Accessing the impact of poverty age groupings on carbon neutrality targets: scenarios from developing Sub Sahara African countries.

Sustainable development aims to both alleviate poverty and protect the environment. Previous research has explored the connection between poverty and carbon emissions. However, in Sub-Saharan Africa, nearly half of the population lives below the international poverty line, hindering economic growth and sustainable development. Therefore, this current study aims to further explore different age groupings of poverty and economic growth relates to environmental pollution, in 43 Sub-Saharan African nations. This study addresses existing gaps by employing the Driscoll-Kraay (D-K) standard error technique and the method of moments quantile regression to examine the connections between variables, yielding significant findings. The results indicate that youth and middle age poverty has an inverse relationship with environmental pollution. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the critical importance of addressing poverty in the formulation of policies aimed at mitigating environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development in Sub-Saharan African countries. Insights from this research can inform policymakers and other stakeholders in designing more effective interventions, programs, and initiatives to combat both poverty and environmental degradation, ultimately leading to a better and more equitable environment.

Efficacy of Transaxillary Approach Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery for the Treatment of Single-Sided Thyroid Cancer / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of endoscopic thyroid surgery through axillary approach in the treatment of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma.Methods A total of 135 patients admitted to Yunnan Cancer Hospital from April 2022 to November 2022 were selected.According to the surgical method,69 patients were in the endoscopic group and 66 patients were in the open surgery group.The clinical data,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative hospitalization stay,complications,cosmetic satisfaction,scar evaluation,postoperative swallowing pain and blood calcium,blood phosphorus,PTH levels of the two groups were observed.Results There were no significant differences in general data,pathological features,number of lymph node dissection,and perioperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time and postoperative drainage volume in the endoscopic group were significantly higher than those in the open surgery group.The intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,pain score,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,PTH levels and cosmetic satisfaction in the endoscopic group were significantly better than those in the open group(P<0.05).Conclusion Transaxillary approach endoscopic thyroid surgery for the treatment of single-sided papillary thyroid carcinoma is safe,feasible,and provides better protection of the parathyroid glands,postoperative swallowing pain,and cosmetic satisfaction.

How do clean fuels and technology-based energy poverty affect carbon emissions? New evidence from eighteen developing countries.

Clean fuels and technology-based energy is an essential source to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. Therefore, the relationship between all types of poverty and other socioeconomic indicators has been studied extensively; nevertheless, clean fuels and technology-based energy poverty, adjusted for carbon emissions, has not been studied. The current study examines the impact of clean fuels and technology-based energy poverty on carbon emissions (Co2e). Using System-Generalized Method of Movement (SGMM) estimators, this study utilized panel data from eighteen developing countries in Asia from 2006 to 2017. The empirical findings obtained from econometric model suggest the presence of clean fuels and technology-based energy poverty and its curse on environment, i.e., energy poverty positively affects Co2e growth in Asian developing countries. Furthermore, economic growth (GDP), trade, and population are also positively associated with Co2e growth and negatively affect environmental quality. Based on the empirical findings of the current study, we recommend robust policy implications that the governments of targeted countries should invest more to increase clean fuels and technologies.

How does economic complexity affect ecological footprint in G-7 economies: the role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumptions and testing EKC hypothesis.

The discussion concerning whether and how economic complexity (ECI) affects ecological footprint (EFP) has gained researchers' consideration, while there are slight empirical evidence to support the subject matter. In the support of theoretical argument, this study provides empirical evidence by investigating the impact of ECI on EFP along with the role of disaggregated energy consumptions by using a panel dataset of G-7 economies between 1996 and 2019. To this end, we applied panel techniques of Fully-Modify OLS and Dynamic-OLS models for cointegration analysis. The results obtained from Fully-Modify OLS and Dynamic-OLS models reveal that ECI deteriorates environmental quality by increasing EFP, while renewable energy reduces ecological pollution by decreasing EFP. In addition, the increasing demand for non-renewable energy and economic growth both degrades environmental quality in G-7 countries. More interestingly, the non-linear (ECI2) relationship between ECI and EFP confirms a U-shaped association (EKC hypothesis), which suggests that after achieving a certain threshold level, economic complexity mitigates environmental degradation in G-7 economies. The empirical results also suggest that other control variables such as population growth, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and total trade intensity lead to environmental degradation by increasing ecological footprint. Based on empirical results, the following important policy implications are drawn; first, G-7 economies should speed up the level of economic complexity along with renewable energy consumption to protect environmental quality and maintain sustainable growth and development. Secondly, the governments of G-7 countries should introduce greener technologies and promote production that are environmental friendly for drastic reduction in environmental unsustainability.

