Pediatric High Labial Frenum Management: Utilizing a Diode Laser for the Transformation of the Smile of an Eight-Year-Old Child.

Median diastema is a physiological occurrence that is frequently seen in the maxillary jaw. Therefore, a median diastema has been associated with a wide range of etiological variables, including thumb sucking, supernumerary teeth, tongue thrusting, some dentoalveolar discrepancy, and hypodontia. Patient esthetic and function demands are both negated by the labial frenum's abnormal location in relation to the maxillary anterior teeth, which results in diastema and gingival recession. Lasers are now being used in several fields of dentistry as an alternative to conventional scalpel operations. Frenectomy can be done through the use of electrosurgery, laser surgery, or the classic scalpel technique. This pathological frenum can be very well excised with a diode laser. Due to its applicability, sufficient coagulation, lack of suture requirements, and reduced discomfort and inflammation, the diode laser can be utilized in pediatric dentistry. High-connected midline diastema has remained a subject of debate when it comes to management and the right time to intervene and treat it. Both orthodontists and pediatric dentists agree that frenectomy should not be done after the closure of the orthodontist gap or before the appearance of the permanent canine teeth. However, several conditions, including the child's psychological status, parents' concerns, the closure's unpredictable effects on the future, and the expense of combined therapies, may lead to an early intervention for therapy during the primary or mixed dentition. In this specific scenario, a child who was eight years old underwent a diode laser frenectomy. After seven days, a follow-up examination showed normal position and attachment of the frenum and no signs of infection at the site of surgery.

The Influence of the Tongue on the Development of Dental Malocclusion.

The tongue supports the upper dental arch and encourages healthy dental arch development when it rests against the roof of the mouth. On the other hand, over time, malocclusion can result from incorrect tongue position, such as lying low in the mouth or thrusting forward during swallowing or speaking. As a muscular organ, the tongue applies forces to the jaws and teeth that may help with malocclusion or hinder it from aligning properly. The dentition and jaws grow and align according to the way the tongue, teeth, and surrounding structures interact. The tongue's morphogenetic function includes forming the arches and having an important impact on the maxillary complex's development. The tongue frequently assumes a balancing and compensatory function in subsequent phases, functioning more or less like a natural orthodontic bite. In adults, the tongue is able to compensate for problems like open bites, teeth that are out of alignment, or differences in the occlusal and sagittal planes of the spine. In this context, the tongue's ability to sustain occlusion during malocclusion can be considered a compensatory response. This is comparable to how lingual dysfunction may contribute to malocclusion or act as a potential source of recurring orthodontic instability. In order to diagnose and treat orthodontic issues, dental professionals must know the connection between tongue position and dental malocclusion. Malocclusion can be prevented or minimized with early intervention, such as myofunctional therapy to correct tongue position and habits, improving dental health and well-being overall.

Surgical Correction of Ankyloglossia Using Diode Laser-Assisted Frenectomy in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Tongue-tie is a continuation of the lingual frenum that is attached to the tip of the tongue. It is a congenital oral anomaly that could restrict tongue movements, caused by a lingual frenum a membrane that originates from the floor of the mouth to the bottom of the tongue that is too thick and short, which limits the natural ability of the tongue to move and function. The tongue is an auxiliary organ that facilitates speaking, mastication, and deglutition. This condition may result in several difficulties including chewing, breastfeeding, speech, and pronunciation of particular words, as well as possessing social and mechanical consequences. Ankyloglossia can be seen in young age groups. The use of lasers has increased in dentistry in recent years. However, in oral and maxillofacial surgery, the use of lasers has been largely restricted to soft tissues, and less focus is placed on the use of hard tissues. Carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er: YAG) lasers, and Er, the erbium, chromium: yttrium: scandium gallium-garnet (Cr: YSGG) lasers are among the several types of lasers that have been utilized in dentistry for correction of soft tissues as well as for hard tissues.

Unlocking Hidden Teeth: A Pediatric Case of Surgical Exposure of Maxillary Central Incisors.

Failure in the eruption of the maxillary incisor necessitates a precise diagnosis and treatment regimen. Impaction can have a number of causes such as physical obstacles in the eruption path, discrepancy in the length of the dental arch, and tooth anomaly. Delayed eruption of anterior teeth can result in a number of issues such as malocclusion and psychological discomfort. In many cases, if the intervention is not done at an early stage, complex orthodontic intervention is required after surgical exposure to enable appropriate eruption. This case report is of a nine-year-old child with unerupted maxillary central incisors. The child was treated surgically for incisor exposure under general anesthesia (GA). Both functional and aesthetic considerations made this surgical procedure necessary. GA was administered due to the negative behavior of the child in a dental setting. Hence, it ensured patient comfort and cooperation. Follow-up examinations showed satisfactory progress in the eruption of the teeth with no complications.

Traditional Versus Advanced Pulp Capping Materials in Primary Teeth.

In situations where pulp degeneration and carious lesions may coexist, pulp therapy is a regularly employed method. Mineral trioxide aggregate, a material that is now utilized for indirect pulp treatment (IPT), is nontoxic and nonmutagenic. There is proof that the restoration margin can be sealed to manage the caries lesion. In terms of the clinical and radiological outcome, it has been demonstrated that IPT is more effective and secure than direct pulp capping and pulpotomy. The pulp capping treatment's goal is to protect the pulp from microorganisms as well as from thermal, electrical, chemical, and physical stimulation. There is evidence that suggests targeted caries clearance and composite restoration may stop caries lesions more effectively than full dentin removal. Various pulp capping materials that are available in the market were highlighted in this review, and the discussion of each material was expanded to demonstrate its clinical efficacy. Articles were specifically selected and discussed for the materials used for the IPT in the primary teeth as very few studies have been done so far in relation to this subject. A literature search in various libraries, including PubMed, Cochrane, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and other libraries, was done for several available materials that have been used for the IPT procedure in primary dentition in the last 20 years.

RésuméDans les situations où une dégénérescence pulpaire et des lésions carieuses peuvent coexister, la thérapie pulpaire est une méthode régulièrement employée. Agrégat de trioxyde minéral, un matériau qui est maintenant utilisé pour le traitement indirect de la pulpe (IPT), est non toxique et non mutagène. Il est prouvé que la marge de restauration peutêtre scellé pour gérer la lésion carieuse. En termes de résultats cliniques et radiologiques, il a été démontré que le TPI est plus efficace et plus sûr que le coiffage pulpaire direct et la pulpotomie. Le but du traitement de coiffage pulpaire est de protéger la pulpe des micro-organismes ainsi que des stimulation thermique, électrique, chimique et physique. Il existe des preuves suggérant que l'élimination ciblée des caries et la restauration composite peuventarrêter les lésions carieuses plus efficacement que l'ablation complète de la dentine. Divers matériaux de bouchage pulpaire disponibles sur le marché ont été mis en avantdans cette revue, et la discussion de chaque matériau a été élargie pour démontrer son efficacité clinique. Les articles ont été spécifiquement sélectionnés etdiscuté pour les matériaux utilisés pour l'IPT dans les dents de lait, car très peu d'études ont été réalisées jusqu'à présent sur ce sujet. Littérature une recherche dans diverses bibliothèques, notamment PubMed, Cochrane, ResearchGate, Scopus, ScienceDirect et d'autres bibliothèques, a été effectuée pour plusieurs matériaux disponibles qui ont été utilisés pour la procédure IPT en dentition primaire au cours des 20 dernières années.

Generalized Non-syndromic Hypertaurodontism With Delayed Eruption: A Case Report.

Taurodontism is a rare dental anomaly defined by a change in tooth shape due to Hertwig's epithelial sheath not folding inward at the right horizontal level. It has a larger pulp chamber and a pulpal floor that is shifted apically, and the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) is not constricted. This condition is more frequently observed in permanent teeth than in primary teeth and can occur in a bilateral or unilateral manner, affecting any quadrant or group of teeth. This brief case report discusses a 14-year-old female patient who presented with complaints of decayed teeth in the lower right and left posterior regions of the jaw. Radiographic examination revealed the presence of non-syndromic taurodontism in both the deciduous teeth and their permanent successors. Dental management included oral prophylaxis, application of pit and fissure sealants, indirect pulp capping, and restoration with glass ionomer cement for the affected teeth.

Understanding Coping Among Spouses of Persons With Alcohol Use Disorder at a General Hospital Psychiatry Unit De-addiction Center: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Alcoholism is seen as a severe social and health issue. It usually refers to the excessive and unrestrained intake of alcoholic beverages to the point where it becomes harmful to the health, interpersonal connections, and general social functioning of the drinker. The study aims to comprehend coping strategies used by spouses of people suffering from alcoholism and to make significant contributions to the fields of addiction and mental health services. Methodology The study was conducted at a General Hospital Psychiatry Unit De-addiction Center from November 2020 to April 2021. Fifty spouses of people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses took part in total. Structured questionnaires were used to gather sociodemographic data. The degree of AUD was measured with the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), and coping mechanisms were examined with the Questionnaire of Coping Strategies Used by Spouses of Alcoholic Clients. Results Out of 120 screened patients, 50 spouses participated in the study. The mean age of the spouses was 33.66 years and 35.08 years for husbands. Sixty percent of the spouses mainly worked in unskilled labor, and the majority (80%) were between the ages of 26 and 35. Based on SADQ scores, about 50% of husbands exhibited severe alcohol dependence. Among the spouses, engaged coping techniques were more common than tolerant or withdrawal coping strategies. Conclusion The results highlight the need for specialized therapies and support services to help spouses of people with AUD better manage their stress and improve their general well-being. Comprehending coping mechanisms within this framework can enhance therapy practice and lead to better results for AUD sufferers and their families.

Unravelling the Complexities of Bite Force Determinants in Paediatric Patients: A Literature Review.

The amount of maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) is determined by the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles, which are altered jaw biomechanics and reflex processes. Bite force (BF) measurements can yield valuable information on the activity and function of the jaw muscles. The accuracy of biting force measurements depends on several variables, including age, gender, malocclusion, dental caries, dental prostheses and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This information is essential for evaluating the development and function of the masticatory system, identifying potential abnormalities or impairments and guiding appropriate treatment interventions for paediatric patients. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the factors affecting bite force and the importance of these factors in assessing dental development and guiding interventions for paediatric patients with bite force-related issues. Additionally, establishing normative values for bite force in different age groups can aid in monitoring growth and detecting any deviations from expected patterns. Measuring bite force in paediatric patients is significant in comprehensive oral health assessment and management.

Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor Syndrome: A Case Report of a Unique Dental Anomaly.

Solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) syndrome is complex and usually develops 35-38 days postconception during the intrauterine period. A noteworthy discovery is that just one central incisor in the maxillary alveolus, found exactly on the centerline, is present in both deciduous and permanent dentitions with other congenital anomalies. Around one in every 50,000 live babies exhibits this abnormality. This report describes the case of a 13-year-old female patient with SMMCI syndrome with a complaint about an unsightly appearance due to a single large upper front tooth. We underline the importance of increasing clinician awareness of SMMCI syndrome and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its care.

Intentional Replantation as a Viable Option for Crown-Root Fracture in Maxillary Central Incisor: A Case Report.

Crown-root fractures are often challenging to treat and have a poor prognosis. The present case explains the successful management of a vertically fractured tooth treated by intentional replantation in a 12-year-old child. The patient underwent a successful 12-month follow-up, which included a mobility test and measurement of the gingival sulcus depth. Additionally, a radiological assessment was performed to evaluate the root resorption, the integrity of the alveolar cortex, and the periodontal space. We suggest that intentional replantation may be an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of cases of vertical crown-root fractures.

