[Secondary metabolites of endophyte Hypoxylon sp. HD-2014 from Uncaria rhynchophylla].

This study aims to investigate the compounds in the product of rice fermented with endophyte Hypoxylon sp.HD-2014 from Uncaria rhynchophylla.To be specific, normal-phase, MCI, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to yield 12 compounds.Through spectral data analysis and comparison with previous reports, they were identified as methyl(E)-5-hydroxymethyl-6,7-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxy-octanoate-2-ene(1),(2E,6E)-nona-2,6,8-triene-4,5-diol(2), 8-O-(R)-methoxynodulisporin A(3), 3-nitropropionic acid(4), 3-nitropropionic acid methyl ester(5), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylethanol(6), 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid(7), cis-4-hydroxyscytalone(8), 4,6,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one(9), isosclerone(10), 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-8-(hydroxyl-methyl)-2-methy(11), and 5-methylmellein(12), respectively.Compounds 1 and 2 were identified for the first time.In vitro cytotoxicity test indicated that compounds 1-12 had no significant inhibitory effect on A549 and HepG2 cells.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that compound 3 showed synergistic effect with the positive control chloramphenicol.

[Hydrolyzable tannins from flowers of Punica granatum and their anti-diabetic activities].

To investigate the active components against diabetes, the present study isolated eight hydrolyzable tannins from the ethyl acetate extract of Punica granatum flowers by MCI, reversed-phase chromatography(ODS), Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and HPLC, and the structures were elucidated as 1-O-galloyl-6-O-feruloyl-ß-D-glucose(1), 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gally-ß-D-glucopyranose(2), punicafolin(3), corilagin(4), telimagrandin Ⅰ(5), 1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-ß-D-glucose(6), heterophylliin A(7), and eugeniin(8) on the basis of spectral data and literature records. Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 5-8 were isolated from this species for the first time. All isolated compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase and DPP-Ⅳ. The results indicated that compounds 2, 3, and 5-8 showed significant inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, while compounds 1 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities. Compounds 5, 7, and 8 showed moderate inhibitory effects on DPP-Ⅳ. In addition, the type of enzyme inhibition of compound 5 was determined.

Diverse Triterpenoids from Mastic Produced by Pistacia lentiscus and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Eight undescribed triterpenoids (1-8), including one apotirucallane-type triterpenoid (1), six tirucallane-type triterpenoids (2-7), and one oleanane-type triterpenoid (8), along with ten known compounds (9-18) were isolated from the resins of Pistacia lentiscus. Their structures were elucidated by integrating NMR spectroscopic analyses and ESI-HR-MS. Compounds 5, 11-17 exhibited moderate inhibitory abilities against NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values in the range of 18.26-50.37 µM, compared to that of the positive control dexamethasone (IC50 =20.24 µM).

Anti-inflammatory Dimeric Benzophenones from an Endophytic Pleosporales Species.

Eight new polyketides, including three dimeric benzophenones, named dipleosporones A-C (1-3), three benzophenones (4-6), one xanthone (7), and one phenylbenzoate (8), along with seven known polyketides (9-15) were isolated from the fungus Pleosporales sp. YY-4. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. This is the first report of a benzophenone dimer connection via a C bridge from natural sources. An anti-inflammatory assay indicated that the dimeric benzophenones (1-3) inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ranging from 8.8 to 18.1 µM, being more potent than the positive control, dexamethasone (IC50 = 22.2 µM).