Effect of beinaglutide combined with metformin versus aspart 30 with metformin on metabolic profiles and antidrug antibodies in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Objective: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of beinaglutide combined with metformin versus aspart 30 with metformin on metabolic profiles and antidrug antibodies (ADAs) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: A total of 134 eligible participants were randomly assigned to the test group and the control group. Patients in the test group were treated with beinaglutide and metformin, whereas patients in the control group were randomly treated with aspart 30 and metformin, with a follow-up period of 6 months. The metabolic profiles and ADAs over 6 months were evaluated. Results: After 6 months, 101 (75.37%) patients completed the study. Compared with the control group, the beinaglutide group had significant reductions in 2-h postprandial blood glucose (2hBG) and low blood glucose index (LBGI). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased in both groups relative to baseline. In the test group, one had treatment-emergent beinaglutide ADAs. Significant reductions in triglycerides (TG), non-fasting TG, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI) were observed. The values of insulin sensitivity index (HOMA-IR) were decreased to a statistically higher degree with beinaglutide treatment. Conclusion: Beinaglutide reduces metabolic dysfunction, LBGI, and weight in patients of T2D with a low risk of ADAs. Beinaglutide may offer the potential for a disease-modifying intervention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2200061003.

Telemedicine-assisted structured self-monitoring of blood glucose in management of T2DM results of a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This prospective study aimed to compare telemedicine-assisted structured self-monitoring of blood glucose(SMBG) with a traditional blood glucose meter (BGM) in adults of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Adult participants with T2DM were assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The patients in the intervention group received a connected BGM with real-time data submission as well as individual needs-based tele-coaching to address and improve motivation and daily diabetes self-management. The patients in the control group received a traditional BGM. Changes in glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), low blood glucose index(LBGI), and diabetes self-management behaviors were analyzed. RESULTS: The study demonstrated the superiority of the telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG versus the traditional BGM for improving HbA1c. Additionally, the telemedicine-assisted SMBG reduced the risk of hypoglycemia and enhanced diabetes self-management behaviors, as differences in the LBGI and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire(DSMQ) results between the groups after 6 months were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine-assisted structured SMBG helps physicians and patients to achieve a specific level of glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia. The use of coaching applications and telemedicine-assisted SMBG indicated beneficial effects for T2DM self-management, which may help limit disease progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trail Registry No: ChiCTR2300072356 on 12/06/2023. Retrospectively registered.

Effect of Benaglutide on Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Benaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that has been approved in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is known to lead to significant weight loss, and it is hypothesized that changes in gut microbiota may play a significant role in such weight loss. However, it is unclear how gut microbiota and metabolites change as a result of benaglutide treatment. Methods: Healthy participants and patients with T2DM were included in this study. They received differentiated treatments, and stool specimens were collected separately. These stool specimens were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing to create fecal metabolomic profiles. The diversity of gut microbiota and metabolic products in the stools of each participant was analyzed. Results: The data showed that Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was abundant in the gut microbiota of the control group, which was entirely made up of healthy individuals; however, it showed a statistically significant decrease in patients with T2DM treated with metformin alone, while no significant decrease was observed in patients treated with metformin combined with benaglutide. A metagenomic analysis revealed that benaglutide could improve the fecal microbiota diversity in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation between the changes in the metabolites of patients with T2DM and the changes in their gut microbiota (including F. prausnitzii) after treatment with metformin and benaglutide. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the weight-reducing effect of benaglutide is attributed to its ability to normalize the gut microbiota of patients with T2DM, particularly by increasing the abundance of F. prausnitzii.

Exogenous Insulin Antibody Syndrome in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: Exogenous insulin antibody syndrome (EIAS) is an immunological disorder caused by circulating insulin antibodies (IAs), featuring hypersensitivity to exogenous insulin and insulin resistance. With the wide use of recombinant human insulin and insulin analogs, there has been a significant proliferation of EIAS. Case Report: We describe two cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) with hyperinsulinemia and high serum levels of IAs. They had never been exposed to methimazole, glutathione, lipoic acid, and other sulfhydryl drugs, but they all received insulin treatment. The patient in case 1 had recurrent hypoglycemia before hospitalization. A prolonged oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed hypoglycemia with inappropriately high insulin levels. The patient in case 2 was hospitalized for diabetic ketosis. An OGTT indicated hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia and low levels of C-peptide. IAs induced by exogenous insulin in the two patients with DM were positive at high titers, prompting a diagnosis of another condition-EIAS. Conclusion: We discussed the differences between these two cases of EIAS in clinical manifestations and treatment and summarized all patients of EIAS treated in our department to date.

miR-27a-3p relieves heat stress-induced mitochondrial damage and aberrant milk protein synthesis through MEK/ERK pathway in BMECs.

With global warming, heat stress has become a primary factor that compromises the health and milk quality of dairy cows. Here, we investigated the function and underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) under heat-stress conditions. The current study showed that miR-27a-3p could prevent heat stress-induced BMEC oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by regulating the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion processes. Importantly, we found that miR-27a-3p could increase cell proliferation under heat stress conditions by regulating the MEK/ERK pathway and cyclin D1/E1. Interestingly, miR-27a-3p is also involved in the regulation of milk protein synthesis-related protein expression, such as CSN2 and ELF5. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway by AZD6244 blocked the regulatory function of miR-27a-3p in cell proliferation and milk protein synthesis in BMECs under heat stress conditions. Our findings demonstrated that miR-27a-3p protects BMECs from heat stress-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby promoting BMECs proliferation and lactation in dairy cows. The potential regulatory mechanism of miR-27a-3p in attenuating heat stress-induced apoptosis and lactation defect in BMECs.

What are the self-management experiences of the elderly with diabetes? A systematic review of qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: The number of elderly individuals with diabetes is dramatically increasing. Diabetes is a long-term condition and a noncommunicable disease and requires intensive daily self-management. Understanding of self-management from the patients' perspectives is important to nurses, healthcare providers, and researchers and benefits people by improving their self-management skills. AIM: To examine and synthesize qualitative studies that explore the experiences of elderly people in self-managing diabetes. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched, including MEDLINE, CINAH, PsycINFO, PubMed, CNKI, and WANFADATA. Relevant research was identified by manually searching reference lists and gray literature. Only English and Chinese publications were included. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program was used to assess the quality of the research. The Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research approach was used to assess the confidence of the findings. RESULTS: A total of 10 qualitative studies were included, and content analysis was performed. Five themes were identified: The need for knowledge about diabetes care, support systems, functional decline, attitudes toward diabetes, and healthy lifestyle challenges. CONCLUSION: This present review provides a deep and broad understanding of the experiences in the self-management of diabetes and can be valuable to nursing practice and provide recommendations for future research.

Yeast-induced formation of graphene hydrogels anode for efficient xylose-fueled microbial fuel cells.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are of great interest due to their capability to directly convert organic compounds to electric energy. In particular, MFCs technology showed great potential to directly harness the energy from xylose in the form of bioelectricity and biohydrogen simultaneously. Herein, we report a yeast strain of Cystobasidium slooffiae JSUX1 enabled the reduction and assembly of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets into three-dimensional reduced GO (3D rGO) hydrogels on the surface of carbon felt (CF) anode. The autonomously self-modified 3D rGO hydrogel anode entitled the yeast-based MFCs with two times enhancement on bioelectricity and biohydrogen production from xylose. Further analysis demonstrated that the 3D rGO hydrogel attracted more yeast cells and reduced the interfacial charge transfer resistance, which was the underlying mechanism for the improvement of MFCs performance. This work offers a new strategy to reinforce the performance of yeast-based MFCs and provides a new opportunity to efficiently harvest energy from xylose.

Lysobacter caeni sp. nov., isolated from the sludge of a pesticide manufacturing factory.

Strain BUT-8(T), a Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped aerobic bacterium, was isolated from the activated sludge of a herbicide-manufacturing wastewater treatment facility. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain BUT-8(T) clustered with species of the genus Lysobacter and was closely related to Lysobacter ruishenii DSM 22393(T) (98.3 %) and Lysobacter daejeonensis KACC 11406(T) (98.7 %). The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.6 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an aminolipid. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, iso-C11 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3OH and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 010-methyl). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain BUT-8(T) and its closest phylogenetic neighbours was below 70 %. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic results clearly demonstrated that strain BUT-8(T) belongs to the genus Lysobacter and represents a novel species for which the name Lysobacter caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-8(T) ( = CCTCC AB 2013087(T) = KACC 17141(T)).

Chryseomicrobium aureum sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from activated sludge.

A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic bacterial strain, designated BUT-2(T), was isolated from activated sludge of one herbicide-manufacturing wastewater-treatment facility in Kunshan, Jiangsu province, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic studies. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BUT-2(T) shared the highest similarity with Chryseomicrobium amylolyticum (98.98%), followed by Chryseomicrobium imtechense (98.88%), with less than 96% similarlity to members of the genera Paenisporosarcina, Planococcus, Sporosarcina and Planomicrobium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BUT-2(T) clustered with C. amylolyticum JC16(T) and C. imtechense MW10(T), occupying a distinct phylogenetic position. The major fatty acid (>10% of total fatty acids) type of strain BUT-2(T) was iso-C(15 : 0). The quinone system comprised menaquinone MK-7 (77.8%), MK-6 (11.9%) and MK-8 (10.3%). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and some unidentified phospholipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain BUT-2(T) was L-Orn-D-Glu. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain BUT-2(T) was 48.5 mol%. Furthermore, the DNA-DNA relatedness in hybridization experiments against the reference strain was lower than 70%, confirming that strain BUT-2(T) did not belong to previously described species of the genus Chryseomicrobium. On the basis of its morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis, strain BUT-2(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium, for which the name Chryseomicrobium aureum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BUT-2(T) ( = CCTCC AB2013082(T) = KACC 17219(T)).

[Effect of pretreatment on storage and biogas production of baling wheat straw].

Long-term storage of crop straw is very important for biogas plant while pretreatment is always used to improve biogas production of crop straw. Feasibility of integrating the storage with pretreatment of baling wheat straw was studied. Changes of physicochemical properties and the biogas productivity of wheat straw obtained before and after 120 days storage were analyzed. The results showed that it was feasible to directly bale wheat straw for storage (control) and storage treatment had little effect on the physicochemical properties, structure and biogas productivity of wheat straw. After 120 day's storage, biogas production potential of the surface wheat straw of pile was decreased by 7.40%. Integrating NaOH pretreatment with straw storage was good for biogas production of wheat straw and the total solid (TS) biogas yield was increased by 7.02%-8.31% (compared to that of wheat straw without storage) and 5.68% -16.96% (compared to that of storage without alkaline pretreatment), respectively. Storage with urea treatment was adverse to biogas production of wheat straw and the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose of wheat straw were decreased by 18.25%-27.22% and 5.31%-16.15% and the TS biogas yield was decreased by 2.80%-7.71% after 120 day's storage. Exposing wheat straw to the air during the storage process was adverse to the conserving of organic matter and biogas utilization of wheat straw, but the influence was very slight and the TS biogas yield of wheat straw obtained from pile surface of control and urea treatment was decreased by 7.40% and 4.25%, respectively.

[Methane production by anaerobic co-digestion of chicken manure and Spartina alterniflora residue after producing methane].

The characteristics of Spartina alterniflora residue after producing methane (SAR) digested alone and co-digestion of various proportions of chicken manure and SAR were investigated by batch model at 35 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C. The initial total solid (TS) loading of all treatments was 8.0%. The results indicated that there was still some biogas produced by SAR with TS biogas yield of 107.25 mL x g(-1) and average methane content of 76.92%. The cellulose crystallinity of re-digested SAR was destructed by anaerobic microorganisms, and the destruction rate was 5.55%. Co-digestion meliorated the environment where microorganisms lived in and increased the cumulative biogas yield. When the ratio of chicken manure to SAR was 4 : 1, the cumulative biogas yield was highest while the cumulative biogas yield of T1 (the rate of chicken manure to SAR is 5 : 0 based on TS), T3-T6 (the rate of chicken manure to SAR are 3 : 2, 2 : 3, 1 :4 and 0 : 5 based on TS, respectively) were 61.31%, 62.09%, 52.15%, 39.74% and 31.67% of it. The anaerobic fermentation type of co-digestion is mix acid type fermentation. Co-digested with chicken manure promoted the destruction of cellulous crystallinity by 1.13% - 21.61% and especially when the rate of chicken manure to SAR was 4 : 1.

