Comparative analysis of cumulative doses after two planned radiotherapy treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with different superposition methods / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To analyze the cumulative doses after two planned radiotherapy treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with direct superposition,rigid superposition and deformation superposition.Methods Twenty-four non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radical radiotherapy at some hospital were selected,who went through simulation positioning and radiotherapy treatment with modified plan after receiving 20 radiotherapy sessions.The cumulative dose after two planned radiotherapy treatments was calculated and compared with three methods including direct superposition,rigid superposition of Monaco treatment planning system and deformation superposition of MIM software.Results Direct superposition had the target dose the highest among those calculated by the three methods,followed by rigid superposition and deformation superposition in turn,and both rigid superposition and deformation superposition had significant differences with direct superposition(all P＜0.05).Among the three methods direct superposition had the V5,V10 and V15 of lung and Dmean of heart and esophagus the lowest,the V20 of lung similar to that by deformation superposition while lower than that by rigid superposition and the remained indexes the highest;of the cumulative doses calculated by rigid superposition only the V5 of lung and Dmean of heart were lower than those by deformation superposition.Pairwise comparisons between the three methods showed only the differences between the Dmax of esophagus were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The three superposition methods have differences when used to calculate the dose-volume parameters of the target areas and organs at risk,and different superposition methods have to be taken into considerations during clinical operations to avoid over-or under-assessment of the doses to tumor and normal tissue.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):49-54]

Epidemiological analysis of childhood cancer in China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological features of childhood cancer in China, and to provide some clues and basis for related academic research, the formulation of prevention and control strategy, and the construction of prevention and control system of childhood cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of childhood cancer in children aged 0-14 years which were published in Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report in 2009-2012 and from GLOBOCAN2012 database were collected. A descriptive statistical analysis was done to determine the distributions of incidence and mortality by time, area, age, and sex.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In China, the incidence of childhood cancer showed a slight fluctuation with time, while the mortality rate remained stable. The incidence of childhood cancer in China was lower than the world average, and it was much lower than in the United States and Japan. However, the mortality of childhood cancer in China was higher than that in the United States and Japan. The incidence of childhood cancer in Chinese urban areas was about 2 times that in Chinese rural areas, while the mortality in the urban and rural areas was similar. The incidence and the mortality of childhood cancer both declined with increasing age. The incidence and the mortality of childhood cancer in boys were higher than those in girls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence and mortality of childhood cancer in China show distribution characteristics by time, area, age, and sex, which can help to make clear the future direction of childhood cancer research and provide some ideas for the comprehensive prevention and control.</p>

Effect of Yindan Xinnaotong capsules on reactive nitrogen intermediates levels in the cerebral cortex and learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the effect of Yindan Xinnaotong capsules (YDXNT) on the reactive nitrogen intermediates in the cerebral cortex and learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,vehicle group and Yindan Xinnaotong capsule treatment group.The animal models of cerebral ischemia in the later two groups were established by two vessel occlusion.Yindan Xinnaotong capsule 60 mg/(kg·d) via inttragastric administration was given to the Yindan Xinnaotong capsule treatment group for a consecutive four weeks.The learning and memory ability changes were tested with Morris water maze and the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in the cerebral cortex were measured by colorimetric method.Results As compared with the vehicle group,the Yindan Xirnaotong capsule treatment group and sham-operated group had significantly shorter escape latency and longer searching time in the quadrant of primary platform (P＜0.05); As compared with the vehicle group,the Yindan Xinnaotong capsule treatment group had significant decreased contents of NO and iNOS in the cerebral cortex (P＜0.05).Conclusion Yindan Xinnaotong capsules can improve the learning and memory abilities of rats with cerebral ischemia by lowering the activity of NO and iNOS in the cerebral cortex.

Mg(2+) inhibits ATP-activated current mediated by rat P2X4 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes / 生理学报

