Dual time point imaging of staging PSMA PET/CT quantification; spread and radiomic analyses.

OBJECTIVE: The aims were to evaluate the performance of models that predict Gleason Grade (GG) groups with radiomic data obtained from the prostate gland in dual time 68Ga-Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET/CT) images for prostate cancer (PCa) staging, and to analyze the contribution of late imaging to the radiomic model and to evaluate the relationship of the distance between tumor foci in the body (Dmax) obtained in early PET images with histopathology and prostate specific antigen (PSA) value. METHODS: Between October 2020 and August 2021, 41 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for staging of PCa were retrospectively analyzed. Volumetric and radiomics data were obtained from early and late PSMA PET images. The differences between age, metastasis status, PSA, standard uptake value (SUV), volumetric and radiomics parameters between GG groups were analyzed. Early and late PET radiomic models were created, area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the models were obtained. In addition, the correlation of Dmax values with total PSMA-tumor volume (TV), Total lesion (TL)-PSMA and PSA values was evaluated. In metastatic patients, the difference in Dmax between GG groups was analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between patients with GG ≤ 3 and > 3 in 35 of the early PET radiomic features. In the early PET model, multivariate analyses showed that GLRLM_RLNU and PSA were the most meaningful parameters. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the early model in detecting patients with GG > 3 were calculated as 0.902, 76.2%, 84% and 78.1%, respectively. In 36 late PET radiomic features, there was a significant difference between patients with GG ≤ 3 and > 3. In multivariate analyses; SHAPE_compacity and PSA were obtained as the most meaningful parameters. The AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values of the late model in detecting patients with GG > 3 were calculated as 0.924, 85.7%, 85% and 85.4%. There was a strong correlation between Dmax and PSA values (p < 0.001, rho: 0.793). Dmax showed strong correlation with PSMA-TVtotal and TL-PSMAtotal (p < 0.001, rho: 0.797; p < 0.001, rho: 0.763, respectively). In patients with metastasis, median Dmax values of the GG > 3 group were higher than GG ≤ 3 group; A statistically significant difference was obtained between these two groups (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Model generated from the late PSMA PET radiomic data had better performance in the current study. Without the use of invasive methods, the heterogeneity and aggressiveness of the primary tumor and the prediction of GG groups may be possible with 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images obtained for diagnostic purposes especially with late PSMA PET/CT imaging.

Infantile Nephropathic Cystinosis: A Novel CTNS Mutation.

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by the accumulation of cystine in lysosomes, which results from defects in the carrier-mediated transport protein encoded by the CTNS gene. Infantile nephropathic cystinosis (INC) is one of the major complications of cystinosis. It is characterized by findings of Fanconi's syndrome within the first year of life. Here we report two patients with INC presenting with signs of Fanconi's syndrome and describe a novel CTNS mutation.

Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on dose-dependent intoxication of rats with paraquat.

PURPOSE: Paraquat (PQ; 1,1'dimethyl-bipyridilium 4,4'-dichloride), which is used extensively throughout the world, is highly toxic to humans. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of different doses of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on PQ-intoxicated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 80 rats were divided into the following eight groups, comprising 10 rats in each group: group 1: control; group 2: administered with CAPE (10 µmol/kg); group 3: administered with 15 mg/kg PQ (PQ15 group); group 4: administered with 30 mg/kg PQ (PQ30 group); group 5: administered with 45 mg/kg PQ (PQ45 group); group 6: administered with 15 mg/kg PQ + CAPE; group 7: administered with 30 mg/kg PQ + CAPE and group 8: administered with 45 mg/kg PQ + CAPE. Both PQ and CAPE were injected intraperitoneally. Pancreatic tissue was examined with both haematoxylin and eosin and immunochemical staining. RESULTS: The ratio of the immunohistochemical staining area to the total pancreatic area of the ß cells revealed that statistically significant differences were observed only between the PQ and PQ + CAPE groups (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The evaluation of the data suggests that CAPE can be used to prevent acute effects of PQ intoxication.