Relationship between "nomophobia" and material addiction "cigarette" and factors affecting them.

Since technological devices used for communication affect communication between people, nomophobia is a disorder of a new age. In this study, we discuss the relationship between nomophobia and smoking addiction and the factors affecting them. The Demographic Information Form and Nomophobia Scale (NMP-Q), if they were smoking we applied The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) Scales were directed among students (n = 641) at Süleyman Demirel University studying Medicine, Dental, Nursing and Physiotherapy departments in the 1st and 4th grades. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the scores of the variables with more groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the NMP-Q and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Scale scores by Spearman correlation. Bonferroni test applied as Post Hoc test for multiple comparisons of groups. In our study, 267 (42.6%) of participants who had nomophobia refuse to be dependent and smartphone addiction level was found to be 99.69 for all students. Responses were received from 73.2% (n = 469) female and 26.8% (n = 172) male participants. There is no significant difference between smokers in terms of factors in nomophobia (P > .05). The total score of the questionnaire (P < .01*) by gender and averages scores of women were higher in all mentioned sub-dimensions and total scores. In our study, there was no correlation between nomophobia and cigarette addiction because of the low number of smokers participating in our survey. Therefore, new conflicts with wider audiences are needed to examine the relationship between these two addictions.

Assessment of Corneal Parameters in Patients with Constitutional Thinness Using Scheimpflug Imaging.

PURPOSE: To assess corneal parameters in constitutional thinness (CT) subjects and to compare them with those of healthy individuals. METHODS: Twenty-four CT subjects (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) and 24 healthy subjects (BMI: 18.5-25 kg/m2) were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study. All participants were screened for age, gender, and medical history, then underwent a detailed ophthalmological examination. Corneal parameters were evaluated by Scheimpflug imaging. Height and weight of all subjects were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS: The mean corneal thicknesses at the apex point, the center of pupil, the thinnest point, and the mean corneal volume were significantly lower in CT patients than those of controls. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly lower in CTs than in controls. There was a significant correlation between BMI and IOP, and BMI was significantly correlated with all pachymetric measurements and corneal volume. CONCLUSION: Corneal thicknesses were significantly thinner in CT subjects compared to those in control subjects. The impact of constitutional thinness on corneal parameters should be further investigated.

The Investigation of Symptoms and Diagnoses of Adult-Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder in Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate symptoms and diagnoses of Adult-Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in women with iron deficiency anemia, to evaluate relationship between ADHD with clinical features and to compare with the women without iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: Eighty-three newly diagnosed iron deficiency anemia patients and 70 healthy controls were included in this study. All participants were assessed using a sociodemographic form, Structured Clinical Interview I (SCID-I), Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS); Moreover, participants having WURS scores 36 and above were also assessed using the Adult ADD/ADHD Evaluation Scale and interviewed according to DSM-5 criteria. RESULTS: In the study, 22.9% of patients with iron deficiency anemia and 12.9% of healthy controls were found to have WURS scores 36 and above. Fifteen patients (18.1%) in iron deficiency anemia group and two patients (2.9%) in control group had adult ADHD, when they were evaluated with Adult ADD/ADHD Evaluation Scale and interviewed according to DSM-5 criteria (p=0.007). The patients with iron deficiency anemia had significantly higher WURS scores compared to controls (p=0.002). The levels of iron and ferritin had negative correlation (r=-0.166, p<0.05; r=-0.255, p<0.01, respectively) and the levels of serum iron binding capacity had positive correlation (r=0.255, p<0.01) with the scores of WURS. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of adult ADHD is higher than those reported for general population in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Early diagnose and treatment of adult ADHD may positively contribute to the patients with iron deficiency anemia.

Effect of alpha lipoic acid on smoking-induced skin damage.

OBJECTIVE: Exposed to cigarette leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species and the generation of bioactive molecules that can damage skin cells. This investigation was carried out to study possible effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) on smoking-induced rat skin injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 28 Spraque-Dawley female rats were allocated into three groups: control group (n = 8), smoking group (n = 10; 12 cigarettes/day, 8 weeks) and smoking + ALA group (n = 10; 12 cigarettes/day + 100 mg/kg, 8 weeks). Experiment group animals were sacrificed under anaesthesia with 10%ketamine + 2%xylasine at the end of second mounts and then skin examples were taken from the epigastric area. Histochemical (Haematoxylin-Eosin and Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemical (TNF-α) and biochemical analysis (CAT, MDA and protein carbonylation) were performed on these skin tissues. RESULTS: Histologically, skin was distinguished normal structure in the control group. In the smoking group, collagen bundles and hair follicle degradation/reduction, sweat gland degeneration, mononuclear cell infiltration in dermis were encountered. In ALA-treated group, all of these changes were improved (p < 0.05). Collagen bundles structures were appearance more regular than the smoking group . Immunohistologically, intense staining was observed in the smoking group, while very weak staining was observed in control group, weak staining was observed in the ALA-treated group. Biochemically; The CAT activity compared to cigarette group with control was raised high and in ALA group was higher compared to both groups, but not significant (p > 0.05). MDA; which is indicator of lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in cigarette group than in control group (p < 0.05) and was significantly lower in ALA group than cigarette (p < 0.05). Protein carbonylation was higher in cigarette group than the control group but not in the non-significant (p > 0.05). In the ALA it was significantly lower compared to the control group and cigarette (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on biochemical and histopathological determinations, the study showed that cigarette smoke can cause degenerative effects on skin tissues in rats. However, ALA has a curative effect on cigarette-induced injuries on the skin tissues by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.

Mechanical prosthetic valve disease is related with an increase in depression and anxiety disorder.

AIM: Patients with organic disease can present with psychiatric symptoms. We hypothesized that since patients with prosthetic heart valve require frequent hospital followup and are at higher risk for complications, the incidence of depression and anxiety is higher in these patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study prospectively studied 98 consecutive patients with mechanical prosthetic heart valve. All patients fulfilled prosthetic heart valve evaluation form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS). Complete blood count, basic metabolic panel and echocardiogram results were collected for all the patients. RESULTS: Using the BDI, there were 26 patients (27%) with no depression, 20 (20%) with mild depression, 38 (39%) with moderate, 4 (4%) with severe and 10 (10%) patients with very severe depression. Avarege score was 18.3±11.4 on BDI and 19.1±11.1 on HAS. The depression level was positively associated with prothrombin time (p les than 0.001) and international normalized ratio (INR) level (p les than 0.001). Hamilton Anxiety Scale was significantly correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.344; p=0.002), blood transfusion (r: 0.370; p les than 0.001), obesity (r: 0.319; p=0.007) and Beck Depression Scale was correlated with comorbidities (r: 0.328; p=0.002), in patients with prosthetic heart valve disease. CONLUSION: Patients with prosthetic heart valve have higher prevalence of depression and higher scores of anxiety and depression. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of depression and anxiety may decrease the morbidity in prosthetic heart valve disease. Besides, use of new oral anticoagulant agents that do not need INR check, could decrease anxiety and depression in the future.