Publisher Correction: Josephson coupled Ising pairing induced in suspended MoS2 bilayers by double-side ionic gating.

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Josephson coupled Ising pairing induced in suspended MoS2 bilayers by double-side ionic gating.

Superconductivity in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides is characterized by Ising-type pairing induced via a strong Zeeman-type spin-orbit coupling. When two transition metal dichalcogenides layers are coupled, more exotic superconducting phases emerge, which depend on the ratio of Ising-type protection and interlayer coupling strength. Here, we induce superconductivity in suspended MoS2 bilayers and unveil a coupled superconducting state with strong Ising-type spin-orbit coupling. Gating the bilayer symmetrically from both sides by ionic liquid gating varies the interlayer interaction and accesses electronic states with broken local inversion symmetry while maintaining the global inversion symmetry. We observe a strong suppression of the Ising protection that evidences a coupled superconducting state. The symmetric gating scheme not only induces superconductivity in both atomic sheets but also controls the Josephson coupling between the layers, which gives rise to a dimensional crossover in the bilayer.

Inducing and Manipulating Heteroelectronic States in a Single MoS_{2} Thin Flake.

By dual gating a few-layer MoS_{2} flake, we induce spatially separated electronic states showing superconductivity and Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations. While the highly confined superconductivity forms at the K/K^{'} valleys of the topmost layer, the SdH oscillations are contributed by the electrons residing in the Q/Q^{'} valleys of the rest of the bottom layers, which is confirmed by the extracted Landau level degeneracy of 3, electron effective mass of 0.6m_{e}, and carrier density of 5×10^{12} cm^{-2}. Mimicking conventional heterostructures, the interaction between the heteroelectronic states can be electrically manipulated, which enables "bipolarlike" superconducting transistor operation. The off-on-off switching pattern can be continuously accessed at low temperatures by a field effect depletion of carriers with a negative back gate bias and the proximity effect between the top superconducting layer and the bottom metallic layers that quenches the superconductivity at a positive back gate bias.

[Clinicopathologic features of infant dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor: a case report and literature review].

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) has traditionally been viewed as rare benign tumors that present with seizure widely considered curable with surgery alone. Most DNTs occur in childhood and young adults. However, rare reported cases occur in infants. This paper reported an infant case of DNT and its diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, molecular features and prognosis based on the review of current literatures. The age onset of this patient was only 11 months old. The clinical manifestations were partial seizures and the imaging data untypical; CT and MRI were all supportive of astrocytoma. Typical glioneuronal element histologic features could be seen, which contained oligodendrocyte-like cells attached to bundles of axons and neurons floating in a myxoid interstitial fluid. Meanwhile, some atypical regions could also be seen. These atypical regions showed a mixture of oligodendrocyte-like cells and neurons without a myxoid interstitial fluid, which were easily misdiagnosed. The BRAFV600E mutation was not detected. This patient had a good response to drug therapy. Totally surgical resection of the tumor was conducted. The patient had been seizures free for 6 months. In conclusion, DNT is a rare and well prognostic tumor (WHO grade I), which most often arise in children in the setting of medically refractory epilepsy. The most common tumor location was temporal. Because clinical symptoms, imaging and histological features of DNT and other low-grade gliomas broadly overlap such as ganglioglioma, pilocytic astrocytomas and oligodendroglioma et al., differential diagnosis should be made carefully. The glioneuronal element was the histopathological hallmark of DNT. In addition, some untypical regions should also be called attention. Although BRAFV600E mutation didn't exist in this case, it played a role in differential diagnosis because it has been previously recorded that BRAFV600E mutation was a common feature of DNT. Infant patients have their own characteristics. For example, drug therapy worked well and the imaging data was untypical. Doctors should improve the understanding of this disease to avoid unnecessary radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

[Clinical and neuroimaging features of acute encephalopathy after status epilepticus in Dravet syndrome].

