prognostic value in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients combining with atrial ifbrillation (AF) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 570 CAD patients with AF received PCI in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2013-12 were retrospectively analyzed by CHADS2 and HAS-BLED Score system. According to CHADS2 Results: Compared with Low risk of stroke group, the patients in High risk of stroke group had the worse prognosis and higher rate of MACCE occurrence,P0.05. The major bleeding events in patients with warfarin were a little higher than those without warfarin,P>0.05. The minor bleeding events were increased in both Low risk stroke group asP Conclusion: Warfarin medication may obviously decrease the occurrence rates of MACCE and ischemic events in high risk of stroke patients, while in low risk patients, warfarin could not further decrease the occurrence of MACCE and ischemic events. Warfarin could increase the risk for minor bleeding in both low risk and high risk of stroke in CAD patients combining with AF after PCI.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and thyroid dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with stable angina pectoris with thyroid function test results hospitalized at Fuwai Hospital from 2011 Jan to 2011 Dec were included in this analysis (n = 2 541). General clinical data and related biochemical parameters were analyzed. We divided patients into 5 subgroups according to TSH levels: <0.55 mIU/L (n = 105), 0.55-2.49 mIU/L (n = 1599), 2.50-4.77 mIU/L (n = 621), 4.78-9.99 mIU/L (n = 180), >10.00 mIU/L (n = 36).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 157 patients were diagnosed with AF (6.8%). (1) Compare to stable angina pectoris patients without AF, stable angina pectoris patients with AF have older age (P < 0.001), higher proportion of female (P = 0.04), uric acid (P < 0.001), NT-proBNP (P = 0.001), larger left atrial diameter (P < 0.001), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (P < 0.001) and lower LVEF (P = 0.038), FT3(P = 0.002), TT3 (P < 0.001). (2) When TSH levels were less than 0.55,0.55-2.49, 2.50-4.77, 4.78-9.99 mIU/L and greater than 10.00 mIU/L, the incidence of AF were 7.6% (8/105) , 5.7% (91/1 599), 7.9% (49/621), 9.4% (17/180) and 22.2% (8/36), respectively. Both a high and a low TSH level were associated with an increased incidence of AF. After adjustment for common risk factor (age, gender and so on) , stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that TSH levels were significantly related with the incidence of AF. Compared to patients with TSH 0.55-2.49 mIU/L, the adjusted odds ratio of AF for TSH < 0.55, 2.50-4.77, 4.78-9.99, >10.00 mIU/L were 1.37 (95%CI 0.65-2.90, P = 0.415), 1.42 (95CI 0.99-2.04, P = 0.057), 1.73 (95%CI 1.01-2.97, P = 0.048), 4.74 (95%CI 2.10-10.69, P < 0.001), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results show that incidence of AF increases in proportion to TSH level in patients with stable angina pectoris.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angina, Stable , Atrial Fibrillation , Epidemiology , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid GlandABSTRACT
Chinese herbal medicine is commonly used as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but its efficacy and safety remain to be examined. To compare the efficacy and adverse events of Chinese herbal medicine alone or used adjuvantly with Western medications for BPH. Two independent reviewers searched the major electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing Chinese herbal medicine, either in single or adjuvant use with Western medication, with placebo or Western medication. Relevant journals and grey literature were also hand-searched. The outcome measures included changes in urological symptoms, urodynamic measures, prostate volume and adverse events. The frequency of commonly used herbs was also identified. Out of 13 922 identified citations of publications, 31 studies were included. Eleven studies with a Jadad score ≥ 3 were selected for meta-analysis. Chinese herbal medicine was superior to Western medication in improving quality of life and reducing prostate volume. The frequency of adverse events in Chinese herbal medicine was similar to that of placebo and less than that of Western medication. The evidence is too weak to support the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for BPH due to the poor methodological quality and small number of trials included. The commonly used herbs identified here should provide insights for future clinical practice and research. Larger randomized controlled trials of better quality are needed to truly evaluate the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine.