Microbiological Mechanisms of Collaborative Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil with Bacillus cereus and Lawn Plants.

Severe cadmium contamination poses a serious threat to food security and human health. Plant-microbial combined remediation represents a potential technique for reducing heavy metals in soil. The main objective of this study is to explore the remediation mechanism of cadmium-contaminated soil using a combined approach of lawn plants and microbes. The target bacterium Bacillus cereus was selected from cadmium-contaminated soil in mining areas, and two lawn plants (Festuca arundinacea A'rid III' and Poa pratensis M'idnight II') were chosen as the target plants. We investigated the remediation effect of different concentrations of bacterial solution on cadmium-contaminated soil using two lawn plants through pot experiments, as well as the impact on the soil microbial community structure. The results demonstrate that Bacillus cereus promotes plant growth, and the combined action of lawn plants and Bacillus cereus improves soil quality, enhancing the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil. At a bacterial suspension concentration of 105 CFU/mL, the optimal remediation treatment was observed. The removal efficiency of cadmium in the soil under Festuca arundinacea and Poa pratensis treatments reached 33.69% and 33.33%, respectively. Additionally, the content of bioavailable cadmium in the rhizosphere soil increased by up to 13.43% and 26.54%, respectively. Bacillus cereus increased the bacterial diversity in the non-rhizosphere soil of both lawn plants but reduced it in the rhizosphere soil. Additionally, the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Firmicutes, which have potential for heavy metal remediation, increased after the application of the bacterial solution. This study demonstrates that Bacillus cereus can enhance the potential of lawn plants to remediate cadmium-contaminated soil and reshape the microbial communities in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.

Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine combined with conventional medicine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) combined with conventional Western Medicine (CWM) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) based on high-quality randomized placebo-controlled trials. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases for randomized placebo-controlled trials of CHM treatment for AECOPD from inception to June 4, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to assess the risk of bias and the evidence quality of the included studies. Revman 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 9 trials involving 1591 patients were included. The Meta-analysis showed that based on CWM treatment, CHM group had significant advantages over the placebo group in ameliorating clinical total effective rate [ = 1.29, 95% (1.07, 1.56), = 0.007, low quality] and TCM symptom scores [ = -2.99, 95% (-4.46, -1.53), < 0.0001, moderate quality], improving arterial blood gas results [PaO: = 4.51, 95% (1.97, 7.04), = 0.0005, moderate quality; PaCO: = -2.87, 95% (-4.28, -1.46), < 0.0001, moderate quality], reducing CAT scores [ = -2.08, 95% (-2.85, -1.31), < 0.000 01, moderate quality]，length of hospitalization [ = -1.87, 95% (-3.33, -0.42), = 0.01, moderate quality], and acute exacerbation rate [ = 0.60, 95% (0.43, 0.83), = 0.002, moderate quality]. No serious CHM-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence indicates that CHM is an effective and well-tolerated adjunct therapy for AECOPD patients receiving CWM. However, considering the high heterogeneity, this conclusion requires confirmation.

Comparative Study of Quality of Life Assessment Scales for Bronchiectasis and Thinking of Development of Scales Based on the Mode of Combination of Disease and Syndrome / 中医杂志

This paper summarized the current status of the commonly used quality of life assessment scales of bronchiectasis （BE） at home and abroad， and compared the characteristics and differences of each scale from the basic framework， domain， item pool， application status and quality assessment， so as to provide a basis for the development and application of scales based on the mode of combination of disease and syndrome. There are currently 12 assessment tools for evaluating the quality of life in BE with good reliability， validity， and responsiveness， but only quality of life - bronchiectasis （QOL-B） and bronchiectasis health questionnaire （BHQ） are specifically developed for BE patients. The development process of these scales is mostly rooted in western culture and modern medicine， making it difficult to highlight the characteristics and advantages of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The content of the scales lacks the outcome indicators that BE patients are most concerned about， and cannot fully reflect the subjective feelings of patients. The development and assessment of scales lacks clinical research data and methodological support. Under the guidance of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， the development of scales based on the mode of combination of disease and syndrome can emerge the characteristics of TCM， reflect the true feelings of patients， and make up for the limitations of the existing scales of BE. Therefore， based on domestic and international scales， factors of China's national conditions and cultural characteristics of TCM should be considered to develop the scale suitable for Chinese people， which requires the construction of a theoretical model for the combination of disease and syndrome， by taking patients as the center and evaluating the performance and quality of the scale.

Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during corona virus disease 2019 epidemic (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Application of modified mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) in probationary teaching of dermatology and venereology for eight-year program students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application of modified mini-clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) in the probationary teaching of dermatology and venereology for eight-year program students.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, a modified Mini-CEX was used to grade 58 eight-year program students at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University at the early, middle, and late stages of the probationary teaching of dermatology and venereology. The modifications included refining various evaluation indicators. Specifically, medical history collection involved dynamic changes in rashes, negative symptoms with differential diagnostic significance, past history/personal history/family history, and other important medical history; physical examination involved the specialized condition of rashes, systematic physical examination, and negative signs with differential diagnostic significance; humanistic care involved caring for patients, health education, and privacy protection; clinical judgment involved principles of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment; communication skills involved proficiency, prioritization, and body language; organizational effectiveness involved time allocation, patient compliance, and preparation work; overall performance involved calmness and fluency, neat writing, and preliminary clinical thinking. SPSS 20.0 was used to perform the t test. Results:Compared with the early stage of probation, the 58 eight-year program students improved their scores in clinical comprehensive ability evaluation and scores in each specific evaluation at the middle and late stages of probation ( P < 0.001). The dynamic changes in rashes and the specialized situation of rashes (identification and description of rashes) were specific to this discipline. Conclusion:The modified Mini-CEX is an objective, comprehensive, concise, and efficient assessment tool, which meets the needs of teaching reform and practice of dermatology and venereology.

Mechanism of heroin promoting addiction and relapse in progeny of male rats by inhibiting promoter methylation of imprinted gene H19 by down-regulating DNMT3a / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of heroin use in male rats of F0 generation on heroin addiction and relapse in rats of Fl generation and the underlying mechanism. Methods Male rats of F0 generation were treated with different doses of heroin (1, 3, 9 mg • kg

Effects of salidroside on cerebral vascular endothelial cells in MCAO rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effect of salidroside (SAL) on cerebral vascular endothelial cells of rats with ischemic brain injury and its mechanism of action. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult SD male rats were prepared by bolt plugging method to prepare MCAO models,and randomly divided into sham surgery group ( Sham ) , model group ( MCAO ) , and SAL administration group (MCAO + SAL) ,and the concentration of SAL was 50 mg • kg ~ , with a continuous administration for six days. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 , E-se-lectin,and P-selectin in injured brain tissue of rats. In vitro cell experiments using HUVECs were subjected to different concentrations of salidroside (0. 1,1,10 jjunol • L ) and LPS (100

Treatment Strategy in Atrial Tachycardia Originating From the Atrial Appendage.

Background: Atrial appendage tachycardia (AAT) originating from the atrial appendage (AA) is extremely difficult to eliminate using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The optimal management strategy for AAT refractory to RFCA remains unclear. Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-term result of ablative therapy and the optimal alternative management for AAT refractory to RFCA. Methods: A total of 51 patients with AAT originating from the AA undergoing RFCA were recruited. Video-assisted atrial appendectomy and oral ivabradine were performed on those with AATs refractory to RFCA, and this study aimed to evaluate their safety and long-term efficacy. Results: We included 51 patients (51/586, 8.7%) with AATs confirmed by activation mapping and contrast venography. Among them, there were 28 (54.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA. In total, 14 (27.4%) AATs were refractory to RFCA, including 13 originating from the distal AA and one arising from the proximal AA. Ten of 11 (90.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA were eliminated after an atrial appendectomy, and the other three AATs were suppressed using oral ivabradine. Origins from the distal AA refractory to RFCA and early age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years indicated the need for atrial appendectomy. No major complications occurred, and nine patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy fully recovered. Long-term success was achieved in 98.0% of patients with multiple treatment managements. Conclusion: AATs originating from the distal AA were more refractory to RFCA. RFCA was the cornerstone of AAT catheter ablation. Video-assisted thoracoscopic atrial appendectomy was an effective strategy for those origins at the distal AA and the age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years. Ivabradine represents a promising treatment for AAT temporarily in pediatric and young adult patients.

The influence of transarterial chemoembolization on serum levels of soluble programed cell death ligand-1 in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

AIMS: To investigate the implications of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 (sPD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and to evaluate the potential value of sPD-L1 to guide selection of the optimal time to begin combination therapy with TACE and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one HCC patients suitable for TACE and 55 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Three milliliters of peripheral venous blood of patients were collected on 1 day before TACE and 3, 7, and 30 days after TACE respectively for assay of sPD-L1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The associations of the sPD-L1 level with the clinical features, outcomes, and the fluctuation of sPD-L1 during the treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial sPD-L1 level of patients was significantly higher than that of the control group. And it was significantly associated with BCLC stage, portal venous invasion, tumor size, and number of foci. The sPD-L1 levels of 3 and 7 days after TACE were both significantly higher than the initial level. And that of 30 days after TACE was lower than the initial level, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference of sPD-L1 level after embolization with embolic beads of different size. The level of sPD-L1 of CR patients was lower than that of PR, SD patients, but the differences were not significant. CONCLUSION: The level of sPD-L1 was associated with tumor aggressiveness and outcomes, suggesting its role as a possible predictive biomarker. The increases in sPD-L1 after TACE suggests that combined treatment with TACE and ICIs may be a promising therapeutic strategy in HCC. One week after TACE might be a suitable time to begin the administration of immunotherapy.

The identification, logic and enlightenments of intra-urban place communities in China.

Spatial agglomeration phenomena on the earth permeate in various fields of the natural and human world, yet their researches in human society are relatively few with the focus mainly on the economic concept of "industrial clusters". Precise quantitative descriptions, in-depth logical analyses and proper application approaches for urban planning are lacked in various intra-urban spatial agglomeration phenomena. By using over 10 million POIs in the mainland China, 18 grid network models with two varieties of spatial relationships (co-location/adjacent) are constructed in this article. 23 typical place communities are extracted based on complex network analysis, and four types of agglomeration driving forces are summarized. A comprehensive demonstration displaying the application process of co-location/adjacent place matrices in auxiliary decision of the implanted place types is carried out with the example of the revitalization project of Taoxichuan Area in the city of Jingdezhen.

Historical Evolution and Modern Research Progress of Rehmanniae Radix / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Rehmanniae Radix is a common medicine of traditional Chinese medicine， which has the function of nourishing Yin and tonifying the kidney， and has a long application history of processing. This medicine was first recorded in Synopsis of Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》）， which was mainly produced by steaming and boiling. Its processing materials were diverse. In addition to rice wine， honey， Amomi Fructus， milk， Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum， and Carthami Flos were also recorded in ancient books， but with the evolution of time， the characteristic excipients gradually disappeared. Based on this， starting with different excipients， the author consulted the classics of materia medica and processing specifications in various regions， sorted out the historical evolution of Rehmanniae Radix processing， and explored new methods and new ideas to exert the maximum efficacy on this basis. At the same time， the effects of different processing excipients on the chemical components and pharmacodynamic effects of Rehmanniae Radix were analyzed. After literature review， it was found that Rehmanniae Radix mainly had the effects of clearing heat and cooling blood， nourishing Yin and generating fluid. Its traditional processing excipients generally used rice wine， Carthami Flos and others. After processing with different excipients， there was different effects on the chemical components and pharmacological effects of Rehmanniae Radix. In summary， this paper can provide useful reference for standardized research on different processed products of Rehmanniae Radix.

Progress in the research of medial column reconstruction of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly / 中国骨伤

The proximal medial column of the humerus is a continuous cortical region in the inner and lower part of the humerus head, which has attracted more and more attention in clinical and scientific research since it was proposed. It has been shown to increase the stability of internal fixation, maintain the height of the humeral head to prevent varus, and reduce the risk of screw penetration. Biomechanical studies have also shown that the medial column has an outstanding performance in increasing the stiffness, torsion resistance, and shear resistance of the locking plate. Although it has many benefits, there is no unified definition of its concept and specific region, and the existing classification does not include the medial column, therefore more researches are required to provide supporting information. The methods of medial column reconstruction mainly include locking plate combined with talus screw, locking plate combined with bone grafting, internal and external double plate combined support, locking plate combined with bone cement, and humeral cage. These methods have their own characteristics, however they will increase the cost of surgery and bring new complications. How to determine the best way of reconstruction is one of the focuses of future research. In this review, the concept of the proximal medial humerus column, the role of maintaining internal fixation, the role of biomechanics and the reconstruction methods are reviewed.

