Association of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 protein with new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that the soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 protein (sST2) is associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the predictive value of sST2 in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been well studied. Methods: A total of 580 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were consecutively recruited between January 2021 and January 2023. These patients were then categorized into two groups: the NOAF group and the no NOAF groups based on the presence of NOAF during admission. The concentration of sST2 in blood samples was measured in all patients. The clinical data from the two groups were prospectively analyzed to investigate the predictive factors of NOAF in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Results: A total of 41 (7.1%) patients developed NOAF. The presence of NOAF has been found to be associated with various factors, including age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, the left atrial (LA) diameter, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein (CRP), sST2, a Killip class of ≥2, and a final TIMI flow grade of <3. After including multiple factors, it was observed that LA diameter, CRP, sST2, a Killip class of ≥2, and a final TIMI flow grade of <3 remained significant risk factors for developing NOAF. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the following findings: (1) when the LA diameter exceeded 38.5 mm, the sensitivity and specificity values were observed to be 67.2% and 68.2%, respectively, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.683 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.545-0.732; p = 0.003]; (2) when the CRP level exceeded 8.59, the sensitivity and specificity values were observed to be 68.6% and 69.2%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.713 (95% CI: 0.621-0.778; p < 0.001); and (3) when the sST2 value exceeded 53.3, the sensitivity and specificity values were 79.2% and 68.7%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.675-0.865; p < 0.001). Conclusion: sST2 has been identified as an independent predictor of NOAF in patients with STEMI undergoing PCI.

Research Progress of BAP1 in Structure, Function, and Cancer.

Cancer is an important chronic non-communicable disease that endangers human health and has become the main cause of death of residents around the world in the 21st century. At present, most of the mature treatment methods stay at the level of cell and tissue, which is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of cancer. Therefore, explaining the pathogenesis of cancer at the molecular level becomes the answer to the key problem of cancer regulation. BRCA-associated protein 1 (brca1- associated protein 1) is a kind of ubiquitination enzyme encoded by the BAP1 gene and composed of 729 amino acids. As a carcinogenic protein, BAP1 can affect the cancer cell cycle and proliferation capacity, mutation, and deletion. For example, depending on catalytic activity, it participates in the regulation of intracellular function through transcription, epigenetic, and DNA damage repair. This article mainly reviews the basic structure and function of BAP1 in cells, its role in cancer development, and cancer-related mutants.

Electrical-gate-controlled giant tunneling magnetoresistance and its quasi-periodic oscillation in an interlaced magnetic-electric silicene superlattice.

In this work, we propose a silicene-based lateral resonant tunneling device by placing silicene under the superlattices interlaced, arranged by ferromagnetic gates and electric gates. Its ballistic transport properties are calculated by the transfer matrix method. Combined with the unique electrically tuned energy gap of silicene, its magnetoresistance (MR) can be exaggeratedly modulated over a wide range by applying electrostatic potential and the on-site potential difference. It is interestingly found that there is a quasi-periodic oscillation of the MR in silicene-based superlattice devices from the quantum resonant confinement of the band splitting by the electrostatic field. Moreover, the peak of the MR in a single-period structure can reach more than 104, while the peak of the MR in an interlaced alternating magnetic-electric silicene superlattice can reach more than 1017, which is one of the best-reported values. This may originate from the enhancement effect of the wave vector filtering by the controlled field. Our studies indicate that the silicene superlattices alternately arranged by the ferromagnetic gate and electric gate not only have giant MR (GMR) properties, but also exhibit the periodic oscillation characteristics of MR in which electric gates can be modulated. Therefore, this work provides a more flexible strategy for the construction of silicene-based nanoelectronic devices.

Nucleon Transversity Distribution in the Continuum and Physical Mass Limit from Lattice QCD.

We report a state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculation of the isovector quark transversity distribution of the proton in the continuum and physical mass limit using large-momentum effective theory. The calculation is done at four lattice spacings a={0.098,0.085,0.064,0.049} fm and various pion masses ranging between 220 and 350 MeV, with proton momenta up to 2.8 GeV. The result is nonperturbatively renormalized in the hybrid scheme with self-renormalization, which treats the infrared physics at large correlation distance properly, and extrapolated to the continuum, physical mass, and infinite momentum limit. We also compare with recent global analyses for the nucleon isovector quark transversity distribution.

Pion and Kaon Distribution Amplitudes from Lattice QCD.

We present a state-of-the-art lattice QCD calculation of the pion and kaon light-cone distribution amplitudes (DAs) using large-momentum effective theory. The calculation is done at three lattice spacings a≈{0.06,0.09,0.12} fm and physical pion and kaon masses, with the meson momenta P_{z}={1.29,1.72,2.15} GeV. The result is nonperturbatively renormalized in a recently proposed hybrid scheme with self-renormalization, and extrapolated reliably to the continuum as well as the infinite momentum limit. We find a significant deviation of the pion and kaon DAs from the asymptotic form, and a large SU(3) flavor breaking effect in the kaon DA.

