ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Survival of warmed oocytes is the first part and is one of the most important aspects of in vitro fertilization following oocyte cryopreservation. There is no definite conclusion about the difference in survival rates between closed and open vitrification for oocyte cryopreservation. This study aimed to investigate whether there is a difference in survival rates between closed and open vitrification for cryopreservation of human mature oocytes. METHODS: A literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases. A total of 4 studies were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: In the frequentist meta-analysis, the random effects model showed no statistically significant difference in survival rates between closed and open vitrification (risk ratio [RR] 0.8873, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7658-1.0280). However, an effect size deviation of the RR from 1.0 and a borderline trend of the 95% CI were noted. In the Bayesian meta-analysis, the posterior probability that closed vitrification would decrease the survival rate when compared to that with open vitrification was 83.04% for the random effects model. CONCLUSION: It is not yet possible to conclude that closed vitrification is an aseptic alternative to open vitrification in human mature oocyte cryopreservation.
Subject(s)
Cryopreservation/methods , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Oocytes/physiology , Vitrification , Bayes Theorem , Female , Humans , Odds Ratio , Pregnancy , Survival RateABSTRACT
Closed vitrification can minimize the risk of microbiological transmission through liquid nitrogen during the cooling, storage, and warming procedures. As cooling rates may reduce when closed vitrification is applied, clinical outcomes should be compared between closed and open vitrification in order to justify the use of closed vitrification. This study was conducted to investigate the differences in survival, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates between closed and open vitrification for human blastocyst cryopreservation. This systematic review and meta-analysis included 7 studies that reported survival, implantation, clinical pregnancy, or live birth rates following closed or open vitrification. There were no statistically significant differences in survival rates (risk ratio [RR]: 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.02), implantation rates (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93-1.11), clinical pregnancy rates (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-1.10), and live birth rates (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58-1.03) between closed and open vitrification. Although there was no statistical significance, the tendency of lower live birth rates with closed vitrification than with open vitrification could be clearly identified. Therefore, it is not yet possible to conclude that closed vitrification clearly provides an aseptic alternative to open vitrification in human blastocyst cryopreservation.
Subject(s)
Blastocyst , Cryopreservation/methods , Vitrification , Embryo Implantation , Embryo Transfer , Female , Humans , Live Birth , Pregnancy , Pregnancy RateABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of myometrial thickening on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHODS: Four hundred thirteen patients, a total of 551 IVF-ET cycles, were divided into group A (<2.00 cm), group B (2.00-2.49 cm), and group C (≥2.50 cm) based on myometrial thickness. RESULTS: The implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates were significantly lower in group C. The abortion rates were significantly higher in group C. Among patients in group B, cases with other sonographic findings suggestive of adenomyosis, such as myometrial striations, heterogeneous myometrium, myometrial cysts, and poor definition of the endometrial-myometrial junction showed lower implantation, clinical pregnancy, live birth rates, and higher abortion rates. CONCLUSIONS: Myometrial thickening of more than 2.50 cm on TVUS exerts overall adverse effects on IVF-ET outcomes. Even with mild thickening (2.00-2.49 cm), the presence of sonographic findings suggestive of adenomyosis is associated with adverse outcomes of IVF-ET.
Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro , Myometrium/diagnostic imaging , Myometrium/pathology , Pregnancy Rate , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Embryo Transfer , Endometriosis/diagnostic imaging , Endometriosis/pathology , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is a rare benign neoplasm of ovarian stromal origin and predominantly affects young women in the second and third decades. This tumor characteristically differentiates itself histologically and clinically from both thecomas and fibromas. We present a case of huge SST of the ovary weighing 10 kg in a 71-year-old postmenopausal woman with a brief review of the literature.