Evaluation of the correlation between the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation and sleep belief in adolescents with drug naive first episode insomnia disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the brain function and their correlation with sleep beliefs and attitudes in adolescents with drug naive insomnia by using fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation, so as to provide a reference for the mechanism and treatment of insomnia.@*Methods@#An insomnia group ( n =21) recruited first episode, drug naive, adolescents with insomnia who met the diagnostic criteria of the American Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-V). Healthy subjects matched with age, gender, and educational background were selected as the control group ( n =20). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), Brief Version of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep (DBAS-16), 24 Items Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), 14 Items Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA-14) were evaluated. Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation was used for analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis was employed to quantify the correlation between peak values of brain regions with significant differences and the clinical scale scores of the two groups.@*Results@#Compared with the control group, ractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation(fALFF) values in the insomnia group were significantly decreased ( P <0.01, Alphaism corrected) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (L-DLPFC, MNI coordinates: -12, 60, 21, t =-3.85, K =495) and the left precuneus (MNI coordinates: -3, -54, 51, t =-4.29, K =417). The fALFF value of L-DLPFC in the insomnia group was positively correlated with DBAS-16 score ( r= 0.47 , P = 0.04 ).@*Conclusion@#Abnormalities in the L-DLPFC region suggest that adolescents with insomnia may suffer from impaired regulation of emotional and cognitive activities related to sleep.

Development and validation of multilayer perceptual neural network in glomerular filtration rate evaluation / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To develop a neural network model for the evaluation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on multilayer perceptual neural network, and to compare with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula (C-GFR cr) and the evaluation formula (EPI-GFR cr) of the American Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) for the clinical applicability of multilayer perceptual neural network model in evaluating GFR. Methods:A total of 684 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients used for developing a modified version of China′s based creatinine GFR evaluation formula were taken as the research object. The data of 454 patients were randomly selected as the development group and the data of the other 230 patients were as the verification group. The multilayer perceptual neural network GFR evaluation model (M-GFR cr) was established. With the double plasma GFR as the reference value (rGFR), the correlation, mean difference, mean absolute difference, precision and accuracy of C-GFR cr, EPI-GFR cr and M-GFR cr were compared. Results:Among the 684 CKD patients, there were 352 males and 332 females, with age of (49.9±15.8) years. The correlation between M-GFR cr and rGFR was the highest (Pearson correlation =0.93, P<0.001). The mean difference of M-GFR cr was lower than that of C-GFR cr ( Z=9.929, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( Z=10.573, P<0.001). The mean absolute difference of M-GFR cr was also lower than that of C-GFR cr ( Z=3.953, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( Z=4.210, P<0.001). The accuracy of ±15% of M-GFR cr was higher than that of C-GFR cr ( χ2=26.068, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( χ2=23.154, P<0.001). The accuracy of ±30% of M-GFR cr was also higher than that of C-GFR cr ( χ2=8.264, P=0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( χ2=11.963, P=0.001). The results of different stages of CKD showed that in the early stage of CKD (CKD 1-2), the mean difference of M-GFR cr was lower than that of C-GFR cr ( Z=7.401, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( Z=8.096, P<0.001); the mean absolute difference of M-GFR cr was also lower than that of C-GFR cr ( Z=4.723, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( Z=4.946, P<0.001); the accuracy of ±15% of M-GFR cr was higher than that of C-GFR cr ( χ2=23.547, P<0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( χ2=26.421, P<0.001); the accuracy of ±30% of M-GFR cr was also higher than that of C-GFR cr ( χ2=12.089, P=0.001) and EPI-GFR cr ( χ2=16.168, P<0.001). But there was no significant difference in the applicability among C-GFR cr, EPI-GFR cr and M-GFR cr in the advanced stages of CKD (CKD 3-5). Conclusion:Compared with the improved Chinese based creatinine GFR evaluation formula C-GFR cr and CKD-EPI evaluation formula EPI-GFR cr, the accuracy of multilayer perceptual neural network model to evaluate GFR in CKD patients has been significantly improved, especially in CKD 1-2 stage.

Isolation and characterization of antagonistic Paenibacillus polymyxa HX-140 and its biocontrol potential against Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of the strain Paenibacillus polymyxa HX-140, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rape, to control Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. RESULTS: Strain HX-140 was able to produce protease, cellulase, ß-1,3-glucanase and antifungal volatile organic compounds. An in vitro dual culture test showed that strain HX-140 exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activity against soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. Strain HX-140 also reduced the infection of Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedlings by 55.6% in a greenhouse pot experiment. A field plot experiment confirmed the biocontrol effects and further revealed that antifungal activity was positively correlated with inoculum size by the root-irrigation method. Here, inoculums at 106 107 and 108 cfu/mL of HX-140 bacterial suspension reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt of cucumber seedling by 19.5, 41.1, and 50.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that P. polymyxa HX-140 has significant potential in the control of Fusarium wilt and possibly other fungal diseases of cucumber.

Ilizarov Gradual Distraction Correction for Distal Tibial Severe Varus Deformity Resulting from Epiphyseal Fracture: Case Report and Literature Review.

We present a case of a 13-year-old female with severe varus deformity and limb discrepancy resulting from epiphyseal fracture. The preoperative tibial articular surface angle was 64.1°, and the affected tibia was 14 mm shorter than the contralateral tibia. She underwent a medial open osteotomy and fibular osteotomy with gradual distraction correction using Ilizarov fixator. The deformity was corrected at 3 months, and the external fixator was removed when bony union was achieved 6 months postoperatively. At 9 months after surgery, the patient could play basketball without feeling pain. At the last follow-up, namely 36 months after the operation, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot-ankle score was improved from 58 to 90, the patient was pain free, and the radiological measurements were nearly normal. Ilizarov fixator gradual distraction correction for distal tibial severe varus deformity is a safe and cost-effective method that can yield excellent radiological and clinical outcomes.

Immediate precision of the digital osteotomy template in the digital stackable template: a clinical study / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to evaluate the immediate accuracy of the digital osteotomy template in the digital stackable template.@*METHODS@#From November 2018 to January 2020, 4 patients with dentition loss were selected from the Prosthodontics Department, West China Stomatological Hospital. All patients met the conditions for immediate planting and immediate restoration. Owing to the lack of vertical target-restoration space, the implantation plan included intraoperative osteotomy. According to the preoperative cone beam CT (CBCT) data, combined with aesthetic digital smile design (DSD) analysis, virtual wax design, and so on, the ideal bone plane design was performed. According to the virtual osteotomy plane, the virtual implantation plan was designed, and then the digital stackable template assuming osteotomy template, implantation guide, and temporary restoration were made and 3D printed. Osteotomy was performed under the guidance of digital osteotomy template during the operation. The preoperative CBCT and postoperative CBCT of all patients overlapped, the deviation between the actual osteotomy and the ideal osteotomy was calculated, and the angle deviation between the postoperative bone plane and the ideal bone plane was measured.@*RESULTS@#The ave-rage volume deviation between the postoperative design and the ideal one was 492.94 mm³, accounting for 21.21% of the preset osteotomy volume. The average deviation between the postoperative osteotomy and the ideal osteotomy in four patients was 0.024 8 mm. The average angle between the postoperative bone plane and the ideal bone plane was 6.03°.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The displacement deviation of virtual osteotomy design and the actual osteotomy one under the guidance of digital osteotomy template in the digital stackable template are highly consistent with the original design. Thus, this clinical technique is worth popularizing, accurate, and quantifiable.

Advance in Evaluation Formula of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Patients with spinal cord injury are in high risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is an important indicator commonly used to detect CKD. This paper reviewed the pros and cons of existing endogenous and exogenous GFR measurement, and focused on the problems and challenges for the application of the estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with spinal cord injury. These research results indicated that the applicability of traditional eGFR to patients with spinal cord injury is still insufficient. It is necessary to modify eGFR in clinical research and application in spinal cord injury.

