ABSTRACT
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne, zoonotic orthoflavivirus causing human encephalitis and reproductive disorders in pigs. Cell-intrinsic antiviral restriction factors are the first line of defense that prevent a virus from establishing a productive infection, while the molecular mechanism of the virus-host interaction is still not fully understood. Our in vitro experiments demonstrated that the Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 12 (SLC25A12) interacted with the JEV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) and inhibited JEV replication. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown or knockout of SLC25A12 promoted JEV replication, while overexpression of SLC25A12 repressed viral replication. Finally, we demonstrated that SLC25A12 increased IRF7 mRNA levels, which promoted IFN-ß expression and subsequently induced antiviral effects. Collectively, our study revealed that SLC25A12 interacted with NS1, inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and transcription and enhancing type I interferon induction for antiviral effects.
Subject(s)
Encephalitis Virus, Japanese , Interferon Type I , Viral Nonstructural Proteins , Virus Replication , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/physiology , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/immunology , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism , Interferon Type I/metabolism , Interferon Type I/immunology , Interferon Type I/genetics , Animals , Humans , Swine , Cell Line , HEK293 Cells , Encephalitis, Japanese/virology , Encephalitis, Japanese/immunology , Interferon-beta/genetics , Interferon-beta/metabolism , Interferon-beta/immunology , Host-Pathogen InteractionsABSTRACT
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a pathogen with a substantial impact on both livestock and human health. However, the critical host factors in the virus life cycle remain poorly understood. Using a library comprising 123411 small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting 19050 human genes, we conducted a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based screen to identify essential genes for JEV replication. By employing knockout or knockdown techniques on genes, we identified eleven human genes crucial for JEV replication, such as prolactin releasing hormone receptor (PRLHR), activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3 (ASCC3), acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 (ACSL3), and others. Notably, we found that PRLHR knockdown blocked the autophagic flux, thereby inhibiting JEV infection. Taken together, these findings provide effective data for studying important host factors of JEV replication and scientific data for selecting antiviral drug targets.