Renormalization of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Parton Distribution on the Lattice.

To calculate the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) from lattice QCD, an important goal yet to be realized, it is crucial to establish a viable nonperturbative renormalization approach for linear divergences in the corresponding Euclidean quasi-TMDPDF correlators in large-momentum effective theory. We perform a first systematic study of the renormalization property of the quasi-TMDPDFs by calculating the relevant matrix elements in a pion state at five lattice spacings ranging from 0.03 fm to 0.12 fm. We demonstrate that the square root of the Wilson loop combined with the short distance hadron matrix element provides a successful method to remove all ultraviolet divergences of the quasi-TMD operator, and thus provides the necessary justification to perform a continuum limit calculation of TMDPDFs. In contrast, the popular regularization independent momentum subtraction renormalization (RI/MOM) scheme fails to eliminate all linear divergences.

Distribution Amplitudes of K

We present the first lattice QCD calculation of the distribution amplitudes of longitudinally and transversely polarized vector mesons K^{*} and ϕ using large momentum effective theory. We use the clover fermion action on three ensembles with 2+1+1 flavors of highly improved staggered quarks action, generated by the MIMD Lattice Computation Collaboration, at physical pion mass and {0.06,0.09,0.12} fm lattice spacings and choose three different hadron momenta P_{z}={1.29,1.72,2.15} GeV. The resulting lattice matrix elements are nonperturbatively renormalized in a recently proposed hybrid scheme. An extrapolation to the continuum and infinite momentum limit is carried out. We find that, while the longitudinal distribution amplitudes tend to be close to the asymptotic form, the transverse ones deviate rather significantly from the asymptotic form. Our final results provide crucial ab initio theory inputs for analyzing pertinent exclusive processes.

Lattice QCD Calculations of Transverse-Momentum-Dependent Soft Function through Large-Momentum Effective Theory.

The transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) soft function is a key ingredient in QCD factorization of Drell-Yan and other processes with relatively small transverse momentum. We present a lattice QCD study of this function at moderately large rapidity on a 2+1 flavor CLS dynamic ensemble with a=0.098 fm. We extract the rapidity-independent (or intrinsic) part of the soft function through a large-momentum-transfer pseudoscalar meson form factor and its quasi-TMD wave function using leading-order factorization in large-momentum effective theory. We also investigate the rapidity-dependent part of the soft function-the Collins-Soper evolution kernel-based on the large-momentum evolution of the quasi-TMD wave function.

Proton Mass Decomposition from the QCD Energy Momentum Tensor.

We report results on the proton mass decomposition and also on related quark and glue momentum fractions. The results are based on overlap valence fermions on four ensembles of N_{f}=2+1 domain wall fermion configurations with three lattice spacings and three volumes, and several pion masses including the physical pion mass. With fully nonperturbative renormalization (and universal normalization on both quark and gluon), we find that the quark energy and glue field energy contribute 32(4)(4)% and 36(5)(4)% respectively in the MS[over ¯] (modified minimal substraction) scheme at µ=2 GeV. A quarter of the trace anomaly gives a 23(1)(1)% contribution to the proton mass based on the sum rule, given 9(2)(1)% contribution from the u, d, and s quark scalar condensates. The u, d, s, and glue momentum fractions in the MS[over ¯] scheme are in good agreement with global analyses at µ=2 GeV.

Gluon Quasi-Parton-Distribution Functions from Lattice QCD.

We present the first attempt to access the x dependence of the gluon unpolarized parton-distribution function (PDF), based on lattice simulations using the large-momentum effective theory approach. The lattice calculation is carried out with pion masses of 340 and 678 MeV on a (2+1)-flavor domain-wall fermion configuration with lattice spacing a=0.111 fm, for the gluon quasi-PDF matrix element with the nucleon momentum up to 0.93 GeV. Taking the normalization from similar matrix elements in the rest frame of the nucleon and pion, our results for these matrix elements are consistent with the Fourier transform of the global fit CT14 and PDF4LHC15 NNLO of the gluon PDF, within statistical uncertainty and the systematic one up to power corrections, perturbative O(α_{s}) matching and the mixing from the quark PDFs.

Proton Isovector Helicity Distribution on the Lattice at Physical Pion Mass.

We present a state-of-the-art calculation of the isovector quark-helicity Bjorken-x distribution in the proton using lattice-QCD ensembles at the physical pion mass. We compute quasidistributions at proton momenta P_{z}∈{2.2,2.6,3.0} GeV on the lattice and match them systematically to the physical parton distribution using the large-momentum effective theory. We reach an unprecedented precision through high statistics in simulations, large-momentum proton matrix elements, and control of excited-state contamination. The resulting distribution with combined statistical and systematic errors is in agreement with the latest phenomenological analysis of the spin-dependent experimental data, in particular, Δu[over ¯](x)>Δd[over ¯](x).