Clinical analysis of endoscopic-assisted RS silicone intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect and safety of endoscopic-assisted RS silicone intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed probing in children, in order to guide the clinical application.<p>METHODS: Retrospective case series. Totally 158 children(158 eyes)with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction who were failed probing in our hospital from September 2016 to September 2019 were selected as the research subjects. All patients underwent endoscopic-assisted RS silicone intubation. Regular follow-up was performed 1, 3, and 6mo after surgery. Observe the children's gender, age, treatment history, presence or absence of discharge before surgery; treatment effect; complications; types of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Spearman's correlation coefficient calculation and analysis of the relationship between ages, times of probing and operation efficiency, Fisher's exact probability test for the operation efficiency of different types of nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and chi square test for the operation efficiency of presence or absence of discharge.<p>RESULTS: The total effective rate was 89.9%(142/158). The effective rate of surgery tends to decrease with age(Spearman's correlation coefficient <i>rs</i>= -1.000, <i>P</i><0.01). The effective rate of surgery showed a downward trend with the increase of the times of probing(Spearman's correlation coefficient <i>rs</i>= -1.000, <i>P</i><0.01). The efficiency of membranous nasolacrimal duct obstruction surgery is higher than that of complex nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and the difference is statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). It cannot be considered that there is a statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the operation between the two symptoms with or without discharge(<i>P</i>>0.05). The main complications were: false passage formation(16 eyes, 10.1%), loss of tube(14 eyes, 8.9%), red eyes and irritated tears(18 eyes, 11.4%), punctums tissue adhesion(3 eyes, 1.9%), punctum granuloma formation(1 eye, 0.6%).<p>CONCLUSION: Endoscopic-assisted RS silicone intubation has a higher effective rate and better safety in the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction after failed probing in children. The effective rate of surgery decreases with age, and decreases with the increase of the times of probing. Membranous nasolacrimal duct obstruction is more effective than complicated nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Clinical outcomes of four-point fixation for posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of four-point fixation in patients with posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation.Methods:A retrospective case series study was adopted.Sixteen patients (16 eyes) with posterior chamber intraocular lens dislocation who underwent suture suspension techniques with four-point fixation in Changzhou No.2 people's Hospital from January 2015 to January 2018 were enrolled.Postoperative effects were observed during follow-up, ranging from 6 to 13 months.The preoperative and 6-month postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelium cell count and astigmatism were measured and the differences were compared, and the relationships between total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism or intraocular lens induced astigmatism were analyzed, and the postoperative position of intraocular lens and complications were observed.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital (No.2015-C-012-01).Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before surgery.Results:The mean preoperative UCVA (LogMAR) and BCVA (LogMAR) were 1.09±0.24 and 0.48±0.20, respectively, which were significantly improved to 0.30±0.12 and 0.26±0.13 at 6 months after operation, respectively.And the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.782, 3.795; both at P<0.01).The preoperative and 6-month postoperative corneal endothelium cell count were (2 270±360)/mm 2 and (2 032±327)/mm 2, respectively, and the difference was not significant ( t=1.921, P=0.074).The 6-month postoperative mean total astigmatism, corneal astigmatism and intraocular lens induced astigmatism were (-1.47±0.82)D, (-1.34±0.61)D and (-0.22±0.35)D, respectively.There was a highly positive correlation between total astigmatism and corneal astigmatism ( r=0.885, P<0.05), but there was no significant correlation between total astigmatism and intraocular lens induced astigmatism ( r=-0.432, P=0.095).No dislocation, deviation or torsion of intraocular lens were observed during the follow-up.Varying degree of symptoms of iridocyclitis were observed during early stage after operation, which disappeared after treatment.There were two cases of high intraocular pressure, which were normal after treatment.No retinal detachment, choroidal detachment, expulsive suprachoroidal hemorrhage, endophthalmitis, corneal endothelial decompensation or other complications occurred during and after operation. Conclusions:There is a stable position of intraocular lens, good visual acuity and few complications after four-point fixation with suture and suspension, which is a feasible method to treat dislocated intraocular lens.