Income inequality, ecological footprint, and carbon dioxide emissions in Asian developing economies: what effects what and how?

The reduction of income inequality and environmental vulnerability is the most important factor, through which we can achieve the target of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The past papers have investigated the nexus between income inequality and carbon emissions; however, the relationship between income inequality and carbon emissions along with ecological footprint has not been studied in the case of developing countries. To this end, this study analyzed the impact of income inequality on both carbon emissions and ecological footprint as well as the impact of carbon emission and ecological footprint on income inequality by using the dataset from 2006 to 2017 for the 18 Asian developing economies. This study confirmed the positive relationship between carbon emissions, ecological footprint, and income inequality under the methodology of Driscoll and Kraay (D&K) standard error approach. Specifically, a higher-income gap is destructive for environmental degradation, whereas increasing level of carbon emissions and ecological footprint also leads to rising income inequality in the investigated region. Furthermore, foreign direct investment (FDI), easy access to electricity, and population growth control income inequality, but they have a detrimental effect on both ecological footprint and carbon emissions. The empirical findings also provide some important policy implications.

A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Employment Returns to Education and Health Status in China: Moderating Role of Gender.

Based on the nationally representative sample data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS-2015), this study examines the relationship of education levels and health status with an individual's probability of being employed in China. The findings obtained from the binary logistic regression estimator suggest that people with a higher level of education were more likely to be employed than those who have less or no education. The individual with university or above education was found to be 85% more likely to be employed than college or equal diploma holders. Further, the healthier individual was found to be 11% more likely to be employed than relatively less healthy. Moreover, the resulting coefficients obtained from the moderation effect suggest that all of the two-way interaction effects among health status and education levels with gender are not statistically significant even at the 10% level. The results suggest that there was no multiplicative effect of gender with health status and level of education on an individual's probability of being employed. Further, the study also suggests important policy implications in the light of China's active labor force market and the gender gap in employment.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of systematic histological sections: application to observations on palatal shelf elevation / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Normal mammalian secondary palate development undergoes a series of processes, including palatal shelf (PS) growth, elevation, adhesion and fusion, and palatal bone formation. It has been estimated that more than 90% of isolated cleft palate is caused by defects associated with the elevation process. However, because of the rapidly completed elevation process, the entire process of elevation will never be easy to clarify. In this article, we present a novel method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of thick tissue blocks from two-dimensional (2D) histological sections. We established multiplanar sections of the palate and tongue in coronal and sagittal directions, and further performed 3D reconstruction to observe the morphological interaction and connection between the two components prior to and during elevation. The method completes an imaging system for simultaneous morphological analysis of thick tissue samples using both synthetic and real data. The new method will provide a comprehensive picture of reorientation morphology and gene expression pattern during the palatal elevation process.

Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets for perimenopausal women osteoporosis in patients with bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets of modulation perimenopausal women osteoporosis patients, explore the impact of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers. Methods A total of 160 female patients were recruited in our hospital by the random number table method, and were divided into the control group 80 cases and the observation group 80 cases. The control group was treated with standard dose of conjugated estrogen tablets, while the observation group was treated with Bushen Qingxin decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated 3 period with 28 days per period. The enzyme-linked immunity analyzer was used to detect serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal cross linked peptide (CTX-Ⅰ), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase -5b (TRACP-5b) level, and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement method was used to detect bone mineral density values. The clinical curative effect was compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.3%, while the control group was 78.8%, which showed the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=3.971, P=3.971). After treatment, the serum BALP levels (88.55 ± 10.33 U/L vs. 80.47 ± 8.67 U/L, t=5.399) of the observation group were significantly higher than this of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the serum TRACP-5b (501.31 ± 35.77 pg/L vs. 538.51 ± 37.69 pg/L, t=6.498), CTX- (130.09 ±Ⅰ17.55 ng/ml vs. 164.71 ± 19.45 ng/ml, t=11.928) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.01). After treatment, the bone mineral density of the observation group rose up from the baseline (t=3.396, P=0.010). Conclusions The Bushen-Qingxin decoction combined conjugated estrogen tablets can increase on women in the menopausal transition of osteoporosis in patients with bone mineral density values and serum BALP levels, reduce serum TRACP-5b, CTX-Ⅰ level.

