ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas (r/r PTCLs) are a group of rare and aggressive diseases that lack effective therapies. Constitutive activation of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is reported to be associated with PTCLs. Golidocitinib is an oral, potent JAK1 selective inhibitor evaluated in a phase I/II multinational study in patients with r/r PTCLs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with r/r PTCLs were eligible. The primary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability of golidocitinib and to define its recommended phase II dose (RP2D). The secondary objectives were to evaluate its antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics (PK). RESULTS: A total of 51 patients were enrolled and received golidocitinib treatment at 150 or 250 mg once daily (QD). The median prior lines of therapies were 2 (range: 1-8). Golidocitinib was tolerated at both doses tested, while a higher incidence of serious adverse events and dose modifications at 250 mg were observed. The most common grade ≥3 drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (11.8%). An objective response rate of 39.2% and a complete response rate of 21.6% were observed. With median follow-up time of 14.7 and 15.9 months, the median duration of response (DoR) and progression-free survival were 8.0 and 3.3 months, respectively. Based on these data, 150 mg QD was defined as the RP2D. Golidocitinib demonstrated a favorable PK profile as an oral agent. Biomarker analysis suggested a potential correlation between JAK/STAT pathway aberrations and clinical activity of golidocitinib. CONCLUSIONS: In this phase I study, golidocitinib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and encouraging antitumor efficacy in heavily pretreated patients with r/r PTCLs. These results support the initiation of the multinational pivotal study in patients with r/r PTCLs.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy , Janus Kinases , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy , STAT Transcription Factors , Signal Transduction , Janus Kinase 1ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Physical frailty and impaired executive function of the brain show similar pathophysiology. Both of these factors lead to dysfunction of neuromuscular and abilities in elderly. High-speed power training (HSPT) has been determined to have positive effects on neuromuscular function and gait performance, as well as executive function in the elderly. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week HSPT on neuromuscular, gait and executive functions in frail elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: We performed a randomized controlled trial of frail elderly from community and medical center in republic of Korea. Forty-two physically frail elderly with MCI were randomly allocated to control (n=22, age=74.22±4.46) and intervention groups (n=18, age=73.77±4.64). The intervention group was subjected to HSPT, 3 times weekly for 8 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Isometric contraction of knee extension and flexion with electromyography (EMG) was measured to determine the neuromuscular function such as knee extensor strength, rate of torque development, movement time, pre-motor time, motor time, rate of EMG rise, and hamstrings antagonist co-activation. Additionally, the 4.44-meter gait and timed up-and-go (TUG) test were administered to assess gait performance. A frontal assessment battery was measured in this study. RESULTS: The 8-week HSPT regimen improved the knee extensor strength from 1.13±0.08 to 1.25±0.07 (p<0.05), the 200-ms RTD from 3.01±0.3 to 3.55±0.24 (p<0.05) and the rate of EMG rise from 166.48±13.31 to 197.94±11.51 (p<0.05), whereas the movement time and motor time were statistically decreased from 921.69±40.10 to 799.51±72.84, and 271.40±19.29 to 181.15±38.08 (p<0.05), respectively. The 4.44-m gait speed and TUG significantly decreased from 6.39±0.25 to 5.5±0.24, and 11.05±0.53 to 9.17±0.43 respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest the favorable effects of 8-week HSPT on the neuromuscular function and the gait performance in the frail elderly with MCI without increase in the executive function.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy , Executive Function/physiology , Exercise Therapy/methods , Frail Elderly/psychology , Gait/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Nervous System Physiological Phenomena , Aged , Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology , Frail Elderly/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cognitive frailty is defined as the presence of both physical frailty and cognitive impairment (clinical dementia rating score = 0.5), in the absence of dementia. It is characterized by concurrent physical frailty and potentially reversible cognitive impairment. In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of high-speed resistance exercise training on cognitive function and physical performance in older adults with cognitive frailty. METHODS: We conducted a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial involving community-living older adults with cognitive frailty. The participants' mean age was 73.9 (± 4.3 SD) years, and 69.8% (n=30) were female. Two different 4-month interventions included high-speed resistance exercise training group (n=22) and a control group (balance and band stretching, n=23). Frailty score, cognitive function (memory, processing speed, cognitive flexibility, working memory, executive function), physical function (SPPB, TUG, gait speed), and muscle strength (grip strength, knee extension strength) were assessed at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that exercise improved performance significantly in the tests for cognitive function (processing speed and executive function, both p < 0.05), physical function (SPPB, TUG, gait speed, both p < 0.05), and muscle strength (grip strength, knee extension strength, both p < 0.05). However, no significant changes in frailty score were observed between intervention and either control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our findings indicate that high-speed resistance exercise training approaches are effective in improving cognitive function and physical performance in older adults with cognitive frailty. This study shows that it is feasible to identify older adults with cognitive frailty in the community and primary care setting for effective intervention to reduce their level of frailty and cognitive impairment.