Effect of Circular ANRIL on the Inflammatory Response of Vascular Endothelial Cells in a Rat Model of Coronary Atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aims to investigate the role of circular antisense non-coding RNA at the INK4 locus (cANRIL) in the inflammatory response of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in a rat model of coronary atherosclerosis (AS). A rat model of AS was established with rats that were injected with a large dose of vitamin D3 and fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control, model, empty vector, over-expressed cANRIL and low-expressed cANRIL groups (12 rats in each group). Sixteen weeks later, the ultrastructure of their coronary arteries was observed via transmission electron microscopy. Rat serum lipid levels were analyzed using an automatic biochemical analyzer, and their atherogenic index (AI) values were calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the endothelial morphology of rats. Additionally, rat EC apoptosis was tested via a TUNEL assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were applied to measure serum levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The cANRIL, Bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3 mRNA expression levels were measured with a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression levels of Bax, bcl-2 and caspase-3 were detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the control group, ECs were closely arranged with normal structures, and there was no proliferation. In the model, empty vector and over-expressed cANRIL groups, some cells were not present, and atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi appeared. However, in the under-expressed cANRIL group, the cells had a normal structure. Compared with the model and empty vector groups, the levels of total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein (LDL), IL-1, IL-6, MMP-9, CRP, cANRIL, Bax, and caspase-3, AI values, and rates of EC apoptosis decreased in the low-expressed cANRIL group, while HDL (high density lipoprotein) levels and mRNA and protein expression levels of bcl-2 were increased. The changes in expression levels in the over-expressed cANRIL group were the opposite of those in the low-expressed cANRIL group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that reduced cANRIL expression could prevent coronary AS by reducing vascular EC apoptosis and inflammatory factor expression.

Glue Spin and Helicity in the Proton from Lattice QCD.

We report the first lattice QCD calculation of the glue spin in the nucleon. The lattice calculation is carried out with valence overlap fermions on 2+1 flavor domain-wall fermion gauge configurations on four lattice spacings and four volumes including an ensemble with physical values for the quark masses. The glue spin S_{G} in the Coulomb gauge in the modified minimal subtraction (MS[over ¯]) scheme is obtained with one-loop perturbative matching. We find the results fairly insensitive to lattice spacing and quark masses. We also find that the proton momentum dependence of S_{G} in the range 0≤|p[over →]|<1.5 GeV is very mild, and we determine it in the large-momentum limit to be S_{G}=0.251(47)(16) at the physical pion mass in the MS[over ¯] scheme at µ^{2}=10 GeV^{2}. If the matching procedure in large-momentum effective theory is neglected, S_{G} is equal to the glue helicity measured in high-energy scattering experiments.

Strange Quark Magnetic Moment of the Nucleon at the Physical Point.

We report a lattice QCD calculation of the strange quark contribution to the nucleon's magnetic moment and charge radius. This analysis presents the first direct determination of strange electromagnetic form factors including at the physical pion mass. We perform a model-independent extraction of the strange magnetic moment and the strange charge radius from the electromagnetic form factors in the momentum transfer range of 0.051 GeV^{2}≲Q^{2}≲1.31 GeV^{2}. The finite lattice spacing and finite volume corrections are included in a global fit with 24 valence quark masses on four lattices with different lattice spacings, different volumes, and four sea quark masses including one at the physical pion mass. We obtain the strange magnetic moment G_{M}^{s}(0)=-0.064(14)(09)µ_{N}. The four-sigma precision in statistics is achieved partly due to low-mode averaging of the quark loop and low-mode substitution to improve the statistics of the nucleon propagator. We also obtain the strange charge radius ⟨r_{s}^{2}⟩_{E}=-0.0043(16)(14) fm^{2}.

Lattice study of radiative J/ψ decay to a tensor glueball.

The radiative decay of J/ψ into a pure gauge tensor glueball is studied in the quenched lattice QCD formalism. With two anisotropic lattices, the multipole amplitudes E1(0), M2(0), and E3(0) are obtained to be 0.114(12)(6) GeV, -0.011(5)(1) GeV, and 0.023(8)(1) GeV, respectively. The first error comes from the statistics, the Q2 interpolation, and the continuum extrapolation, while the second is due to the uncertainty of the scale parameter r0(-1)=410(20) MeV. Thus, the partial decay width Γ(J/ψ→γG(2++)) is estimated to be 1.01(22)(10) keV, which corresponds to a large branch ratio 1.1(2)(1)×10(-2). The phenomenological implication of this result is also discussed.

Scalar glueball in radiative J/ψ decay on the lattice.

The form factors in the radiative decay of J/ψ to a scalar glueball are studied within quenched lattice QCD on anisotropic lattices. The continuum extrapolation is carried out by using two different lattice spacings. With the results of these form factors, the partial width of J/ψ radiatively decaying into the pure gauge scalar glueball is predicted to be 0.35(8) keV, which corresponds to a branching ratio of 3.8(9)×10(-3). By comparing with experiments, out results indicate that f0(1710) has a larger overlap with the pure gauge glueball than other related scalar mesons.