The clinical study of Bushen-Qingxin decoction for the patients with premature ovarian failure with kidney deficiency / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Bushen-Qingxin decoction for the patients with premature ovarian failure (POF) with kidney deficiency type. Methods A total of 120 POF patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group. The observation group were treated with Bushen-Qingxin decoction. The control group were treated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). After continuous treatment for 3 courses, the clinical efficacy, clinical symptoms and the levels of estrogen (E2), luteotropic hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were comparedbefore and after treatment. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was 86.7% (52/60), and the control group was 60.0% (36/60). The difference was statistically significant (x2=9.588, P=0.002) between two groups. The symptoms aversion to cold, and cold limbs, depressed mood, night sweats were improved significantly better than those in the control group(x2=16.464,16.214,11.525,9.938,P<0.001).After treatment,the serum E2(88.32 ± 9.35 pmol/L vs. 62.10 ± 7.22 pmol/L, t=17.848) in the observation group was significantly higher than this in the control group,while the serum FSH(32.33 ± 4.60 U/L vs.46.82 ± 5.47 U/L,t=15.704),LH(24.80 ± 3.37 U/L vs.32.16 ± 4.02 U/L, t=10.868) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). In the follow-up of 3 months, the recurrence rate in the observation group was 3.8% (2/52), but 16.7% (6/36) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant between two groups (x2=4.231, P=0.040).Conclusions The Bushen-Qingxin decocation can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and restore ovarian function.The Bushen-Qingxin decocation is an effective method for the treatment of premature ovarian failure.

Effect of Guilongkechuanning combined with cefotaxime in the treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Guilongkechuanning combined with cefotaxime in the treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis .Methods 68 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis were selected from April 2016 to March 2017 in the Third People's Hospital of Xiangshan County,and they were randomly divided into control group and observation groupaccording to the digital table,with 34 cases in each group .The two groups were given symptomatic treatment , the control group received cefotaxime treatment, while the observation group was given cefotaxime combined with Guilongkechuanning .The clinical effect , symptoms improve time , hospitalization time and lung function were observed in the two groups .Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.12％,which was significantly higher than 76.47％of the control group (χ2 =4.22,P<0.05).The recovery time of sputum,cough,wheezing and,hospitalization time in the observation group were (3.09 ±0.76)d,(4.28 ±0.83)d,(4.30 ±0.92)d,(7.02 ±0.66)d,respectively,which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(5.93 ±0.60) d,(8.34 ±0.56) d,(9.19 ±1.05) d, (10.54 ±1.03)d](t=17.10,23.64,20.42,16.78,all P<0.05).After treatment,the forced vital capacity,forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity ratio in the observation group were (3937.48 ±18.99)mL, (64.28 ±3.45)％,respectively,which were better than those in the control group [(3038.42 ±20.31) mL, (57.88 ±2.89)％](t=188.54,8.29,all P<0.05).Conclusion Guilongkechuanning combined with cefotaxime in the treatment of elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis has definite effect , which can effectively control the disease .

Color Doppler ultrasonography of renal vein embolism and its diagnostic value / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective Explore the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in renal vein embolism compared with contrast-enhanced CT.Analyze and summarize the sonographic features and reasons of misdiagnosis of renal vein embolism.Methods Reports of color Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT in 15 patients with 20 renal vein thrombosis and 25 patients with 25 renal vein tumor thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed.We summarized the sonographic features including the location of emboli,the lumen and wall of the involved veins,the information of collateral circulation and the color Doppler sonographic features.Results The diagnostic accuracy of renal vein thrombosis and tumor thrombosis were 85%and 84%for ultrasound,100%and 96%for contrast-enhanced CT,the difference was not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).The typical sonographic features include(1)Expansion of the renal vein and full of solid echogenicity;(2)No flow signals or flow filling defect in renal veins;(3)No or sparse venous flow signal in the involved kidney.Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT have a good consistency in the diagnosis of renal vein embolism.Color Doppler ultrasonography can be used as an important imaging method to evaluate the renal vein embolism,which can combine medical history and provide a more reliable basis for the diagnosis of renal vein embolism.