Subject(s)
Cognition/physiology , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Exercise Therapy , Frailty/prevention & control , Frailty/psychology , Resistance Training , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Executive Function/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Memory , Muscle Strength/physiology , Physical Functional PerformanceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The image quality of neck CT is frequently disturbed by streak artifact from the shoulder girdles. Our aim was to determine the effects of an arm traction device on image quality and radiation exposure in neck CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with lymphoma with complete remission who were scheduled to undergo 2 consecutive follow-up neck CT scans for surveillance within a 1-year interval were enrolled in this prospective study. They underwent 2 consecutive neck CT scans (intervention protocol: patients with an arm traction device; standard protocol: no positioning optimization) on the same CT system. The primary outcome measures were image noise in the lower neck and dose-length product. Secondary outcomes were streak artifacts in the supraclavicular fossa, volume CT dose index, and the extent of the biacromial line shift. RESULTS: Seventy-three patients were enrolled and underwent 2 consecutive CT scans with a mean interval of 155 days. In the intervention protocol, a mean noise reduction in the lower neck of 25.2%-28.5% (P < .001) was achieved, and a significant decrease in dose-length product (413 versus 397, P < .001) was observed. The intervention protocol significantly decreased streak artifacts (P < .001) and volume CT dose index (13.9 versus 13.4, P < .001) and could lower the biacromial line an average of 2.1 cm. CONCLUSIONS: An arm traction device can improve image quality and reduce radiation exposure during neck CT. The device can be simply applied in cooperative patients with suspected lower neck lesions, and the approach offers distinct advantages over the conventional imaging protocol.
Subject(s)
Artifacts , Lymphoma/diagnostic imaging , Radiation Exposure , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation , Traction/instrumentation , Adult , Aged , Arm , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neck/diagnostic imaging , Prospective Studies , Radiation Dosage , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Traction/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Current standard treatment, including non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy and optimal combining of radiotherapy, has dramatically improved outcomes of patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) during the last decade. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical outcome of ENKTL patients with relapsed or progressive disease after initial current standard therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients diagnosed with ENKTL at six centers in four countries (China, France, Singapore, and South Korea) from 1997 to 2015 and analyzed 179 patients who had relapsed or progressed after initial current standard therapy. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 58.6 months (range 27.9-89.2), the median second progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.04-5.16] and overall survival (OS) was 6.4 months (95% CI 4.36-8.51). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that elevated lactate dehydrogenase, multiple extranodal sites (≥2), and presence of B symptoms were associated with inferior OS (P < 0.05). OS and PFS were significantly different according to both prognostic index of natural killer lymphoma (PINK) and PINK-E (Epstein-Barr virus) models. Salvage chemotherapy with l-asparaginase (l-Asp)-based regimens showed a significantly better clinical benefit to response rate and PFS, although it did not lead to OS improvement. First use of l-Asp in the salvage setting and l-Asp rechallenge at least 6 months after initial treatment were the best candidates for salvage l-Asp containing chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL had poor prognosis with short survival. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory ENKTL.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anthracyclines/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Salvage Therapy , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
This paper presents the formation of complex cross-sectional microfibers using three-dimensional microfluidic devices. The compartments and shapes of core and shell layers in the microfibers were independently controlled via three-dimensional fluidic channels fabricated by the combination of sheath units. The number of layers is easily expanded by the stacking of these units. Therefore, the highly heterogeneous microfibers of alginate hydrogel are obtained in polydimethylsiloxane structures. This widely expandable method has great potential for the development of functional and complex fiber-shaped materials.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Everolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, has single-agent activity against relapsed lymphomas. Thus, we carried out a phase II study of everolimus in combination with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) as a first-line treatment for patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) based on our phase I study results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants (n = 30) received CHOP with 5 mg everolimus per day from day 1 to 14 every 21 days for a total of six cycles. The primary end point was the overall response rate (ORR), which included complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) to this regimen. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of phosphatase and tensin homology (PTEN) and phosphorylated S6 kinase (pS6K) as a response. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 90% with CR (n = 17) and PR (n = 10). The CR rate was different among subtypes; angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL, n = 3) had a CR whereas PTCL-not-otherwise specified and ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) patients showed 63% (12/19) and 29% (2/7) of CR rate, respectively. This difference in CR rate among subtypes was associated with PTEN loss because PTEN loss was not seen in AITL but 33% of ALCL patients. The most common toxicity was hematological, with 80% of patients experiencing at least one event of grade 3/4 neutropenia, and 60% of patients had grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSION: The everolimus plus CHOP was effective for PTCL patients, and its efficacy might be related with the preservation of PTEN.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Everolimus/administration & dosage , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Disease-Free Survival , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Everolimus/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/biosynthesis , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Prednisone/adverse effects , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/administration & dosage , Vincristine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the elderly is defined only in adults older than 50 years. However, EBV-positive DLBCL can affect younger patients. We investigated the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of EBV-positive DLBCL in young adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed patients with de novo DLBCL who were registered in the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) retrospective lymphoma cohort and prospective SMC Lymphoma Cohort Study I (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00822731). RESULTS: A total of 571 cases were included in the analysis. The prevalence of EBV positivity was 6.7% (13/195) and 9.3% (35/376) in the young group (≤50 years) and in the elderly group (>50 years), respectively. EBV status was closely associated with unique unfavorable clinical characteristics [older age, more advanced stage, two or more sites of extranodal involvement, higher International Prognostic Index (IPI), and age-adjusted IPI risk] only in the elderly group. Poor prognostic impact of EBV positivity on overall survival was observed only in the elderly group [hazard ratio (HR) 2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83-4.47; P < 0.001], but not in the young group (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.35-3.89; P = 0.801). CONCLUSION: A substantial proportion of EBV-positive DLBCL of the elderly can occur in young adults. EBV positivity of DLBCL in young adults was not associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics or worse outcomes. We suggest that EBV-positive DLBCL should not be confined only in the elderly and 'EBV-positive DLBCL in young adults' needs to be considered as a clinically distinct disease entity. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02060435.
Subject(s)
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/diagnosis , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/epidemiology , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Humans , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Although the International Prognostic Index (IPI) is considered as the current standard prognostication system for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), prognostic heterogeneity is suggested to exist among the patients within the same IPI risk group. Hence, we investigated the pattern of distribution and prognostic impact of five IPI factors within the same IPI score. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 387 patients newly diagnosed as pathologically proven DLBCL between February 2002 and February 2010. We classified patients to IPI risk scores and categorized them according to the combinations of IPI. Then, we explored the frequency of five IPI factors and analyzed the correlation between these subgroups and efficacy outcomes: complete response (CR), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Survival estimates by IPI score in this cohort corresponded to the classic IPI. Elevated serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was the most prevalently distributed factor throughout the scores, and patients with elevated serum level of LDH tended to have lower CR, inferior EFS, and/or OS irrespective of IPI scores. Particularly, among the subgroups of IPI score of 2, elevated serum level of LDH was significantly associated with inferior CR (73.1 vs 95.2 %), 3-year EFS (57 vs 87 %), and 3-year OS (58 vs 82 %). In addition, the higher serum level of LDH, particularly above 2,000 IU/L, was significantly correlated with the inferior survival outcomes (3-year EFS 78.0 vs 58.5 vs 45.5 vs 20.0 %, 3-year OS 86.0 vs 66.2 vs 58.2 vs 40.0 %). In conclusion, among five factors of IPI, elevated serum level of LDH seems to be the most frequently distributed and, more importantly, the most relevant IPI factor with the highest prognostic impact. These findings still warrant further validation in larger cohorts.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood , Neoplasm Proteins/blood , Severity of Illness Index , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Disease-Free Survival , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prednisone/administration & dosage , Remission Induction , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rituximab , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/administration & dosage , Young AdultABSTRACT
Tin (Sn) and tungsten (W) co-doped vanadium dioxide (VO2) nanostructured thin films with 50-nm thickness were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to reduce the transition temperature and improve the IR transmittance. The crystal structure of the nanostructured thin films and the presence of elements were evaluated by XRD and XPS analysis. The transition temperature (T(c)) of 1 at% Sn-1 at% W co-doped VO2 nanostructured thin film was decreased to about 22 degrees C (from 70.3 to 48.5 degrees C) compared with the undoped VO2 nanostructured thin film. The transmittance width in the IR range of the co-doped nanostructured thin film decreased from 37.5% to 27% compared with the undoped VO2 nanostructured thin film. Also, the width of hysteresis was narrowed by Sn doping.
Subject(s)
Lasers , Nanostructures , Oxides/chemistry , Tin/chemistry , Tungsten/chemistry , Vanadium Compounds/chemistry , Crystallography, X-Ray , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Photoelectron SpectroscopyABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) findings in patients with stage IE/IIE extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) arising in the nasal cavity and to evaluate whether imaging findings revealed by CT have prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings of 62 patients diagnosed with IE/IIE ENKTL arising in the nasal cavity were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging findings were investigated, and evaluated imaging findings were analysed for the prognostic value of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Of the 62 patients, 21 (34%) presented with a superficial infiltrative, 38 (61%) with a mass forming, and three (5%) with a combined pattern. Of all imaging findings, local invasiveness (n = 26, 42%), including bony destruction, erosion, or soft-tissue involvement, was the only independent prognostic factor for OS [p = 0.008; hazard ratio (HR): 3.85; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.42-10.44] and DFS (p = 0.001; HR: 4.25; 95% CI: 1.72-10.47). In a subgroup analysis of 36 cases with no local invasiveness, a superficial infiltrative pattern in one nasal cavity was a positive prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.028) and DFS (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Imaging findings at CT provided clinically useful predictions for treatment outcomes. Local invasiveness revealed by CT findings was a strong prognostic factor for poor OS and DFS. In addition, in patients with no local invasiveness, a superficial infiltrative pattern in one nasal cavity predicted favourable OS and DFS.
Subject(s)
Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/diagnostic imaging , Nasal Cavity/diagnostic imaging , Nose Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Nose Neoplasms/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
A total of 244 patients including 100 (41%) autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients and 144 (59%) allogeneic HCT recipients were enrolled over a 28-month period. During the study period, no prophylaxis for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection was administrated. Of these, 201 (82%) had Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scars or prior histories of BCG vaccination. The tuberculin skin test (TST) and the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test were performed simultaneously in all 244 patients. TST indurations were ≥ 5 mm in 39 of these patients (15%), and in 25 (10%) indurations were ≥ 10 mm. In addition, 40 (16%) had positive QFT-GIT outcomes, and 34 (14%) indeterminate outcomes. If the 34 patients with indeterminate QFT-GIT results were excluded from the overall agreement analysis, the agreement between the TST results (induration size ≥ 5 mm) and the QFT-GIT results in the 210 patients with clear QFT results was poor (κ = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.06 to 0.24), as it was for the patients with indurations ≥ 10 mm (κ = 0.15, 95% CI -0.004 to 0.31). During follow up, 2 patients developed TB after HCT. The incidence of TB in the patients with positive QFT-GIT outcomes was 2.80 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0.07-15.81), whereas among those with positive TST (≥ 5 mm) results, it was 0 per 100 person-years (95% CI 0-8.00). However, this finding should be cautiously interpreted because of the relatively short follow up and the fact that the sample size of the study cohort did not have adequate power. In conclusion, our data show that, although the frequencies of positive outcomes in the 2 TB screening tests were similar, the overall agreement between the TST and the QFT-GIT test was poor, regardless of BCG vaccination history.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Interferon-gamma Release Tests/methods , Latent Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculin Test/methods , Adult , BCG Vaccine/immunology , Clinical Trials as Topic , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Latent Tuberculosis/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology , Predictive Value of TestsABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the bovine nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV) gene and to evaluate whether these polymorphisms affect carcass traits in the Korean cattle population. We resequenced to detect SNPs from 24 unrelated individuals and identified 19 SNPs within the full 8.4-kb gene, including the 1.5-kb promoter region. Of these 19 SNPs, four were selected for genotyping based on linkage disequilibrium (LD). We genotyped 429 steers to assess the associations of these four SNPs with carcass traits. Statistical analysis revealed that g.7801T>C and g.8379A>C polymorphisms in the NOV gene were associated with carcass weight (p = 0.012 and 0.008, respectively), and the g.2005A>G polymorphism was associated with the back fat thickness (BF) trait (p = 0.0001). One haplotype of the four SNPs (GGTA) was significantly associated with BF (p = 0.0005). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the NOV gene may be among the important genetic factors affecting carcass yield in beef cattle.
ABSTRACT
The characterization of MgO nano powders that were synthesized using a conventional firing liquid phase precursor, rapid firing liquid phase precursor and rapid cooling firing liquid phase precursor were investigated as a function of the heating and cooling rates and the concentration of the impregnated Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O solution from 1 to 20%. The relative intensity of diffraction peak in the MgO nano powder increased with increasing firing temperature from 800 to 1200 degrees C, indicating a higher crystalline MgO nano powder. In addition, the relative intensities of the MgO nano powder synthesized at the designated temperature showed similar behavior regardless of the impregnated Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O solution concentration from the XRD analysis. The field emission scanning electron microscope and high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis showed that the size and shape of the MgO nano powder can be controlled by the temperature, the firing and cooling processes, and the impregnated Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O solution concentration. Moreover, the CL spectra of the synthesized MgO nano powders showed a higher luminance efficiency than commercial MgO nano powder.
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BACKGROUND: Clinical features and outcomes of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKL) arising from extranasal sites are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to study the prognosis and treatment outcome of skin/soft tissue primary ENKL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 48 patients with skin/soft tissue primary ENKL diagnosed from 1993 to 2010. RESULTS: Patients with Ann Arbor stage I, T1-2N0M0 by International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas-European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage, International prognostic index score of 0-1, and a Korean prognostic index (KPI) score of 0-1 were associated with better survival. Four of five patients with T1-2N0M0 disease achieved complete response with radiation alone. In disseminated disease, only 6 of 13 patients responded to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy, and all the two patients receiving SMILE showed response. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we identified the prognostic value of KPI, and we suggest a treatment recommendation according to the TNM (tumour-node-metastasis) stage. Radiotherapy with/without chemotherapy seemed to be optimal in localized disease. In advanced stages, a more aggressive treatment regimen with newer agents should be sought.