ABSTRACT
Gastric cancer continues to be the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths worldwide. However, the exact molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Further research to find potential targets for therapy is critical and urgent. In this study, we found that ARPC2 promoted cell proliferation and invasion in the human cancer cell line MKN-28 using a cell total number assay, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, cell colony formation assay, migration assay, invasion assay, and wound healing assay. For downstream pathways, CTNND1, EZH2, BCL2L2, CDH2, VIM, and EGFR were upregulated by ARPC2, whereas PTEN, BAK, and CDH1 were downregulated by ARPC2. In a clinical study, we examined the expression of ARPC2 in 110 cases of normal human gastric tissues and 110 cases of human gastric cancer tissues. ARPC2 showed higher expression in gastric cancer tissues than in normal gastric tissues. In the association analysis of 110 gastric cancer tissues, ARPC2 showed significant associations with large tumor size, lymph node invasion, and high tumor stage. In addition, ARPC2-positive patients exhibited lower RFS and OS rates compared with ARPC2-negative patients. We thus identify that ARPC2 plays an aneretic role in human gastric cancer and provided a new target for gastric cancer therapy.
Subject(s)
Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/metabolism , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Actin-Related Protein 2-3 Complex/genetics , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics , Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism , Blotting, Western , Catenins/genetics , Catenins/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Cell Proliferation/physiology , Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics , Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism , ErbB Receptors/genetics , ErbB Receptors/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , In Vitro Techniques , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Delta CateninABSTRACT
The research is to investigate the association between plasma concentrations of total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin and risk of early and advanced colorectal cancer. One hundred and sixty-five male colorectal cancer patients and one hundred and two controls were enrolled; based on the T factor of the TNM system, intraepithelial carcinoma and submucosally invasive carcinoma were defined as early cancer, and invasion into the muscularis propria or deeper was defined as advanced cancer. The plasma levels of glucose, fasting insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and total and HMW adiponectin levels were measured. Each factor level was designated as low or high, and the risk of cancer was estimated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. In the patients with early cancer, high waist/hip ratio (WHR), high fasting insulin, high HOMA model insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), low total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were all associated with a significant increase in the odds ratio (OR) by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, WHR, HOMA-IR, total adiponectin and HMW adiponectin were all related to increased cancer risk. However, in the patients with advanced cancer, only low HMW adiponectin was associated with a significant increase in the OR by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, a low HMW adiponectin level was still related to increased cancer risk, with an adjusted OR of 3.971 (P = 0.036). In conclusion, a decreased level of adiponectin was a strong risk factor not only for early colorectal cancer but also for advanced colorectal in Chinese male patients. HMW adiponectin might be more closely associated with colorectal cancer risk than total adiponectin.
Subject(s)
Adiponectin/blood , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoma/blood , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood , Adult , Asian People , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Carcinoma/pathology , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To propose views and concepts on the degradation of cultivated Gastrodia populations. METHODS: The differences between natural and cultivated Gastrodia populations were compared and discussed in terms of their biological features, qualities and yields. RESULTS: There were changes and degradation in biological features and some important properties of yield in cultivated Gastrodia. CONCLUSION: The direct reason of cultivated Gastrodia degradation is the ecological disturbace of forests and the decreasing amount of natural Gastrodia populations; The indirect reason is manual pollination and other changes of the natural growing environment.