ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: the crude mortality rate due to infectious diseases in India is approximately 417 per one lakh persons and pyogenic infections are one of the significant contributor. Poor antimicrobial stewardship in India has led to an increase in multidrug resistant superbugs in both community as well as hospital settings. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial etiology of pyogenic infections and to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profile. METHODS: this is a retrospective observational study from January, 2018 to December, 2018. A total 1851 samples, collected as a part of patient care were included in this study. Specimens were subjected to culture on Blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Species identification was done as per standard laboratory protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. RESULTS: of total 1851 samples, culture was positive in 61.54%. A total 70.59%, Gram negative organisms were isolated followed by Gram positive cocci in 45.48%, yeast in 1.05%, coryneform bacteria in 0.79% and in one case, non-tubercular mycobacteria was isolated. Staphylococcus aureus (30.9%) was the predominant organism isolated. Most common multi drug resistant isolates were Klebsiella spp. (74.79%) and Acinetobacter spp. (74.32%). CONCLUSION: this study gives an insight about the prevalence and common etiology of pyogenic infections along with their antimicrobial resistance profile in north western region of India. This study will contribute in formulating antibiotic stewardship program by selecting the antibiograms of pyogenic isolates.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/epidemiology , Adult , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultSubject(s)
Coinfection/diagnosis , Coinfection/parasitology , Cryptosporidiosis/diagnosis , Strongyloidiasis/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/immunology , Aged , Animals , Coinfection/immunology , Cryptosporidiosis/immunology , Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology , Cryptosporidium/immunology , Cryptosporidium/pathogenicity , Female , Humans , Immunocompromised Host , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/complications , Strongyloides stercoralis/immunology , Strongyloides stercoralis/pathogenicity , Strongyloidiasis/immunology , Strongyloidiasis/parasitology , Thrombocytopenia/parasitologyABSTRACT
Dengue virus infection is estimated to cause infection in approximately 390 million people globally each year, of which 96 million develop clinical disease. Dengue serotype 2 (DEN-2) is the most prevalent serotype over the past 50 years in India, but serotypes 3 and 4 have appeared in some epidemics as well. A retrospective study was conducted in a teaching hospital, western India, between January 2014 and December 2018. The records of dengue serological test were analyzed. In total, 40 randomly selected nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen-positive samples were analyzed by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The demographic data, that is, age and sex, along with geographic location and platelet count level, were recorded from the Serology laboratory register and Hospital Information System. In total, 14.85% (735/4948) samples tested positive for dengue serology. Most of the laboratory-confirmed dengue cases, 34.97% (257/735), were observed in the 21-30 years of age group. The most common serotype detected in the tested samples was DEN-3 in 55% cases (22/40, 13 monoinfection and 9 coinfection with DEN-1 and DEN-2). The present study gives an insight into the trend of dengue seropositivity among suspected cases in the western part of Rajasthan, India. This study showed a higher seroprevalence of dengue infection as well as a gradual increase in the seroprevalence in this part of India.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Dengue Virus/immunology , Dengue/epidemiology , Dengue/immunology , Hospitals, Teaching/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/blood , India/epidemiology , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral/blood , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Serogroup , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease, which mainly involves skin, peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and eyes. According to National Leprosy Eradication Programme 2017-18 annual report, the annual new case detection rate from Rajasthan is 1.27 per 1 lakh population and prevalence rate is 0.14. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to determine the spectrum of Mycobacterium leprae infections among suspected cases attending a teaching hospital in western Rajasthan, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Microbiology, in a teaching hospital, western Rajasthan, between the period of January 2017 and April 2019. The records of modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining during the study period were analyzed. The demographic data like age and sex along with clinical diagnosis were also recorded from laboratory register and hospital information system. RESULTS: Out of total 91 suspected cases, 30.77% was microbiologically confirmed cases of leprosy. Out of total positive cases, 71.43% were male and 28.57% were female. A maximum number of positive (50%) were found in the age group of 31-50 years. CONCLUSION: Present study gives an insight about the spectrum of leprosy in the region. The large number of positive cases signifies that leprosy awareness and programs aimed at elimination need to be more vigorously implemented. To achieve complete eradication from this menace, newer strategies like effective vaccine development and drug-resistance testing should be implemented.
