The effect depression levels in midwives have on burnout and their level of job satisfaction.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the effect of depression levels in midwives on burnout and job satisfaction. METHODS: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 322 midwives working in a province located in the eastern region of Turkey. Data were collected by using the Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MJSQ) Short Form. RESULTS: The rate of midwives experiencing depression was found to be 9.6%. The mean score of MJSQ was 64.59±13.29, while the mean scores for the sub-dimensions of MBI were: emotional burnout 18.57±6.65, decrease in sense of personal accomplishment 21.65±3.93, and depersonalization 6.25±3.86. It was found that midwives who did not experience depression (90.4%) had a higher level of job satisfaction and a higher sense of personal accomplishment (p<0.05). On the other hand, midwives experiencing depression (9.6%) had higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. It was found that there was a negative weak relationship between BDI and job satisfaction and personal accomplishment, and a positive weak relationship between BDI and emotional exhaustion (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It was determined that midwives with depression have lower levels of job satisfaction and personal success, and experience emotional exhaustion more frequently. In addition, it was observed that as the level of depression decreased, job satisfaction and personal success increased significantly, whereas emotional exhaustion decreased.

The Turkish validity and reliability study of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy.

AIM: This study aims to adapt the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) developed by Barrett et al. to Turkish by checking its validity and reliability. METHOD: The sample of this methodological study consisted of 596 pregnant women who were referred to the antenatal outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected from those who agreed to participate in the study, by using a personal information form and the six-item LMUP. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical package programs, and statistically assessed using descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and SD, language and content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and test-retest analysis. RESULTS: The EFA revealed that the Turkish version of the LMUP consisted of five items and one factor. The items' factor loadings were above 0.30, and explained 68.89% of the total variance. The CFA supported the one-factor structure of the scale, which was revealed by the EFA. As a result of the CFA, the fit indices were found to be very good. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.90. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the LMUP is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate unplanned pregnancy.

Adenoviral vaccines promote protective tissue-resident memory T cell populations against cancer.

BACKGROUND: Adenoviral vectors emerged as important platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccination with adenoviral vectors is promising in this respect, however, their specific mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Here, we assessed the development and maintenance of vaccine-induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cells elicited upon immunization with adenoviral vectors. METHODS: Adenoviral vaccine vectors encoding the full-length E7 protein from human papilloma virus (HPV) or the immunodominant epitope from E7 were generated, and mice were immunized intravenously with different quantities (107, 108 or 109 infectious units). The magnitude, kinetics and tumor protection capacity of the induced vaccine-specific T cell responses were evaluated. RESULTS: The adenoviral vaccines elicited inflationary E7-specific memory CD8+ T cell responses in a dose-dependent manner. The magnitude of these vaccine-specific CD8+ T cells in the circulation related to the development of E7-specific CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, which were maintained for months in multiple tissues after vaccination. The vaccine-specific CD8+ T cell responses conferred long-term protection against HPV-induced carcinomas in the skin and liver, and this protection required the induction and accumulation of CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, the formation of CD8+ TRM cells could be enhanced by temporal targeting CD80/CD86 costimulatory interactions via CTLA-4 blockade early after immunization. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data show that adenoviral vector-induced CD8+ T cell inflation promotes protective TRM cell populations, and this can be enhanced by targeting CTLA-4.