[Two-dimensional equivalent mechanical modeling and finite element analysis of normal female pelvic floor system].

Objective: To construct the geometric model of the pelvic floor by a two-dimensional equivalent mechanics method, and to explore the effect of the shape and position of pelvic floor organs and tissues on the biomechanical properties of the pelvic floor under different abdominal pressure. Methods: A 28-year-old healthy and symmetrical married infertile female volunteer was included. The pelvic floor tissue was scanned in the supine position using a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner (Philips Company, Holland). Based on the method of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) two-dimensional parameter measurement and computer aided design, the geometric model and finite element model of the female pelvic floor were established, and the biomechanical characteristics of the pelvic floor support system under different abdominal pressure were analyzed. Results: In this study, four different working conditions of the pelvic floor force were simulated under 60, 99, 168, and 208 cmH2O (1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) abdominal pressure loads. The trend was as follows: under the abdominal pressure load, the retrograde flexion of the uterus occurred, the cervical, the middle and upper vaginal segment and the levator anus muscle had the characteristic change of mechanical axial direction pointing to the sacrum and coccyx, and the deformation of the levator anus muscle in the horizontal direction was greater than that in the vertical direction. With the increase of the abdominal pressure, the maximum stress values of the pelvic floor whole system of healthy subjects under four different working conditions were 0.194 3, 0.389 6, 0.557 1, and 0.627 5 MPa, respectively, and the maximum displacement values were 10, 14, 21 and 25 mm, respectively. The maximum stress values of the cervical and vaginal middle and upper segment were 0.111 7, 0.161 8, 0.250 6, and 0.304 1 MPa, respectively, and the maximum displacement values were 3, 6, 9, and 11 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of the perineal body was 0.063 4, 0.119 6, 0.235 2, and 0.288 0 MPa, and the maximum displacement was 1, 2, 4, and 5 mm. The maximum stress values of the levator anus muscle were 0.194 3, 0.389 6, 0.557 1, and 0.627 5 MPa, and the maximum displacement values were 2, 4, 7, and 8 mm, respectively. The maximum stress and maximum displacement of pelvic organs increased with the increase of the abdominal pressure under different working conditions. The stress axial relationship of normal female pelvic floor was that the middle and upper segment of uterus and vagina mainly acted on the sacrococcyx and the levator anus muscle, and the lower vaginal segment acts on the perineal body. Conclusions: The two-dimensional equivalent mechanical modeling and finite element analysis of the female pelvic floor system can accurately reflect the biomechanical characteristics of the female pelvic floor, and the resultant stress direction of the pelvic organs points to the sacrum and coccyx. The sacrum and coccyx, levator anus and perineal body play important stress supporting roles in the pelvic floor system.

[The investigation of the correlations between left ventricular end diastolic pressure and pulmonary function parameters].

Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in 24 patients with coronary heart, hypertension or rheumatic heart disease (mainly aortic valve pathologic change, exclude mitral stenosis), who had unobvious clinical heart failure. Before left heart catheterization pulmonary function were tested by plethysmogram, results revealed: when LVEDP > 15 mmHg in the patients, pulmonary function parameter expectancy value percentage including FEF25-75%, V25, V50, V75, FVC, VC, FEV1.0 were obviously decreased. RV/TLC expectancy value percentage was obviously increased. Pulmonary function parameter expectancy value percentage including FEF25-75%, V25, V50, V75, FEV1.0, FVC, etc. had significant negative correlation with LVEDP (r = -0.715, P < 0.001; r = -0.699, P < 0.001; r = -0.678, P < 0.001; r = -0.671, P < 0.001; r = -0.648, P < 0.001; r = -0.516, P < 0.01; respectively). RV/TLC expectancy value percentage had significant positive correlation with LVEDP (r = 0.515, P < 0.05). The results indicate that testing pulmonary function parameter helps to evaluate left ventricular function and diagnose early (mesenchymal) pulmonary edema.