Interpretation of and lessons from the guidelines on infection prevention and control of old-age institutions in the context of COVID-19 pandemic / 上海预防医学

This paper interprets the content and recommendations of the guidelines on infection prevention and control in long-term care facilities put forward by the World Health Organization （WHO） during the 2019 coronavirus disease （COVID-19） pandemic， and actively explores the key points of nursing and infection prevention and control measures for the long-term care facilities under the background of repeated outbreaks， with the aim of providing care measures and infection prevention and control measures that suit our national conditions to improve the living standards of the elderly and protect them from viral infection amid the recurring pandemic.

Biocontrol arsenals of bacterial endophyte: An imminent triumph against clubroot disease.

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate, biotrophic pathogen, sabotages various pathways in host plant, causes root infection and impedes growth and known as the greatest threat to cruciferous crop production worldwide. Various control measures such as genetic resistance, application of chemical compounds and biological fungicides and other cultural practices have not been fruitful. Biological control based upon the idea of implying nature to work for nature, is sound. Endophytes are ubiquitous to kingdom planta thus plant-endophyte association is intimate and dynamic. Bacterial endophytes offer many benefits to plant by acting as growth promoters and disease defenders. Endophyte-mediated biocontrol is achieved by exclusion of pathogen via niche and nutrient competition, by producing anti-microbial compounds and inducing host defense responses. Many rhizobacteria and some endophytes have been tested for clubroot control. In this review, efforts are made to summarize recent developments in biocontrol through endophytes, with latest improvements in biocontrol of clubroot disease are focused specifically.

Preliminary exploration and evaluation of POL intervention in young students at high-risk of AIDS / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#Explore the feasibility of POL intervention based on life skills in young students at high-risk of AIDS, and to provide reference for POL intervention.@*Methods@#Nine potential POLs were recruited from young students at high risk of AIDS in Xi’an, and received life-skill-based interventions from May to October in 2017. A unified approach was adopted before the intervention. The effect of intervention was evaluated at 1 month and 3 months after the intervention.@*Results@#The difference in POLs peer status and psychosocial ability scores was not significant after the intervention. The scores of persistence efficacy dimension of condom use efficacy before, 1-month and 3-month after the intervention were (10.56±1.88)(11.11±2.21)(12.89±2.09)(F=6.84, P<0.05) respectively. No significant changes were found in AIDS-related knowledge and behavior before and after the intervention. POL has increased from 108 students before intervention to 216 publicity coverage after three months intervention, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Feasibility analysis of the POL intervention showed that 8 of the POLs considered to be "very useful".@*Conclusion@#Life skill-based POL intervention for young students at high-risk of AIDS has a wide coverage and reasonable acceptance, as well as condom use adherence. The long-term effectiveness still needs to be verified.

Role of Autar scale in risk assessment and prevention of deep venous thrombosis after stroke / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of Autar scale in risk assessment on deep venous thrombosis after stroke. Methods From March 2016 to March 2018, 234 stroke patients admitted to our hospital were selected in our study. According to the random digit table, they were divided into the control group and the observation group, 117 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing, while those in the observation group were given risk assessment by Autar scale, and the predictive nursing scheme was adopted based on the evaluation results. The two groups were compared in view of incidence of deep venous thrombosis. Self-rating depressive scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were used to evaluate the mental status before and after intervention. Results The incidences of venous thrombosis and hospitalization time in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.001). After the intervention, the scores of SDS and SAS in the two groups decreased significantly, and the mental state was basically at the normal level. The scores of SDS and SAS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.001). Conclusions Autar scale used for the risk assessment can effectively prevent deep venous thrombosis after stroke, help to improve the mental state of patients, and promote physical recovery of stroke patients. It has of high value for clinical application.

Identification of steroid biosynthetic defects in genotype-proven heterozygote individuals with 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the adrenal steroidogenic function in genotype-proven heterozygotes carrying mutations in CYP17A1 gene in vivo. Methods Eight patients and 14 family members from 5 families with 17-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) were recruited. The mutations of the CYP17A1 gene in these individuals were screened by direct sequencing of PCR products. The hormonal response to ACTH was evaluated in the 14 genotype-proven carriers and 45 age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Results Three mutations were found in 5 unrelated families. 14 carriers with CYP17A1 mutation were identified, including 7 heterozygotes with D487_F489del, 6 with Y329fs, and 1 for H373L. Compared to the normal subjects, the carriers exhibited lower basal and ACTH-stimulated cortisol levels, but higher ACTH-stimulated corticosterone level. The ratios of corticosterone to cortisol in the genotype-proven heterozygotes were higher than those of normal individuals at baseline and following ACTH-stimulation. Similarly, progesterone level and ratios of progesterone to 17-hydroxyprogesterone in the male heterozygotes were also higher than that of normal individuals before and after stimulation. No significant differences were observed in the hormone levels between two genotypes (D487_F489del vs Y329fs). Conclusions Genotype-proven carriers of 17OHD without apparent clinical symptoms exhibit decreased enzyme activity,analogous to mildly impaired adrenal 21-hydroxylase activity in the carriers of CYP21 A2 gene mutation.