[Effect of alkaline post-treatment on physicochemical property of digested Spartina alterniflora].

Alkaline treatment is widely used for improving biogas production for lignocellulosic materials. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of alkaline treatment on physicochemical property of digested Spartina alterniflora (DSA). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction patterns, proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR), solid-state 13C-NMR Spectroscopy and some general indicators were used to analyze changes of the lignocellulosic structure and composition of NaOH-treated digested Spartina alterniflora. The results showed that, after NaOH treatment, surface lignin and some carbohydrate were destructed into lignin fragment, organic acids and some other small molecular organic matter, but the skeleton structure of lignin and cellulose of DSA were not destructed significantly. The crystalline of cellulose of DSA was transferred into biodegradable forms and content of crystalline of DSA and cellulose were increased after NaOH treatment. The results of 13C-NMR showed that methyl (CH3) and carboxylic C(COOH) groups of DSA were decomposed significantly.

[Effect of NaOH-treatment on dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of Spartina alterniflora].

In order to improve the biotransformation rate of lignocellulosic materials, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was widely used to pretreat lignocellulosic materials. Effect of NaOH-treatment on dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion of Spartina alternflora was studied by batch model under the temperature of 55 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C, at the initial total solid loading (TSL) of 20%. The results indicated that biogas production was inhibited by NaOH-treatment and improved by NaOH-treatment with water washed. The cumulative biogas yield of control (CK), NaOH-treated and NaOH-treated with water washed (NaOH + water) were 268.35 mL/g, 205.76 mL/g and 299.97 mL/g, respectively. The methane content of CK and NaOH + water treatments kept stable while fluctuation of NaOH-treated treatment during anaerobic digestion process was observed. Compared with CK and NaOH + water treatments, methane content of NaOH-treated treatment was improved by 5.30%. The content of hemi-cellulose and cellulose of S. alternifora decreased while content of lignin of S. alterniflora increased after 51-day anaerobic digestion. The crystallinity of cellulose of S. alterniflora increased after NaOH-treatment which was consistent to the result of FTIR. The lignocellulosic structure was destroyed and the biodegradability of S. alterniflora was increased by NaOH pretreatment. However, the amount of Na+ was taken into the anaerobic system, besides the high Na+ content in the plant itself which inhibited the anaerobic microorganisms. Therefore, NaOH-treatment is considered to be unsuitable for the anaerobic digestion of S. alterniflora.

[Effect of NaOH-treatment on advanced anaerobic biogasification of Spartina alterniflora].

In order to improve the biotransformation rate of Sparnina alterniflora, effect of NaOH-treatment on anaerobic dry-mesophilic digestion of Spartina alterniflora and feasibility of NaOH-treatment as a pretreatment of biogas residues of Spartina alterniflora for advanced anaerobic biogasification were conducted under lab-scale conditions. The results indicated that there was less improvement to biogas yield with NaOH-treatment and the cumulative biogas yield of Spartina alterniflora was 358.94 mL/g TS which was 92.42% to that of control (CK). However, the average methane content was improved slightly with 1.84% improvement. After solid-state pretreatment with 5% NaOH solution for 48 h, the biogas residue of Spartina alterniflora was used for advanced biogasification. This experiment was conducted under 35 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C with initial total solid loading of 8%. The cumulative biogas yield was 209.73 mL/g TS with 70.78% of average methane content, but the biotransformation rate was only 23.29% which was much lower than that of Spartina alterniflora. The fermentation type was propionic acid type fermentation. After two-phase fermentation treatment, cellulose content was decreased significantly while lignin and hemicellulose content were increased. The crystalinity of cellulose of biogas residue decreased after two-phase anaerobic fermentation which was consistent to result of FTIR. The comprehensive analysis of experiment indicated that biogas residue of Spartina alterniflora was still a good material for biogas production and NaOH-treatment was a good pretreatment for biogas production.