Effects of PM2.s on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice / 眼科新进展

Objective To investigate the effects of PM2.5 on tear film function and corneal epithelial structure in mice.Methods Totally 24 male BALB/c mice (24 eyes) were divided into two groups:group A (with PBS eye drops,n =12),group B (5 mg · mL-1 PM2.5 eye drop group,n =12).PBS and PM2.5 eye drop were given with four times per day for 7 consecutive days in right eye.Tear secretion level was measured with phenol red thread.Break-up time (BUT) of tear film was tested,and corneal fluorescein staining (FL) was scored before therapy and 1 day,4 days and 7 days after droppings and HE staining was performed 7 days after droppings,respectively.Results There was no significant difference in the tear secretion levels,BUT,FL between the groups A and B before treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).At 4 days,7 days after treatment with PM2.5,the mean differences of the group B showed all items significantly changed compared with those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.05).For the group A,there was no statistical change in tear secretion levels,BUT,FL at 7 days after treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).There were statistical differences in all items between group A and B at each time point (all P ＜ 0.05).At 7 days after therapy,the mean layers of corneal epithelial cells in the group A (4 ± 1) was significantly lower than that in the group B (7 ±l) (P ＜0.05).The group B showed that the whole corneal fluorescein staining obviously increased,and corneal epithelial cell layer was thickened.Conclusion PM2.5 can influence tears film function and damage the corneal epithelial structure in mice.

The value of 18 MHz high-frequency linear array ultrasound probe in the diagnosis of thyroid anterior capsular invasion / 中华医学超声杂志（电子版）

Objective To investigate the value of 18 MHz high-frequency linear array ultrasound probe in the diagnosis of thyroid anterior capsular invasion,and compare it with the conventional high-frequency ultrasound probe.Methods Seventy-three nodules in 68 patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2015 to March 2016 underwent conventional and 18 MHz high-frequency probes examination before operation and were compared with pathological results.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the 18 MHz high-frequency linear array probe and the conventional high-frequency probe were determined.The consistency between the gold standard and the diagnosis by using two different frequency probes was measured using Kappa statistics.Additionally,diagnostic accuracy of different frequency probes was further evaluated according to the area under the ROC curve.Results The diagnostic consistency test of the total sample of 73 nodules:capsular abutment as the diagnostic criterion,the diagnostic consistency of 18MHz high-frequency probe was good (Kappa=0.803,P ＜ 0.01).The specificity,positive predictive value and accuracy were superior to the conventional high-frequency probe (90.7％ vs 69.8％,87.1％vs 68.3％,90.4％ vs 79.5％).The area under the ROC curve was 0.903,higher than that of the conventional high-frequency probe (0.816),which demonstrated that the former had better diagnostic accuracy.If the disruption of the perithyroidal echogenic line as another diagnostic criterion,the diagnostic consistency of the 18 MHz and conventional high-frequency probe was general,the Kappa value were 0.677 and 0.518.The sensitivity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of conventional high-frequency probe were inferior to the 18 MHz high-frequency probe (53.3％ vs 70.0％,74.5％ vs 82.0％,88.9％ vs 91.3％,78.1％ vs 84.9％).Conclusions The 18 MHz high frequency probe is a feasible tool for accurate prediction of the distance between tumor and thyroid anterior capsular and anterior capsular invasion,and it is helpful for the diagnosis of the preoperative staging and the prognosis of PTC.

Clinical research of autohemotherapy combined with bacillus calmette-guerin polysaccharide and nucleic acid in treatment of facial steroid-dependent dermatitis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect and security of autohemotherapy combined with bacillus calmette-guerin polysaccharide and nucleic acid in treatment of facial steroid-dependent dermatitis.Methods The 74 patients with facial steroid-dependent dermatitis were divided into treatment group (38patients) and control group (36 patients) according to the treatment method.The patients in treatment group were treated with autohemotherapy combined with bacillus calmette-gnerin polysaccharide and nucleic acid 1 ml muscle injection,every 3 days a time for 4 weeks.The patients in control group were treated with bacillus calmette-guerin polysaccharide and nucleic acid,every 3 days a time for 4 weeks.The effect was compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was 84.2％(32/38),in control group was 63.9％(23/36),there was significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).No serious adverse reaction was found in two groups.Conclusion Autohemotherapy combined with bacillus calmettegnerin polysaccharide and nucleic acid is safe and effective in treatment of facial steroid-dependent dermatitis.

