Insight into the effect of UVC-based advanced oxidation processes on the interaction of typical microplastics and their derived disinfection byproducts during disinfection.

The 10 µm polystyrene and polyethylene-terephthalate microplastics (MPs), prevalent in finished drink water, were employed to investigate the effect of normal dosage UVC-based advanced-oxidation-processes (UVC-AOPs) on the interaction between MPs and their derived disinfection-byproducts (DBPs) during subsequent chlorination-disinfection, in the presence of Br-, for the first time. The results indicated that UVC/H2O2 caused higher leaching of microplastic-derived dissolved-organic-matter (MP-DOM), with smaller and narrower molecular-weight-distribution than UVC and UVC/peroxymonosulfate (UVC/PMS). The trihalomethanes (as dominant DBPs) molar-formation-potentials (THMs-MFPs) for MP-DOM leached in different UVC-AOPs followed the order of UVC/H2O2>UVC/PMS>UVC. The adsorption of formed THMs, especially Br-THMs, back on MPs was observed in all MPs suspensions with or without UVC-AOPs pre-treatment. The Cl-THMs adsorption by MPs is more sensitive to UVC-AOPs than Br-THMs. The adsorption experiments showed that UVC-AOPs reduce the capacity but increase the rate of THMs adsorption by MPs, suggesting the halogen and hydrogen bonding forces governed the THMs adsorption rate while hydrophobic interaction determines their adsorption capacity. The UVC-AOPs pre-treatment sharply increased the total yield of THMs via both indirectly inducing MP-DOM leaching and directly increasing the THMs-MFPs of MPs by oxidation. 21.36-41.96% of formed THMs adsorbed back on the UVC-AOPs-pretreated MPs, which might increase the toxicity of MPs.

postGWAS: A web server for deciphering the causality post the genome-wide association studies.

While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have unequivocally identified vast disease susceptibility variants, a majority of them are situated in non-coding regions and are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD). To pave the way of translating GWAS signals to clinical drug targets, it is essential to identify the underlying causal variants and further causal genes. To this end, a myriad of post-GWAS methods have been devised, each grounded in distinct principles including fine-mapping, co-localization, and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) techniques. Yet, no platform currently exists that seamlessly integrates these diverse post-GWAS methodologies. In this work, we present a user-friendly web server for post-GWAS analysis, that seamlessly integrates 9 distinct methods with 12 models, categorized by fine-mapping, colocalization, and TWAS. The server mainly helps users decipher the causality hindered by complex GWAS signals, including casual variants and casual genes, without the burden of computational skills and complex environment configuration, and provides a convenient platform for post-GWAS analysis, result visualization, facilitating the understanding and interpretation of the genome-wide association studies. The postGWAS server is available at http://g2g.biographml.com/.

Deep eutectic solvent-based blended membranes for ultra-super selective separation of SO2.

SO2 is a major atmospheric pollutant leading to acid rain and smog. As a new generation of green solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been widely investigated for gas capture. Nevertheless, studies on DES-based membranes for SO2 separation are yet minimal. Herein, we devised polymer/DES blended membranes comprising 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide ([Bmim]Br)/diethylene glycol (DEG) DES and poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and these membranes were firstly used for selective separation of SO2 from N2 and CO2. The permeability of SO2 reaches up to 17480 Barrer (0.20 bar, 40 ºC) in PVDF/DES blended membrane containing 50 wt% of [Bmim]Br/DEG (2:1), with ultrahigh SO2/N2 and SO2/CO2 selectivity of 3690 and 211 obtained, respectively, far exceeding those in the state-of-the-art membranes reported in literature. The highly-reversible multi-site interaction between SO2 and [Bmim]Br/DEG DES was revealed by spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, the PVDF/DES blended membrane was also able to efficiently and stably separate SO2/CO2/N2 (2.5/15/82.5%) mixed gas for at least 100 h. This work demonstrates for the first time that [Bmim]Br-based DESs are very efficient media for membrane separation of SO2. The easy preparation, low cost and high performance enable polymer/DES blended membranes to be promising candidates for flue gas desulfurization.

Problematic social media use and mental health risks among first-year Chinese undergraduates: a three-wave longitudinal study.