To investigate the modulation of Mg(2+) on rat P2X4 receptors and its underlying mechanism, we transcribed cDNA coding for wild-type and mutant P2X4 receptors to cRNA in vitro, injected the cRNA to oocytes of Xenopus laevis using the microinjection technique and revealed the effect of Mg(2+) on ATP-activated currents (I(ATP)) mediated by P2X4 receptors using the two-electrode whole-cell voltage clamp technique. The effects of extracellular Mg(2+) on I(ATP) were as follows: (1) In oocytes expressing P2X4 receptors, Mg(2+) with concentration ranging from 0.5-10 mmol/L inhibited the amplitude of I(ATP) in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner, with a 50% inhibitory concentration value (IC(50)) of (1.24 ± 0.07) mmol/L for current activated by 100 μmol/L ATP. (2) Mg(2+) (1 mmol/L) shifted the dose-response curve for I(ATP) right-downward without changing the EC(50), but reduced the maximal current (E(max)) by (42.0 ± 2.1)%. (3) After being preincubated with Mg(2+) for 80 s, the inhibitory effect of the Mg(2+) on I(ATP) reached the maximum. (4) The inhibition of Mg(2+) on I(ATP) was independent of membrane potential from -120 mV to +60 mV. (5) Compared with the current activated by 100 μmol/L ATP in the wild-type P2X4 receptors, mutant P2X4 D280Q responded to the application of 100 μmol/L ATP with a smaller current. The peak current was only (4.12 ± 0.15)% of that seen in wild-type receptors. Mutant P2X4 D280E responded to ATP stimulation with a current similar to that observed in cells expressing wild-type receptors. (6) When Asp280 was removed from P2X4, the current amplitude of I(ATP) was increased almost one-fold, and Mg(2+) with concentration ranging from 0.5-10 mmol/L did not affect the I(ATP) significantly. The results suggest that Mg(2+) inhibits I(ATP) mediated by P2X4 receptors non-competitively, reversibly, concentration-dependently, time-dependently and voltage-independently. The inhibitory effect of Mg(2+) might be realized by acting on the site Asp280 of the P2X4 receptors.

Expression changes of brain natriuretic peptide in brain tissues of rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level in the　brain tissues of rats after focal ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Mature male Wistar rats were　randomly divided into sham-operated and ischemia-reperfusion groups. Focal cerebral　ischemia-reperfusion rat models in the ischemia-reperfusion group were established using Longa's　suture-occluded method.And the 2 groups were sub-grouped into 0,3,6,9,12,24,48 and 72 h,and 1and 2 w observation groups according to different times after ischemia-reperfusion. The pathological　changes in the brain tissues were observed by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Results HE　staining indicated that neuron degeneration,necrosis and tissue edema could be seen in the brain tissues　of rats after ischemic-reperfusion. The BNP levels in the ischemic-reperfusion sub-groups were　significantly higher than those in the sham-operative sub-groups at corresponding time points (P＜0.05);and the peak level of edema and BNP expression appeared at 48 h after reperfusion. Conclusion The　expression of BNP in the brain tissues of rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion increases,which　might be related to the cerebral edema.

Effects of chronic multiple stress on learning and memory and the expression of Fyn, BDNF, TrkB in the hippocampus of rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The effect of chronic stress on cognitive functions has been one of the hot topics in neuroscience. But there has been much controversy over its mechanism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic multiple stress on spatial learning and memory as well as the expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult rats were randomly divided into control and chronic multiple stressed groups. Rats in the multiple stressed group were irregularly and alternatively exposed to situations of vertical revolution, sleep expropriation and restraint lasting for 6 weeks, 6 hours per day with night illumination for 6 weeks. Before and after the period of chronic multiple stresses, the performance of spatial learning and memory of all rats was measured using the Morris Water Maze (MWM). The expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins in the hippocampus was assayed by Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. The levels of Fyn and TrkB mRNAs in the hippocampus of rats were detected by RT-PCR technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The escape latency in the control group and the stressed group were 15.63 and 8.27 seconds respectively. The performance of spatial learning and memory of rats was increased in chronic multiple stressed group (P < 0.05). The levels of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins in the stressed group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The results of immunoreactivity showed that Fyn was present in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and BDNF positive particles were distributed in the nuclei of CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells as well as DG granular cells. Quantitative analysis indicated that level of Fyn mRNA was also upregulated in the hippocampus of the stressed group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Chronic multiple stress can enhance spatial learning and memory function of rats. The expression of Fyn, BDNF and TrkB proteins and the level of Fyn mRNA are increased in the stessed rat hippocampus. These suggest that Fyn and BDNF/TrkB signal transduction pathways may participate in the process of the enhanced learning and memory during chronic multiple stress.</p>

Effect of Intravenous Nutrition on Immune Function in Premature Infants / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the effect of intravenous nutrition on blood serum triglyceride (TG),humoral immunity and cellular immunity function in premature infants.Methods Sixty premature infants were randomly divided into 3 groups:amino acid group (group A),amino acid plus medium-long chain fatty group (group B) and amino acid plus long chain fatty group (group C).Amino acid and the fatty were used on them from 24 hours after their birth,started from 1.0 g/(kg?d),increased progressively 0.5 g/(kg?d) until 3.0 g/(kg?d),totally 7 days.TG and immunoglobulin IgA,IgM,IgG,complement C3,C4 and T-lymphocyte subsets CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8 and NK cell were checked in the first day before treatment and the ninth day after treatment.Results Compared with before treatment,TG of 3 groups were elevated(Pa0.05).Compared with group A and B,NK cell in group C were decreased obviously(Pa