Differences in the findings of color Doppler sonography between atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To evaluate the differences among five representative and useful Doppler parameters in the diagnosis of the three common types of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Methods Five Doppler parameters including renal peak systolic velocity (RPSV), renal-aortic ratio (RAR), renal-interlobar ratio (RIR),acceleration time (AT),and resistant index (RI) were measured in 221 patients before renal arteriography. Differences between the groups of patients with various clinical causes of RAS were analyzed by Chi-Squared test. One-way ANOVA or t test were used to compare the means between different groups.The optimal cutoff value was determined with the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity. Results Of the 442 renal arteries (main and accessory renal arteries) demonstrated at arteriography,214 were normal or stenosed less than 50 %, 204 stenoses 50% - 99 %, and 24 occlusions. RIR, RAR and RI were significantly different between the atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic RAS groups (P ＜0.05), while RPSV and AT were not. The optimal cutoff values of RAR,RIR and RI for detecting RAS between the atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic groups were much different (2.5 versus 1.9, 5. 1 versus 6.5, 0.57 versus 0.50,respectively) ,but those of RPSV and AT were similar or the same (170 cm/s versus 200 cm/s,51 ms versus 51 ms,respectively). Conclusions In the case of RAS (diameter reduction≥50%),it is advised to establish separate cutoff values of RAR, RIR and RI according to atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic RAS, but the same cutoff value of RPSV and AT can be applied. RIR is a good Doppler parameter in the diagnosis of RAS,especially atherosclerotic and fibromuscular dysplasia RAS.

Expression of BUB1 and APC protein in different breast tissues and its clinical signifi cance / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose:The development of breast cancer is a multi-step process associated with changes in host chromosome,and some of which correlate with the appearance and progression of the tumor. We studied the expression of BUBl,APC protein in normal breast,hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer tissues and evaluated its difference and clinical significance. Methods:The inmmunohistochemical method was used to analyze the expression of BUB1 and APC protein in normal breast,hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer tissues. Results:The positive rate of BUB1 protein expression in normal,hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer tissues was 86.7%,80.0% and46.0%,respectively.There were signifi cant differences among the three breast tissues(P

Experimental Study on Effects of Jiangzhi Tongmai Fang on Inhibiting Hyperlipemia and Atherosclerosis / 中华中医药杂志

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of Jiangzhi Tongmai Fang(JZTMF) on preventing and curing atherosclerosis with methods of invigorating the spleen,dispersing phlegm and dissolving blood stasis.Methods: C57/BL-ApoE knock out mice were raised with cholesterol animal feeds for 90 days to form the experimental models of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic plaque.At the same time the TCM group was given complex prescription of Chinese materia medica continuously for 90 days.The plasma Level of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured by the end of experiment.Light microscope was adopted to assess the degree of pathologic damage of arterial wall.Results: Complex prescription of Chinese materia medica JZTMF with methods of invigorating the spleen,dispersing phlegm and dissolving blood stasis could inhibit the upgrade of plasma TC,LDL-C.Conclusion: JZTMF could cure experimental hyperlipemia and inhibit the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

Direct gastroscopy for detecting gastric cancer in the elderly / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of direct gastroscopy for detecting gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical screening by direct gastroscopy was performed for gastric cancer (GC) from September 1985 to July 1998. 3048 elderly people were screened. Their age ranged from 60 to 93 years, and 2034 of the 3084 were followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety-two patients with gastric cancer were discovered by gastroscopy, representing 3.02% of the screened population. The rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) was 63.04% (58/92) of all gastric cancers detected. The rate was up to 79.59% (39/49) on follow-up, and was 74.14% (43/51) in asymptomatic patients with gastric cancer. The excision rate was 88.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 100% for patients with early gastric cancer. The 5-year survival rate was 91.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 96.30% for patients with early gastric cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clinical screening and follow-up by direct gastroscopy in persons over 60 years of age are a safe and effective method for raising the 5-year survival and detection rate of gastric cancer, especially early gastric cancer.</p>

Absorption and purification of glycyrrhizic acid with macro resin / 中成药

AIM: An optimal method for purifying glycyrrhizic acid with D-101 macro resin was developed. METHODS: The contents of glycyrrhizic acid were used as the evaluating criteria, by means of vanlillin-sulfuric acid colorimetry. RESULTS: The optimum technical operations were as follows: 10% ethanol(4 times the volume of the resin) was used to elute glycyrrhizic acid; both the current velocity of absoring and eluting were 2 mLmin, pH of the sample was 5.8 , concentration of the sample was 9 mgmL (weight of the raw materialvolume). CONCLUSION: The results show that D-101 macro resin is suitable for absorbing and purifying glycyrrhizic acid.