Introduction: The association between social media use and mental health risks has been widely investigated over the past two decades with many cross-sectional studies reporting that problematic social media use (PSMU) is associated with higher mental health risk such as anxiety and depression. The present study examined the relationship between PSMU severity and mental health risks (depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness) using a three-wave longitudinal design. Methods: A total of 685 first-year Chinese undergraduate students (Mean age = 19.12 years, SD = 0.92) completed surveys at three times points with intervals of 3 to 4 months. Results revealed that PSMU was positively correlated with all the mental health risk variables over the three time points. Results: The prevalence of PSMU increased over the three research waves. Cross-lagged models identified bi-directional relationships between PSMU and mental health risks, while such links were not consistent between different mental health risk variables and can change over different research intervals. Discussion: This study indicates that PSMU and mental health risks could predict each other in a vicious loop, but the differences between specific mental health risks and the research context (e.g., different term times and experiences in university) should not be ignored. Further research attention should be paid to the prevalence of PSMU and mental health conditions among Chinese first-year undergraduates who appear to have difficulties in adapting to university life.

"Danmu" preference, problematic online video watching, loneliness and personality: An eye-tracking study and survey study.

'Danmu' (i.e., comments that scroll across online videos), has become popular on several Asian online video platforms. Two studies were conducted to investigate the relationships between Danmu preference, problematic online video watching, loneliness and personality. Study 1 collected self-report data on the study variables from 316 participants. Study 2 collected eye-tracking data of Danmu fixation (duration, count, and the percentages) from 87 participants who watched videos. Results show that fixation on Danmu was significantly correlated with problematic online video watching, loneliness, and neuroticism. Self-reported Danmu preference was positively associated with extraversion, openness, problematic online video watching, and loneliness. The studies indicate the potential negative effects of Danmu preference (e.g., problematic watching and loneliness) during online video watching. The study is one of the first empirical investigations of Danmu and problematic online video watching using eye-tracking software. Online video platforms could consider adding more responsible use messaging relating to Danmu in videos. Such messages may help users to develop healthier online video watching habits.

Multiscale Structural Engineering of Sulfur/Carbon Cathodes Enables High Performance All-Solid-State LiS Batteries.

Constructing all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) cathodes with efficient charge transport and mechanical flexibility is challenging but critical for the practical applications of ASSLSBs. Herein, a multiscale structural engineering of sulfur/carbon composites is reported, where ultrasmall sulfur nanocrystals are homogeneously anchored on the two sides of graphene layers with strong SC bonds (denoted as S@EG) in chunky expanded graphite particles via vapor deposition method. After mixing with Li9.54 Si1.74 P1.44 S11.7 Cl0.3 (LSPSCL) solid electrolytes (SEs), the fabricated S@EG-LSPSCL cathode with interconnected "Bacon and cheese sandwich" feature can simultaneously enhance electrochemical reactivity, charge transport, and chemomechanical stability due to the synergistic atomic, nanoscopic and microscopic structural engineering. The assembled InLi/LSPSCL/S@EG-LSPSCL ASSLSBs demonstrate ultralong cycling stability over 2400 cycles with 100% capacity retention at 1 C, and a record-high areal capacity of 14.0 mAh cm-2 at a record-breaking sulfur loading of 8.9 mg cm-2 at room temperature as well as high capacities with capacity retentions of ≈100% after 600 cycles at 0 and 60 °C. Multiscale structural engineered sulfur/carbon cathode has great potential to enable high-performance ASSLSBs for energy storage applications.

Histological study of platelet-rich fibrin combined with MTA for direct pulp capping of rabbit teeth / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @# To investigate the outcomes of a novel direct pulp capping agent containing platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). @*Methods @# A total of 32 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, the PRF+MTA group (P+M group), PRF group (P group), MTA group (M group) and blank control group (BC group), with 8 rabbits per group. Dental pulp exposure and direct pulp capping were performed, and complete crown square sealing was performed on 2 mandibular central incisor teeth of each rabbit. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized after each observation period (7 and 28 days). The experimental teeth were subjected to HE staining. Inflammatory cell infiltration, calcified bridge formation and pulp tissue disorganization were observed and graded. @*Results@#Inflammatory cell infiltration: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05); group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Calcified bridge formation: on the 7th and 28th days, group P+M was lighter than group P, group M and group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group M was higher than group BC (P<0.05). Under microscope, the calcified bridge contained cellular components and was surrounded by odontoblast-like cells, sharing a structure resembled osteodentin; dentin tubule-like structure could not be observed in calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin. Pulp tissue disorganization: on the 7th day, group P+M and group M were lighter than group BC (P<0.05); on the 28th day, group P+M was lighter than group P and group BC (P<0.05). group P+M and group M did not significantly differ (P>0.05). @*Conclusion @# The combination of PRF and MTA for direct pulp capping provided light inflammatory cell infiltration, stable pulp status and a strong ability of pulp tissue to form calcified bridge, and the calcified bridge resembled certain points of osteodentin.

The Effect of Stimulation Position and Ear Canal Occlusion on Perception of Bone Conducted Sound.