Objective: To investigate the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of acute encephalopathy (AE) after status epilepticus (SE) of patients with Dravet syndrome (DS). Method: The clinical data of DS patients who had AE (coma ≥24 h) after SE were retrospectively collected from February 2005 to August 2016 in Peking University First Hospital and SCN1A gene tests were performed.The clinical and neuroimaging features were summarized. Result: Twenty-two patients (9 males and 13 females) with AE were collected among 412 DS patients during follow-up.Of which 18 patients had SCN1A gene mutations while the remaining 4 patients had no SCN1A gene mutations.The onset age of AE was between 6 months and 10 years.The duration of SE varied between 40 minutes and 9 hours.Prior to the onset of SE, twenty-one patients had high fever, and one patient had normal temperature.Coma lasted from 2 days to 20 days.Nine patients died after the AE, and 13 patients survived with massive neurological regression.From AE to the last visit, the median time of follow-up was 2 years and 3 months (from 7 months to 4 years and 4 months). Nine of 13 survivors had varied improvement in motor, language and cognition, while the remaining 4 patients had no significant improvement.After AE, there were 6 patients with seizure-free, 4 patients with reduced seizures, and 3 patients with no change in seizure frequency, moreover, spasm occurred in 2 patients.Six patients had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute phase and showed bilateral (2 patients) or unilateral (4 patients) hemisphere edema, accompanied by subcortical white matter hyperintense signal in T1 and T2 weighted images in two patients.The neuroimaging of 13 survivors demonstrated diverse cortical atrophy during recovery phase, among which 4 patients showed cerebellar atrophy, one patient had right pontine atrophy, 4 patients accompanied by signal abnormalities in subcortical and periventricular white matter, 2 patients showed right hippocampal sclerosis, and one patient showed signal abnormalities in bilateral basal ganglia. Conclusion: SE is more prone to occur in Dravet patients who have high fever.It may result in AE or even death in severe cases.Survivors will leave severe neurological sequelae.The neuroimaging shows brain edema in acute phase.In recovery phase the neuroimaging shows diverse brain atrophy, moreover, a few patients may be associated with cerebellar or pontine atrophy, hippocampal sclerosis or abnormal signals in white matter or basal ganglia.

Mandibular reconstruction with the vascularized fibula flap: comparison of virtual planning surgery and conventional surgery.

This study evaluated the accuracy of mandibular reconstruction and assessed clinical outcomes in both virtual planning and conventional surgery patients. ProPlan CMF surgical planning software was used preoperatively in the virtual planning group. In the virtual planning group, fibula flaps were harvested and osteotomized, and the mandibles were resected and reconstructed assisted by the prefabricated cutting guides and templates. The main outcome measures included the operative time, postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, facial appearance, and occlusal function. The ischemia time and total operation time were shorter in the virtual planning group than in the conventional surgery group. High precision with the use of the cutting guides and templates was found for both the fibula and mandible, and a good fit was noted among the pre-bent plate, mandible, and fibula segments in the virtual planning group. Postoperative CT scans also showed excellent mandibular contours of the fibula flaps in accordance with virtual plans in the virtual planning group. This study demonstrated that virtual surgical planning was able to achieve more accurate mandibular reconstruction than conventional surgery. The use of prefabricated cutting guides and plates makes fibula flap moulding and placement easier, minimizes the operating time, and improves clinical outcomes.

Evidence for two-dimensional Ising superconductivity in gated MoS2.

The Zeeman effect, which is usually detrimental to superconductivity, can be strongly protective when an effective Zeeman field from intrinsic spin-orbit coupling locks the spins of Cooper pairs in a direction orthogonal to an external magnetic field. We performed magnetotransport experiments with ionic-gated molybdenum disulfide transistors, in which gating prepared individual superconducting states with different carrier dopings, and measured an in-plane critical field B(c2) far beyond the Pauli paramagnetic limit, consistent with Zeeman-protected superconductivity. The gating-enhanced B(c2) is more than an order of magnitude larger than it is in the bulk superconducting phases, where the effective Zeeman field is weakened by interlayer coupling. Our study provides experimental evidence of an Ising superconductor, in which spins of the pairing electrons are strongly pinned by an effective Zeeman field.

Electrically switchable chiral light-emitting transistor.

Tungsten diselenide (WSe2) and related transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit interesting optoelectronic properties owing to their peculiar band structures originating from the valley degree of freedom. Although the optical generation and detection of valley polarization has been demonstrated, it has been difficult to realize active valley-dependent functions suitable for device applications. We report an electrically switchable, circularly polarized light source based on the material's valley degree of freedom. Our WSe2-based ambipolar transistors emit circularly polarized electroluminescence from p-i-n junctions electrostatically formed in transistor channels. This phenomenon can be explained qualitatively by the electron-hole overlap controlled by the in-plane electric field. Our device demonstrates a route to exploit the valley degree of freedom and the possibility to develop a valley-optoelectronics technology.

Formation of a stable p-n junction in a liquid-gated MoS2 ambipolar transistor.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has gained attention because of its high mobility and circular dichroism. As a crucial step to merge these advantages into a single device, we present a method that electronically controls and locates p-n junctions in liquid-gated ambipolar MoS2 transistors. A bias-independent p-n junction was formed, and it displayed rectifying I-V characteristics. This p-n diode could perform a crucial role in the development of optoelectronic valleytronic devices.

Superconducting dome in a gate-tuned band insulator.

A dome-shaped superconducting region appears in the phase diagrams of many unconventional superconductors. In doped band insulators, however, reaching optimal superconductivity by the fine-tuning of carriers has seldom been seen. We report the observation of a superconducting dome in the temperature-carrier density phase diagram of MoS(2), an archetypal band insulator. By quasi-continuous electrostatic carrier doping achieved through a combination of liquid and solid gating, we revealed a large enhancement in the transition temperature T(c) occurring at optimal doping in the chemically inaccessible low-carrier density regime. This observation indicates that the superconducting dome may arise even in doped band insulators.

Liquid-gated interface superconductivity on an atomically flat film.

Liquid/solid interfaces are attracting growing interest not only for applications in catalytic activities and energy storage, but also for their new electronic functions in electric double-layer transistors (EDLTs) exemplified by high-performance organic electronics, field-induced electronic phase transitions, as well as superconductivity in SrTiO(3) (ref. 12). Broadening EDLTs to induce superconductivity within other materials is highly demanded for enriching the materials science of superconductors. However, it is severely hampered by inadequate choice of materials and processing techniques. Here we introduce an easy method using ionic liquids as gate dielectrics, mechanical micro-cleavage techniques for surface preparation, and report the observation of field-induced superconductivity showing a transition temperature T(c)=15.2 K on an atomically flat film of layered nitride compound, ZrNCl. The present result reveals that the EDLT is an extremely versatile tool to induce electronic phase transitions by electrostatic charge accumulation and provides new routes in the search for superconductors beyond those synthesized by traditional chemical methods.

Assembly of disperse red 1 molecules in the channels of AlPO4-5 single crystals for second-harmonic generation.

Disperse red 1 (DR1) molecules have been successfully incorporated into the one-dimensional channels of AlPO4-5 single crystals by means of vapor-phase diffusion. Polarizing microscope and SHG results indicate that the DR1 molecules are well aligned in a preferred direction along the crystal channels. The p-polarization (parallel to the c-axis of AlPO4-5 crystal) SH intensity (Ip-ex), and s-polarization (perpendicular to the c-axis of AlPO4-5 crystal) SH intensity (Is-ex) of DR1-loaded AlPO4-5 single crystals can be well fitted as a function of input polarization angle (alpha): Ip-ex = 0.69 cos4 alpha + 0.37 sin4 alpha - 0.17, Is-ex = 0.69 cos2 alpha sin2 alpha + 0.06, respectively. This polarization angle dependence can be well explained by three different SHG processes of Ip (0 degrees), Ip (90 degrees), and Is (45 degrees), originated from different combinations of two polarized photons.