Success of Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair Therapy and Pulpectomy in the Management of Infected Primary Molars with Poor Prognosis.

Background and aim: To establish lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy as an alternate treatment option in managing infected primary molars with poor prognosis that were indicated for extraction, thereby fulfilling the objective of retaining the primary tooth till its normal exfoliation in the dental arch. Materials and methods: A total of 84 children who met the inclusion criteria requiring extraction in 142 teeth involving primary molars were included in the study. The selected patients were allocated to two groups, that is, group I-LSTR therapy with 3Mix-MP paste and group II-pulpectomy with metapex. All the treated teeth were then clinically and radiographically evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively, to determine the success between groups I and II. Pearson's Chi-squared test along with the z-test was used to compare the clinical and radiographic success of the two groups (p < 0.05). Results: Pain and tenderness were completely resolved within one month of follow-up in both groups. Abscesses were resolved completely at 1 month in the pulpectomy group and mobility was resolved at 6 months follow-up in both groups. Interradicular and periradicular radiolucency persisted even at 12 months of the follow-up period in both groups. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistical differences between LSTR and pulpectomy procedure and both were equally effective at all time intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both LSTR therapy with 3Mix-MP and pulpectomy with metapex showed 100% clinical success rates. Radiographically no changes were observed even at the 12-month follow-up period in both groups. LSTR therapy can be an alternative treatment option for pulpally involved primary teeth with poor prognosis and in cases where mechanical instrumentation could not be achieved due to physiologic root resorption. How to cite this article: Sefa I, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Success of Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair Therapy and Pulpectomy in the Management of Infected Primary Molars with Poor Prognosis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):41-47.

Comparative Evaluation of Low-level Diode Laser and Electrosurgical Pulpotomy in Primary Molars.

Aim: Considering the advantages of the nonpharmacotherapeutic techniques over the disadvantages of the pharmacotherapeutic agents, there is a need to evaluate clinically as well as radiographically various nonpharmacotherapeutic techniques to fortify them as replacements to the traditional pulpotomy. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of low-level diode laser (LLDL) and electrosurgical pulpotomy in primary molars. Materials and methods: Seventy primary molars were allocated to group I (n = 35) and group II (n = 35), which underwent LLDL pulpotomy and electrosurgical pulpotomy, respectively. Clinical and radiographic analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Pearson's Chi-squared test was utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures (p < 0.05). Results: During the 12-month follow-up period, the differences between the groups pertaining to clinical and radiographical evaluation were statistically nonsignificant, although enhanced results were seen in the laser pulpotomy group. There was no significant difference in the success rate observed between the LLDL pulpotomy and electrosurgical pulpotomy group at the end of the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: The two pulpotomy techniques were found to be successful enough in strengthening the concept of a potent and safe nonpharmacotherapeutic approach in the management of pulpally involved primary molars. Clinical significance: This study further establishes nonpharmacological pulpotomy techniques as a favorable alternative to traditional pulpotomy methods. How to cite this article: Roy S, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Low-level Diode Laser and Electrosurgical Pulpotomy in Primary Molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):612-618.

Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio.

Background and aim: To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the detection and prevalence of dental caries in children with different sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and its association with 2D:4D. Materials and methods: A total of 300 children below 71 months of age were assigned to two study groups-group I (caries-free) and group II (caries). PROP sensitivity test was carried out to determine the inherent genetic ability to taste a bitter or sweet substance. Evaluation of dietary preferences was carried out using a food preference questionnaire, which was completed by the parents of the children to know the child's dietary habits and their sweet, sour, and strong taste preferences. The length of the index (2D) and ring (4D) finger was measured with the help of digital vernier caliper to record the 2D:4D ratio. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results suggested a positive association between S-ECC and dietary preferences but could not establish a straightforward 1:1 relation between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC. Conclusion: An individual considered as nontaster by PROP test was a sweet liker with low 2D:4D ratio having high caries index. The association between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC should further be explored by taking other influencing factors into consideration before arriving at a definitive conclusion. How to cite this article: Srivastava SK, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):740-744.