The position of a bone conduction (BC) transducer influences the perception of BC sound, but the relation between the stimulation position and BC sound perception is not entirely clear. In the current study, eleven participants with normal hearing were evaluated for their hearing thresholds and speech intelligibility for three stimulation positions (temple, mastoid, and condyle) and four types of ear canal occlusion produced by headphones. In addition, the sound quality for three types of music was rated with stimulation at the three positions. Stimulation at the condyle gave the best performance while the temple showed the worst performance for hearing thresholds, speech intelligibility, and sound quality. The in-ear headphones gave the highest occlusion effect while fully open headphones gave the least occlusion effect. BC stimulated speech intelligibility improved with greater occlusion, especially for the temple stimulation position. The results suggest that BC stimulation at the condyle is generally superior to the other positions tested in terms of sensitivity, clarity, and intelligibility, and that occlusion with ordinary headphones improves the BC signal.

Can Watching Online Videos Be Addictive? A Qualitative Exploration of Online Video Watching among Chinese Young Adults.

Watching online videos (including short-form videos) has become the most popular leisure activity in China. However, a few studies have reported the potential negative effects of online video watching behaviors (including the potential for 'addiction') among a minority of individuals. The present study investigated online video watching behaviors, motivational factors for watching online videos, and potentially addictive indicators of watching online videos. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 20 young Chinese adults. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Eight themes were identified comprising: (i) content is key; (ii) types of online video watching; (iii) platform function hooks; (iv) personal interests; (v) watching becoming habitual; (vi) social interaction needs; (vii) reassurance needs; and (viii) addiction-like symptoms. Specific video content (e.g., mukbang, pornography), platform-driven continuous watching, and short-form videos were perceived by some participants as being potentially addictive. Specific features or content on Chinese online video platforms (e.g., 'Danmu' scrolling comments) need further investigation. Future studies should explore users' addictive-like behaviors in relation to specific types of online video content and their social interaction on these platforms.

The complete chloroplast genome of Actinidia fulvicoma.

The species of genus Actinidia are economically and nutritionally important fruits with remarkably high vitamin C content. Here, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Actinidia fulvicoma (A. fulvicoma) using Illumina paired-end sequencing data. The cp genome is 157,339 bp in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 88,741 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 20,512 bp, and a pair of 24,043 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. A total of 131 genes, consisting of 85 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, were annotated in the A. fulvicoma cp genome. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the evolutionary position of A. fulvicoma within the genus Actinidia.

Encapsulating a Ni(II) molecular catalyst in photoactive metal-organic framework for highly efficient photoreduction of CO2.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO is a promising strategy for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and storing solar radiation as chemical energy. Here, we demonstrate that a molecular catalyst [NiII(bpet)(H2O)2] successfully encapsulated into a highly robust and visible-light responsive metal-organic framework (Ru-UiO-67) to fabricate composite catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The composite Ni@Ru-UiO-67 photocatalysts show efficient visible-light-driven CO2 reduction to CO with a TON of 581 and a selectivity of 99% after 20-h illumination, because of the facile electron transfer from Ru-photosensitizer to Ni(II) active sites in Ni@Ru-UiO-67 system. The mechanistic insights into photoreduction of CO2 have been studied based on thermodynamical, electrochemical, and spectroscopic investigation, together with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This work shows that encapsulating molecular catalyst into photoactive MOF highlights opportunities for designing efficient, stable and recyclable photocatalysts.

Integration of Lanthanide-Transition-Metal Clusters onto CdS Surfaces for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Heterometallic lanthanide-transition-metal (4f-3d) clusters with well-defined crystal structures integrate multiple metal centers and provide a platform for achieving synergistic catalytic effects. Herein, we present a strategy for enhanced hydrogen evolution by loading atomically precise 4f-3d clusters Ln52 Ni56 on a CdS photoabsorber surface. Interestingly, some Ni2+ ions in the clusters Ln52 Ni56 were exchanged by the Cd2+ to form Ln52 Ni56-x Cdx /CdS composites. Photocatalytic studies show that the efficient synergistic multipath charge separation and transfer from CdS to the Eu52 Ni56-x Cdx cluster enable high visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution at 25 353 µmol h-1 g-1 . This work provides the strategy to design highly active photocatalytic hydrogen evolution catalysts by assembling heterometallic 4f-3d clusters on semiconductor materials.

Photo-generated dinuclear {Eu(II)}2 active sites for selective CO2 reduction in a photosensitizing metal-organic framework.

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a promising approach to achieve solar-to-chemical energy conversion. However, traditional catalysts usually suffer from low efficiency, poor stability, and selectivity. Here we demonstrate that a large porous and stable metal-organic framework featuring dinuclear Eu(III)2 clusters as connecting nodes and Ru(phen)3-derived ligands as linkers is constructed to catalyze visible-light-driven CO2 reduction. Photo-excitation of the metalloligands initiates electron injection into the nodes to generate dinuclear {Eu(II)}2 active sites, which can selectively reduce CO2 to formate in a two-electron process with a remarkable rate of 321.9 µmol h-1 mmolMOF-1. The electron transfer from Ru metalloligands to Eu(III)2 catalytic centers are studied via transient absorption and theoretical calculations, shedding light on the photocatalytic mechanism. This work highlights opportunities in photo-generation of highly active lanthanide clusters stabilized in MOFs, which not only enables efficient photocatalysis but also facilitates mechanistic investigation of photo-driven charge separation processes.

Anion-Dependent Assembly of Heterometallic 3d-4f Clusters Based on a Lacunary Polyoxometalate.

A series of heterometallic 3d-4f clusters, formulated as Na17[Ln3(H2O)5NiII(H2O)3(Sb4O4)(SbW9O33)3(NiIIW6O24)(WO2)3(CH3COO)]·(H2O)65 [abbreviated as Ln3Ni2, where Ln = La3+ (1), Pr3+ (2), and Nd3+ (3)], K5Na11[Ln3(H2O)3NiII3(H2O)6(SbW9O33)3(WO4)(CO3)]·(H2O)40 [abbreviated as Ln3Ni3, where Ln = La3+ (4), Pr3+ (5), and Nd3+ (6)], and K3Na27[Ln3NiII9(µ3-OH)9(SbW9O33)2(PW9O34)3(CH3COO)3]·(H2O)80 [abbreviated as Ln3Ni9, where Ln = Dy3+ (7) and Er3+ (8)], were obtained through the reaction of the lacunary {SbW9O33} precursor with Ln(NO3)3·6H2O and NiCl2·6H2O in a NaAc/HAc buffer in the presence of different anions. Single-crystal X-ray structure analysis revealed that compounds 1-3 possessed tetrameric architectures featuring three Keggin-type {SbW9O33} and one Anderson-type {NiIIW6O24} building blocks encapsulating one {Sb4O4} cluster, three WO2 units, three Ln3+ metal ions, and two Ni2+ metal ions. Compounds 4-6 displayed cyclic trimeric aggregates of three {SbW9O33} units enveloping one CO32--templated trinuclear [Ln3(CO3)]7+ and one WO42--templated [NiII3(WO4)]+ unit. Compounds 7 and 8 exhibited unique pentameric architectures that featured three 3d-4f cubane clusters of {LnNi3(µ3-OH)3} capped by two {SbW9O33} and three {PW9O34} building blocks. Interestingly, the structural regulation of the heterometallic 3d-4f clusters in the polyoxometalate systems with trimers, tetramers, and pentamers was realized by introducing different anions.

Three Giant Lanthanide Clusters Ln37 (Ln = Gd, Tb, and Eu) Featuring A Double-Cage Structure.

Three homometallic high-nuclearity clusters, formulated as [(CO3)2@Ln37(LH3)8(CH3COO)21(CO3)12(µ3-OH)41(µ2-H2O)5(H2O)40]·(ClO4)21·(H2O)100 (abbreviated as Ln37, Ln = Gd (1); Tb (2); Eu (3), LH3 = 1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol) and featuring a double cage-like structure, were obtained through the reaction of 1,2,3-cyclohexanetriol, acetate ligand, and Ln(ClO4)3. The largest odd-numbered lanthanide cluster Gd37 exhibits an entropy change (-ΔSm) of 38.7 J kg-1 K-1.

Warming increases nutrient mobilization and gaseous nitrogen removal from sediments across cascade reservoirs.

Increases in water temperature, as a result of climate change, may influence biogeochemical cycles, sediment-water fluxes and consequently environmental sustainability. Effects of rising temperature on dynamics of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and gaseous nitrogen (N2 and N2O) were examined in a subtropical river (the Jiulong River, southeast China) by microcosm experiments. Slurry sediments and overlying water were collected from three continuous cascade reservoirs, and laboratory incubations were performed at four temperature gradients (5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C). Results indicated: (1) warming considerably increased sediment ammonium, DIN and DOC fluxes to overlying water; (2) warming increased retention of nitrate, and to a lesser extent, nitrite, corresponding to increases in N2 and N2O emission; (3) DRP was retained but released from Fe/Al-P enriched sediments at high temperature (35 °C) due to enhanced coupled transformation of carbon and nitrogen with oxygen deficiency. Using relationships between sediment fluxes and temperature, a projected 2.3°C-warming in future would increase ammonium flux from sediment by 7.0%-16.8%, while increasing nitrate flux into sediment by 8.9%-28.6%. Moreover, substrates (e.g., grain size, carbon availability) influenced nutrient delivery and cycling across cascade reservoirs. This study highlights that warming would increase bioreactive nutrient (i.e., ammonium and phosphate) mobilization with limited gaseous N removal from sediments, consequently deteriorating water quality and increasing eutrophication with future climate change.

Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Phase Transition and Segmented Thermochromic Luminescence in a Dynamic 3D Interpenetrated Ag(I) Coordination Network.

A new 3D Ag(I)-based coordination network, [Ag2(pz)(bdc)·H2O]n (1; pz = pyrazine and H2bdc = benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid), was constructed by one-pot assembly and structurally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at different temperatures. Upon cooling from 298 to 93 K, 1 undergo an interesting single-crystal to single-crystal phase transition from orthorhombic Ibca (Z = 16) to Pccn (Z = 32) at around 148 K. Both phases show a rare 2-fold-interpenetrated 4-connected lvt network but incorporate different [Ag2(COO)2] dimeric secondary building units. It is worth mentioning that complex 1 shows red- and blue-shifted luminescences in the 290-170 and 140-80 K temperature ranges, respectively. The variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies suggest that the argentophilic interactions and rigidity of the structure dominated the luminescence chromism trends at the respective temperature ranges. Upon being mechanically ground, 1 exhibits a slight mechanoluminescence red shift from 589 to 604 nm at 298 K.

A one-dimensional cadmium metal-organic chain based on a [Cd4(COO)4] secondary building unit and a flexible dicarboxylic acid ligand.

An infinite one-dimensional cadmium metal-organic chain, namely catena-poly[aquabis(µ3-2,2'-{[1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(sulfanediyl)}dibenzoato)dicadmium(II)], [Cd2(C22H16O4S2)2(H2O)]n, was synthesized by solvothermal reaction of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O and 2,2'-{[1,2-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis(sulfanediyl)}dibenzoic acid (H2L). The Cd(II) centres have six-coordinate CdS2O4 and CdSO5 geometries. Due to the flexible -CH2-S- arms, the L(2-) ligand adopts both syn and anti conformations. Four Cd(II) cations are linked by two syn L(2-) ligands to form a centrosymmetric planar tetranuclear Cd(II) core, which is further extended through bonding to the anti L(2-) ligands to form a one-dimensional metal-organic chain. Adjacent one-dimensional chains are connected by C-H···π interactions and nonclassical C-H···O hydrogen bonds to form the resultant three-dimensional supramolecular framework.

A novel one-dimensional silver cylinder stabilized by mixed 2-mercaptobenzoic acid and ethylenediamine ligands.

A novel infinite one-dimensional silver cylinder, namely poly[µ-ethylenediamine-µ(5)-(2-sulfanidylbenzoato)-µ(4)-(2-sulfanidylbenzoato)-tetrasilver(I)], [Ag(4)(C(7)H(4)O(2)S)(2)(C(2)H(8)N(2))](n), has been synthesized by one-pot reaction of equivalent molar silver nitrate and 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (H(2)mba) in the presence of ethylenediamine (eda). One Ag atom is located in an AgS(2)NO four-coordinated tetrahedral geometry, two other Ag atoms are in an AgS(2)O three-coordinated T-shaped geometry and the fourth Ag atom is in an AgSNO coordination environment. The two mba ligands show two different binding modes. The µ(2)-N:N'-eda ligand, acting as a bridge, combines with mba ligands to extend the Ag(I) ions into a one-dimensional silver cylinder incorporating abundant Ag···Ag interactions ranging from 2.9298 (11) to 3.2165 (13) Å. Interchain N-H···O hydrogen bonds extend the one-dimensional cylinder into an undulating two-dimensional sheet, which is further packed into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework by van der Waals interactions; no π-π interactions were observed in the crystal structure.

Stepwise construction of a Ag(I)9-Cu(II)4 heterometallic cluster incorporating two unusual vertex-shared trigonal-bipyramidal silver polyhedra.

One step at a time: A novel tridecanuclear Ag(I)(9)-Cu(II)(4) heterometallic cluster comprising four [Cu(phen)(2)](2+) units on the periphery and one interior [Ag(9)(mna)(8)](7-) cluster was synthesized in a stepwise manner and characterized. The interior [Ag(9)(mna)(8)](7-) cluster contains two unusual vertex-shared trigonal-bipyramidal silver polyhedra.