A cross-sectional study of the association between heavy metals and pan-cancers associated with sex hormones in NHANES 1999-2018.

Given the complexity of tumorigenesis, numerous studies have also shown that excessive exposure to heavy metals increases the risk of cancers and disrupts the secretion of sex hormones. However, the specific effects of heavy metals on cancers remain to be proven. To confirm the association between heavy metals and pan-cancer sex hormone levels among adults, 94,337 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were assessed. We examined the associations between pan-cancers associated with sex hormones (ovarian, testicular, breast, and prostate cancers) and heavy metals in blood/urine. The methods (the WQS (weighted quantile sums) and SVYGLM (survey generalized linear model) regressions) were used to evaluate the association between sex hormone-related cancers and each metal category by incorporating covariates. To evaluate the overall effect of heavy metals and detect the dose-response relationship between the prevalence of pan-cancers associated with sex hormones and heavy metals, RCS (restricted cubic splines) were applied. Environmental exposure to heavy metals may be associated with pan-cancers associated with sex hormones in adults in the USA. Prostate cancer was inversely associated with blood cadmium while positively associated with blood lead, urinary tin, and thallium. Breast cancer was inversely associated with blood lead. Ovarian cancer was positively associated with blood cadmium. We also found a non-linear dose-response relationship between pan-cancers associated with sex hormones and heavy metals, which was non-parametric, using RCS models. The OR for breast cancer decreased along with the increase in lead concentration under approximately 20 µg/dl, while the OR for prostate cancer increased between urine thallium levels of approximately 0.17-1.1 ng/ml. Pan-cancers associated with sex hormones are associated with exposure to heavy metals. Considering the design of the NHANES study, further studies need to be conducted on other nationally representative surveys.

Ultrawide Color Gamut Perovskite and CdSe/ZnS Quantum-Dots-Based White Light-Emitting Diode with High Luminous Efficiency.

We demonstrate excellent color quality of liquid-type white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) using a combination of green light-emitting CsPbBr3 and red light-emitting CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Previously, we reported red (CsPbBr1.2I1.8) and green (CsPbBr3) perovskite QDs (PQDs)-based WLEDs with high color gamut, which manifested fast anion exchange and stability issues. Herein, the replacement of red PQDs with CdSe/ZnS QDs has resolved the aforementioned problems effectively and improved both stability and efficiency. Further, the proposed liquid-type device possesses outstanding color gamut performance (132% of National Television System Committee and 99% of Rec. 2020). It also shows a high efficiency of 66 lm/W and an excellent long-term operation stability for over 1000 h.