Clinical Performance of Composite Resin Restorations of Primary Incisors with Extensive Carious Lesions Retained by Glass Fiber Post or Biological Post.

Aim: Intracanal posts enhance the resistance of the restoration to mechanical loads and masticatory forces in primary teeth with extensive carious breakdown. This study was done to investigate the clinical performance of composite resin restoration retained by either glass fiber post or biological post in the restoration of primary anterior teeth with extensive carious lesions. Materials and methods: A total of 21 children (with 82 primary anterior teeth) who met the inclusion criteria were involved in the study. The 82 primary maxillary incisors were randomly allocated into two equal groups: groups I (glass fiber post) and II (biological post). All the teeth underwent pulpectomy, followed by glass fiber post or biological post, followed by celluloid strip crown restoration. Clinical analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to assess the success of treatment procedures. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version "17" was used for statistical analysis. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. Results: At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, 89.4 and 84.2% of composite resin restorations of primary incisors with extensive carious lesions were retained by glass fiber and biological posts, respectively. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences pertaining to retention loss, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation at all follow-up intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion and clinical significance: Since biological posts are inexpensive and economical, they may replace the commercial post systems available to pediatric dentists. How to cite this article: Jaiswal N, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Clinical Performance of Composite Resin Restorations of Primary Incisors with Extensive Carious Lesions Retained by Glass Fiber Post or Biological Post. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):850-857.

Association between Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin Levels, and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study.

Aim: The presence of extensive dental caries leads to pain, inflammation, and discomfort and hence interferes with their nutritional intake, which includes iron deficiency anemia. This study was undertaken to determine whether any correlation exists between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), serum iron, and serum ferritin levels in children. Materials and methods: A total of 688 children were examined in the age-group of 2-6 years, and 82 children who fulfilled the selection criteria were equally divided into group I, that is, case group (carious group n = 41) and group II, that is, control group (caries-free group n = 41), on the basis of decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) scores. All the selected children in both groups underwent blood investigations through phlebotomy for assessment of serum iron and serum ferritin levels. Results: The mean values of variables, that is, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), are lower in the case group when compared to control group. The differences observed were statistically significant in case of dmft and UIBC values at p < 0.05 but not significant in cases of other variables like Hb, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC values. Conclusion: An inverse relationship was found between S-ECC, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels, but the evidence is still inconclusive. How to cite this article: Atri Y, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Association between Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin Levels, and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S288-S292.

Comparative evaluation of intracanal cryotherapy and curcumin as a final irrigant in reducing post endodontic pain in primary teeth.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracanal effectiveness of cryotherapy, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline as a final irrigant in reducing postendodontic pain in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 teeth between the ages of 4 and 7 years requiring pulpectomy in primary teeth were included in the study. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: intracanal cryotherapy using 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, or normal saline. Following completion of chemomechanical preparation, final irrigation with 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline solution at room temperature were employed in the groups. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their postoperative pain on the Visual Analog Scale before, immediate postoperative after wearing of local anesthetic effect, and 24 h after the procedure. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The differences in reduction of postendodontic pain between the three irrigating regimens were statistically not significant. Cryotherapy utilizing 2.5°C cold saline or curcumin irrigant can be used instead of normal saline as a final irrigant in pulpectomy of primary teeth. Conclusions: Cryotherapy can be a straightforward, cost-effective, and nontoxic treatment option for the management of postendodontic pain. Curcumin irrigant with its anti-inflammatory properties is also a better alternative as a final irrigant for reducing postoperative pain in primary teeth.

