[Retrospective clinical study of hip replacement in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of total hip replacement (THA) in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture. METHODS: From October 2019 to June 2022, 15 patients with secondary traumatic arthritis of acetabulum fracture were treated with THA. There were 8 males and 7 females, aged from 40 to 76 years old with an average of (59.20±9.46) years old. Prosthesis loosening, dislocation of hip joint, range of motion of hip joint, nerve injury and other conditions were recorded before and after surgery. Harris score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and imaging were used to evaluate hip joint function and surgical effect. RESULTS: Follow-up time ranged 6 to 39 months with an average of (18.33±9.27) months. All the 15 patients successfully completed the operation, no nerve and blood vessel injury during the operation, postoperative wound healing was stageⅠ, no infection, one case of acetabular side prosthesis loosening at half a year after operation, and recovered well after revision surgery, one case of hip dislocation was cured after open reduction treatment, no adverse consequences. Harris score at the last postoperative follow-up was (88.60±4.01) points, compared with the preoperative (47.20±11.77) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and VAS at the lateat postoperative follow-up was 1 (1) points, compared with the preoperative 8 (2) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the pain symptoms were relieved or disappeared, and the joint function was satisfactory. The imaging data of the latest follow-up showed joint was well pseudoradiated, no abnormal ossification occurred, and the prosthesis was not loose. CONCLUSION: THA is effective in the treatment of traumatic arthritis secondary to acetabular fracture and can effectively improve the quality of life of patients. Preoperative comprehensive evaluation and bone defect evaluation of patients, and intraoperative management of acetabulum, femur, internal fixation and bone defect are key factors for the success of surgery.

Non-Genomic Action of Androgens is Mediated by Rapid Phosphorylation and Regulation of Androgen Receptor Trafficking.

BACKGROUND: Testosterone is critical for maintaining spermatogenesis and male fertility. The accomplishment of these processes requires the synergistic actions of the classical and non-classical signaling pathways of androgens. METHODS: A murine testicular Sertoli cell line, TM4 cell was used to examine androgen actions in Sertoli cells. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay were employed to study the testosterone-induced Androgen receptor (AR) translocation. Protein phosphorylation antibody array was applied to identify the phosphorylation sites under testosterone treatment, and these findings were verified by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: We found that a physiological dose of testosterone induced fast membrane association of AR. By using a phosphorylation antibody array, several phosphorylation sites, such as MEK1/2 (Ser217/221), Akt (Ser473), and Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204) were rapidly phosphorylated within 5 min of testosterone treatment. Inhibition of the MEK and Akt signaling pathways prevented AR trafficking. Blocking of AR by flutamide eliminated the stimulation effect of testosterone on kinase phosphorylation. Testosterone induced kinase Src phosphorylation, and inhibition of Src restricted AR translocation to the membrane and the nucleus. CONCLUSION: Findings suggested that the membrane association of AR was mediated by the MEK and Akt phosphorylation signaling pathways, which resulted in Src activation and was initiated by testosterone binding to the membrane-localized AR. This study provides new insights into the testosterone signaling pathway in Sertoli cells, which mediate spermatogenesis. In addition, the study can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility caused by disorders in spermatogenesis.

Expression of microRNA­26b and identification of its target gene EphA2 in pituitary tissues in Yanbian cattle.

microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are a class of single­stranded non­coding RNA molecules of 19­24 nucleotides (nt) in length. They are widely expressed in animals, plants, bacteria and viruses. Via specific mRNA complementary pairing of target genes, miRNAs are able to regulate the expression of mRNA levels or inhibit protein translation following transcription. miRNA expression has a time­ and space specificity, and it is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, development, tumor metastasis occurrence and other biological processes. miR­26b is an miRNA of 22 nt and is important in the regulation of cellular processes. With the advancement of molecular biology techniques in recent years, there have been extensive investigations into miR­26b. Numerous studies have observed that miR­26b is involved in early embryonic development, cell proliferation regulation, pituitary hormone secretion and other physiological activities. miRNAs are associated with the function of propagation. The present study used reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect the relative expression levels of miR­26b in the pituitary tissue of Yanbian cattle at different developmental stages. The 2­∆∆Ct method was used to calculate the relative gene expression levels. The miRNA target gene database TargetScan and RNA22 were used for prediction of the miR­26b target gene and selective recognition was also performed. The results demonstrated that miR­26b is expressed in the pituitary tissues of Yanbian cattle at 6 and 24 months of age. The relative expression levels of miR­26b in the pituitary tissues of 24­month­old Yanbian cattle were 2.41 times that of those in the six­month­old Yanbian cattle, demonstrating significant differences in the relative expression (P<0.01). The relative expression of the candidate target genes, EphA2 and miR­26b, exhibited the opposite expression pattern. The relative expression levels in the pituitary tissues of six­month­old Yanbian cattle were 3.34 times that of those in 24­month­old Yanbian cattle (P<0.01). There are miR­26b binding sites in the 3'­untranslated region (3'­UTR) of EphA2 in bovine, human, murine and other mammalian mRNAs, suggesting that the EphA2 gene may be a target gene of miR­26b. The results of a Luciferase reporter system assay revealed that miR­26b is able to suppress EphA2 expression at the transcription level. Following the site­directed mutagenesis of plasmid EphA2 3'­UTR pmirGLO­MUT­ and miR­26b mimic­transfected HeLa cells, the dual­luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that there were three consecutive nucleotide mutations in the 3'­UTR, binding with the predicted seed region. This may have caused the miR­26b inhibition of luciferase activity to decrease from 60% in the wild­type to 26%, suggesting that miR­26b achieved its function via binding with the TACTTGAA sequence of the 3'­UTR in EphA2. In conclusion, the present study successfully assessed the expression pattern of miR­26b in the pituitary tissue of Yanbian cattle, and also confirmed that EphA2 was a target gene of miR­26b in Yanbian cattle in vitro. The present study provided the theoretical basis to further investigate the role of miR­26b in early embryonic development, pituitary hormone secretion and other reproductive functions.

[Preparation of verapamil hydrochloride core-in-cup tablets with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release].

To prepare verapamil hydrochloride (VH) core-in-cup tablets with tri-layered tablet and four-layered tablet as core tablets, separately, which can provide biphasic release with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release, core tablets were prepared by direct compression method, and core-in-cup tablets by dry-compression coated technology. The parameter, time-lag (T(lag)), was used to evaluate the influence of factors, such as the weight of the top cover layer, the amount of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), and the compression load on VH release. With the increase of the weight and HPMC amount of the top cover layer, the first lag time T(lag1) was prolonged. The second lag time T(lag2) of core-in-cup tablet with four-layered tablet as core tablet increased with the increasing amount of HPMC K100M. With the increase of compression load among the range (6 - 10 kg x cm(-2)), the two lag times were prolonged. Core-in-cup tablets with double-pulsatile and multi-phasic release released VH after the first lag time (4 -5 h), then kept sustained release for 12 h or 13 h, finally released rapidly. The drug in the core-in-cup tablet only released from the top cover layer. T(lag) is determined by the erosion rate of the inhibitor layers (the top cover layer and the sustained-release layer of the multi-layer core tablet).