Dilute Silver Diamine Fluoride (1:10) Versus Light Cure Calcium Hydroxide as Indirect Pulp Capping Agents in Primary Molars - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of diluted silver diamine fluoride (1:10) and light cure calcium hydroxide as indirect pulp capping agents in primary molars. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-six primary molars requiring indirect pulp treatment were randomly allocated to two groups: Dilute SDF (one drop of SDF mixed with 9 drops of distilled water giving a 1:10 dilution) and light cure calcium hydroxide. The indirect pulp treatment was followed by glass ionomer cement restoration and all primary molars received stainless steel crown as full coverage restoration. The teeth were followed up both clinically and radiographically at 1,6- and 12-months' time interval using a pre-determined criterion. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi square analysis. The significance level was set at p ≤0.05. RESULTS: Overall clinical and radiographic success rate of indirect pulp treatment with SDF was 96% and with light cure calcium hydroxide was 91.6% respectively at the end of 12 months but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Dilute silver diamine fluoride (1:10) can be advocated as potential indirect pulp capping agent in primary molars with deep carious lesions.

Effect of three different conditioning agents on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer restorations - An in vitro study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the conditioning effects of phosphoric acid/5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixture, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, and 10% polyacrylic acid on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer (GI) restorations. Materials and Methods: Out of 68 extracted premolars, 34 teeth were selected for microleakage and 34 for bond strength evaluation. The samples were divided into the following four groups. Group 1: pretreatment with 50/50 volume% mixture of 5.25% NaOCl solution and 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Group 2:pretreatment with 2% CHX digluconate, Group 3: pretreatment with 10% polyacrylic acid (positive control), and Group 4: no pretreatment (negative control). All the samples were then restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and rhodamine-B dye penetration test. For bond strength, flat dentin surface was exposed and pretreated as mentioned previously and restored with GIC and was evaluated using universal testing machine. Results: Among all the four groups, Group 1 showed least microleakage and highest bond strength when compared with other groups. Whereas the Group 4 samples which were not pretreated with any of the conditioning agent showed the least shear bond strength with greatest cavosurface microleakage when compared to the groups which were pretreated with the conditioning agents. Conclusions: A combination of 50/50 volume % mixture of 37% H3PO4 and 5.25% NaOCl can be a good choice for surface pretreatment of GI restorations.

Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City.

Aim and objective: Recently, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has become more evident and one of the most common reasons for loss of teeth in children after dental caries. Being a country with a diverse ethnic population, the prevalence of MIH in different regions of India may differ. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of MIH in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Moradabad city. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in various schools of Moradabad city to target a sample of 2,300 children aged between 8 and 12 years. The examination was done in their respective schools by a calibrated examiner in natural daylight using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria for MIH 2015. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) for MIH was reported without any gender predilection. Molar hypomineralization showed a prevalence of 1.3% (29/2300) whereas the prevalence for hypomineralization of second primary molars was 1.4% (22/1620). The most common type of defect was type 2 and most of the affected teeth were of grade I. Mandibular molars were more commonly affected compared to the maxillary molars. Conclusions: A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) was observed for MIH. Frequent dental screening camps should be organized in schools at the community level for the enhancement of early diagnosis of MIH and designing appropriate management strategies. How to cite this article: Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):168-174.

Evaluation of biodentine pulpotomy in caries-exposed symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth in 9‒13-year-old children: A 24-month clinico-radiographic observation.

Background: The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Biodentine pulpotomy for 24 months in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth with caries exposure. Methods: Seventy-three patients with a chief complaint of spontaneous pain in permanent teeth were screened. Finally, 47 mature permanent teeth underwent a Biodentine pulpotomy procedure. Clinical evaluation of 47 teeth was carried out at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months and radiographic evaluations were made at 6, 12, and 24 months. The success of Biodentine pulpotomy was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. The significance level was determined at P<0.05. Results: At 24 months, the clinical and radiographic success rate was 97.78%, with only one clinical failure at 9 months. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine pulpotomy was high (97.78%). Thus, Biodentine pulpotomy can be an alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth.