Integrative metabolome and transcriptome analysis characterized methyl jasmonate-elicited flavonoid metabolites of Blumea balsamifera.

As a commonly used medicinal plant, the flavonoid metabolites of Blumea balsamifera and their association with genes are still elusive. In this study, the total flavonoid content (TFC), flavonoid metabolites and biosynthetic gene expression patterns of B. balsamifera after application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were scrutinized. The different concentrations of exogenous MeJA increased the TFC of B. balsamifera leaves after 48 h of exposure, and there was a positive correlation between TFC and the elicitor concentration. A total of 48 flavonoid metabolites, falling into 10 structural classes, were identified, among which flavones and flavanones were predominant. After screening candidate genes by transcriptome mining, the comprehensive analysis of gene expression level and TFC suggested that FLS and MYB may be key genes that regulate the TFC in B. balsamifera leaves under exogenous MeJA treatment. This study lays a foundation for elucidating flavonoids of B. balsamifera, and navigates the breeding of flavonoid-rich B. balsamifera varieties.

Evaluation of diagnostic value and Mendelian randomization study of appendicitis hub genes obtained by WGCNA analysis.

The timely and precise diagnosis of appendicitis was deemed essential. This study sought to examine the diagnostic significance of hub genes linked to appendicitis and to delve deeper into the pathophysiology of the condition. Differential gene expression analysis revealed distinct genes in the appendicitis group compared to other abdominal pain group, while weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified appendicitis-associated modules. Further analysis of common genes was conducted using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analysis. The diagnostic efficiency of hub genes was explored through the use of nomograms and receiver operator characteristic curves. Additionally, immunoinfiltration analysis was performed to investigate the immune cell infiltration in both groups. The causal relationship between hub genes and appendicitis, as well as gut microbiota and appendicitis, was ultimately examined through Mendelian randomization. By conducting differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis, a total of 757 common genes were identified. Subsequent Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses revealed that these common genes were primarily associated with positive regulation of cell adhesion, focal adhesion, protein serine kinase activity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilizing Cytoscape software, the top 10 genes with the highest degree of interaction were identified as RPS3A, RPSA, RPL5, RPL37A, RPS27L, FLT3LG, ARL6IP1, RPL32, MRPL3, and GSPT1. Evaluation using nomograms and receiver operator characteristic curves demonstrated the diagnostic value of these hub genes. Ultimately, a causal relationship between hub genes and appendicitis was not identified in our study. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that appendicitis is correlated with 9 gut microbiota. This study identified 5 hub genes, specifically HSP90AA1, RPL5, MYC, CD44, and RPS3A, which exhibit diagnostic significance of appendicitis. Furthermore, the elucidation of these hub genes aids in enhancing our comprehension of the molecular pathways implicated in the development of appendicitis.

Starch/ionic liquid/hydrophobic association hydrogel with high stretchability, fatigue resistance, self-recovery and conductivity for sensitive wireless wearable sensors.

Conductive hydrogels have been widely used in wearable electronics due to their flexible, conductive and adjustable properties. With ever-growing demand for sustainable and biocompatible sensing materials, biopolymer-based hydrogels have drawn significant attention. Among them, starch-based hydrogels have a great potential for wearable electronics. However, it remains challenging to develop multifunctional starch-based hydrogels with high stretchability, good conductivity, excellent durability and high sensitivity. Herein, amylopectin and ionic liquid were introduced into a hydrophobic association hydrogel to endow it with versatility. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of amylopectin and ionic liquid, the hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical properties (the elongation of 2540 % with a Young's modulus of 12.0 kPa and a toughness of 1.3 MJ·m-3), self-recovery, good electrical properties (a conductivity of 1.8 S·m-1 and electrical self-healing), high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 26.85) and excellent durability (5850 cycles). The above properties of the hydrogel were closely correlated to its internal structure from hydrophobic association, H-bonding and electrostatic interaction, and can be regulated by changing the component contents. A wireless wearable sensor based on the hydrogel realized accurate and stable monitoring of joint motions and expression changes. This work demonstrates a kind of promising biopolymer-based materials as candidates for high-performance flexible wearable sensors.

EXTL3 and NPC1 are mammalian host factors for Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus infection.

Baculovirus is an obligate parasitic virus of the phylum Arthropoda. Baculovirus including Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) has been widely used in the laboratory and industrial preparation of proteins or protein complexes. Due to its large packaging capacity and non-replicative and non-integrative natures in mammals, baculovirus has been proposed as a gene therapy vector for transgene delivery. However, the mechanism of baculovirus transduction in mammalian cells has not been fully illustrated. Here, we employed a cell surface protein-focused CRISPR screen to identify host dependency factors for baculovirus transduction in mammalian cells. The screening experiment uncovered a series of baculovirus host factors in human cells, including exostosin-like glycosyltransferase 3 (EXTL3) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1). Further investigation illustrated that EXTL3 affected baculovirus attachment and entry by participating in heparan sulfate biosynthesis. In addition, NPC1 promoted baculovirus transduction by mediating membrane fusion and endosomal escape. Moreover, in vivo, baculovirus transduction in Npc1-/+ mice showed that disruption of Npc1 gene significantly reduced baculovirus transduction in mouse liver. In summary, our study revealed the functions of EXTL3 and NPC1 in baculovirus attachment, entry, and endosomal escape in mammalian cells, which is useful for understanding baculovirus transduction in human cells.

Association between ambient temperature and economic burden of unintentional injury in Tianjin: a case-crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: Unintentional injuries constitute a significant global public health issue with significant social and economic costs. Previous evidence suggests ambient temperatures are associated with unintentional injury occurrences. However, the impacts of ambient temperature on unintentional injury economic burden have received little research attention. The objective of the study was to examine the association between ambient temperature and economic burden of unintentional injury. DESIGN: Time-stratified case-crossover study. SETTING: This study was performed at Tianjin Hospital, the largest trauma centre in Tianjin, by applying a hospital-based time-stratified case-crossover study. PARTICIPANTS: The 12 241 patients admitted with unintentional injuries and meteorological data were collected in Tianjin, China in 2021. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME: The association between ambient temperature and unintentional injury hospitalisation was evaluated with a distributed lag non-linear model, further temperature-attributable economic burden of unintentional injuries was quantified, and adjusted for demographic characteristics, injury mechanism and injury location of injury. RESULTS: The temperatures below 11.5°C were significantly associated with the increased risk of unintentional injury hospitalisation in Tianjin, in 2021. The effect was maximised on the current day. The relatively low temperature was responsible for 25.44% (95% CI 13.74, 33.09) of unintentional injury patients, and was associated with the number of unintentional injury patients (3114, 95% CI 1608, 4036). The relatively low temperature was associated with the excess economic burden for unintentional injury (¥197.52 million, 95% CI 102.00, 256.00; about 27.10 million dollars), accounting for 26.49% of the total economic burden. The cold temperatures generally had greater impacts on males (¥136.46 million, 95% CI 83.28, 172.42; about 18.67 million dollars) and the elderly (¥74.35 million, 95% CI 14.87, 102.14; about 10.24 million dollars). CONCLUSION: The temperature was associated with approximately 3000 unintentional injury patients and ¥200 million (27 million dollars), accounting for 26% of the total economic burden in Tianjin, 2021.

Resequencing reveals population structure and genetic diversity in Tibetan sheep.

BACKGROUND: The Tibetan sheep is one of the three major primitive sheep breeds in China, representing a unique and high-quality genetic resource in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and neighboring high-altitude regions, exhibiting exceptional adaptability to high-altitude climatic environments. However, research on the genetic relationships among different populations of Tibetan sheep at the whole-genome level remains insufficient. This study aims to explore the population structure and historical dynamics among 11 Tibetan sheep populations, accurately assess the genetic diversity within the populations, and providing a theoretical basis for the development of targeted genetic breeding strategies for Tibetan sheep. RESULTS: In this study, a total of 10,884,454 high-quality SNPs were obtained. All Tibetan sheep populations exhibited varying degrees of linkage disequilibrium, with similar decay rates; among them, the WT population showed the fastest decay, while the TS population exhibited the slowest decay rate. Analyses using Tajima's D and π indicated that the genetic diversity levels of the Tibetan sheep populations are generally low. Fst results revealed that most populations exhibited moderate to low levels of genetic differentiation. The effective population size among Tibetan sheep populations showed an increasing trend over time. The evolutionary relationships among Tibetan sheep populations reflect the correlation between their geographical locations and genomic genetic distances, while also indirectly confirming the impact of historical activities such as early human migration, admixture, fusion, and expansion on the population sizes and distributions of Tibetan sheep. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the genetic diversity levels and genetic differentiation among Tibetan sheep populations are relatively low. In this study, we identified the genetic characteristics of Tibetan sheep populations, which exhibit low levels of diversity, genetic differentiation, and a strong population structure. A deeper genomic exploration of the population structure and diversity status of Tibetan sheep populations will provide theoretical support for subsequent genetic breeding and diversity conservation efforts.

Spatial distribution and priority conservation areas identification in Three-River-Source National Park considering the multifaceted values of plants.

Spatially differentiated conservation effort for natural resources is critical to achieving a balance between protection and development in national parks. However, the extent of priority conservation areas for plants that integrate multispecies and multifaceted values is unclear. Here, we selected fine-resolution environmental variables with stronger impacts on wild plant survival to spatialize the distribution of all modeling-eligible species using species distribution models in Three-River-Source National Park, China. These were then combined with in situ conservation results for insufficient data species to identify priority conservation areas (PCAs) in terms of diversity, ecological and economic values, respectively. We analyzed the spatial characteristics of the priority conservation areas and searched for conservation gaps not covered by national nature reserves. The results showed that this study obtained more precise results on the spatial distribution of species by improving environmental variables and upgrading the spatial resolution. In Three-River-Source National Park, the species richness of wild plants showed a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest. There were significant differences in the spatial distribution of the priority conservation areas identified based on the three values, which was the basis for the spatially differentiated conservation and development of wild plant resources. In addition, the priority conservation areas obtained based on ecological value found Top17% priority conservation areas in the Hoh Xil Natural Reserve, which could not be revealed based on diversity or economic value. These results highlight the urgency of implementing multispecies and multifaceted values studies in national parks. In the future, studying conflicts between wildlife priority conservation areas and human activities, and expanding to national parks on a global scale, will be the focus that this study will continue to explore.

The molecular regulated mechanism of METTL3 and FTO in lipid metabolism of Hu sheep.

BACKGROUND: Balanced lipid metabolism can improve the growth performance and meat quality of livestock. The m6A methylation-related genes METTL3 and FTO play important roles in animal lipid metabolism; however, the mechanism through which they regulate lipid metabolism in sheep is unclear. RESULTS: We established lipid deposition models of hepatocytes and preadipocytes in Hu sheep. In the hepatocyte lipid deposition model, the genes expression levels of FABP4, Accα, ATGL and METTL3, METTL14, and FTO-were significantly up-regulated after lipid deposition (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that lipid deposition had a significant effect on MAPK, steroid biosynthesis, and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway in hepatocytes. The m6A methylation level decreased but the difference was not significant after METTL3 interference, and the expression levels of FABP4 and ATGL increased significantly (P < 0.05); the m6A methylation level significantly increased following METTL3 overexpression, and LPL and ATGL expression levels significantly decreased (P < 0.05), indicating that overexpression of METTL3 inhibited the expression of lipid deposition-related genes in a m6A-dependent manner. The m6A methylation level was significantly increased, ATGL expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and LPL, FABP4, and Accα expression was not significantly changed following FTO interference (P > 0.05); the m6A methylation level was significantly decreased after FTO overexpression, and LPL, FABP4, and ATGL expression was significantly increased (P < 0.05), indicating that FTO overexpression increased the expression of lipid deposition-related genes in a m6A-dependent manner. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that m6A methylation modification mainly regulated lipid metabolism through triglyceride metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, MAPK signaling, and fat digestion and absorption in hepatocytes. In the lipid deposition model of preadipocytes, the regulation of gene expression is the same as that in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS: METTL3 significantly inhibited the expression of lipid deposition-related genes, whereas FTO overexpression promoted lipid deposition. Our study provides a theoretical basis and reference for accurately regulating animal lipid deposition by mastering METTL3 and FTO genes to promote high-quality animal husbandry.

ZmDST44 Gene Is a Positive Regulator in Plant Drought Stress Tolerance.

Improving drought tolerance in plants is essential for increasing crop yields under water-limited conditions. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the maize gene ZmDST44, which is targeted by the miRNA ZmmiR139. Our results indicate that ZmmiR139 regulates ZmDST44 by cleaving its mRNA, as confirmed by inverse expression patterns and 5'-RACE analysis. Overexpression of ZmDST44 in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize resulted in significant enhancements in drought tolerance. Transgenic plants exhibited reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, increased proline accumulation, and upregulation of drought-responsive genes compared to wild-type plants. Transgenic Arabidopsis and rice showed improved drought resistance and higher post-drought recovery rates, and transgenic maize displayed lower sensitivity to drought stress. These findings suggest that ZmDST44 acts as a positive regulator of drought tolerance across different plant species and holds promise for developing drought-resistant crops through genetic engineering.

The role of cardiomyocyte senescence in cardiovascular diseases: A molecular biology update.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, and advanced age is a main contributor to the prevalence of CVD. Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that occurs in old age or after cells encounter various stresses. Senescent cells not only result in the reduction of cellular function, but also produce senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) to affect surrounding cells and tissue microenvironment. There is increasing evidence that the gradual accumulation of senescent cardiomyocytes is causally involved in the decline of cardiovascular system function. To highlight the role of senescent cardiomyocytes in the pathophysiology of age-related CVD, we first introduced that senescent cardiomyoyctes can be identified by structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. We subsequently provided a comprehensive summary of existing knowledge, outlining the compelling evidence on the relationship between senescent cardiomyocytes and age-related CVD phenotypes. In addition, we discussed that the significant therapeutic potential represented by the prevention of accelerated senescent cardiomyocytes, and the current status of some existing geroprotectors in the prevention and treatment of age-related CVD. Together, the review summarized the role of cardiomyocyte senescence in CVD, and explored the molecular knowledge of senescent cardiomyocytes and their potential clinical significance in developing senescent-based therapies, thereby providing important insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.

Corrigendum: BrMYB116 transcription factor enhances Cd stress tolerance by activating FIT3 in yeast and Chinese cabbage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388924.].

Molecular Mechanism of pH-Induced Protrusion Configuration Switching in Piscine Betanodavirus Implies a Novel Antiviral Strategy.

Many viruses contain surface spikes or protrusions that are essential for virus entry. These surface structures can thereby be targeted by antiviral drugs to treat viral infections. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), a simple nonenveloped virus in the genus of betanodavirus, infects fish and damages aquaculture worldwide. NNV has 60 conspicuous surface protrusions, each comprising three protrusion domains (P-domain) of its capsid protein. NNV uses protrusions to bind to common receptors of sialic acids on the host cell surface to initiate its entry via the endocytic pathway. However, structural alterations of NNV in response to acidic conditions encountered during this pathway remain unknown, while detailed interactions of protrusions with receptors are unclear. Here, we used cryo-EM to discover that Grouper NNV protrusions undergo low-pH-induced compaction and resting. NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to probe the atomic details. A solution structure of the P-domain at pH 7.0 revealed a long flexible loop (amino acids 311-330) and a pocket outlined by this loop. Molecular docking analysis showed that the N-terminal moiety of sialic acid inserted into this pocket to interact with conserved residues inside. MD simulations demonstrated that part of this loop converted to a ß-strand under acidic conditions, allowing for P-domain trimerization and compaction. Additionally, a low-pH-favored conformation is attained for the linker connecting the P-domain to the NNV shell, conferring resting protrusions. Our findings uncover novel pH-dependent conformational switching mechanisms underlying NNV protrusion dynamics potentially utilized for facilitating NNV entry, providing new structural insights into complex NNV-host interactions with the identification of putative druggable hotspots on the protrusion.

GBF1 deficiency causes cataracts in human and mouse.

Any opacification of the lens can be defined as cataracts, and lens epithelium cells play a crucial role in guaranteeing lens transparency by maintaining its homeostasis. Although several causative genes of congenital cataracts have been reported, the mechanisms underlying lens opacity remain unclear. In this study, a large family with congenital cataracts was collected and genetic analysis revealed a pathological mutation (c.3857 C > T, p.T1287I) in the GBF1 gene; all affected individuals in the family carried this heterozygous mutation, while unaffected family members did not. Functional studies in human lens epithelium cell line revealed that this mutation led to a reduction in GBF1 protein levels. Knockdown of endogenous GBF1 activated XBP1s in the unfolded protein response signal pathway, and enhances autophagy in an mTOR-independent manner. Heterozygous Gbf1 knockout mice also displayed typic cataract phenotype. Together, our study identified GBF1 as a novel causative gene for congenital cataracts. Additionally, we found that GBF1 deficiency activates the unfolded protein response and leads to enhanced autophagy, which may contribute to lens opacity.

Infection and biogeographical characteristics of Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini in humans and animal hosts in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Paragonimiasis, primarily caused by Paragonimus westermani and P. skrjabini in China, is a common food-borne parasitic zoonosis. However, the national distribution of Paragonimus spp. infection and its associated environmental determinants remain poorly understood. In this paper, we summarize the infection of P. westermani and P. skrjabini and describe key biogeographical characteristics of the endemic areas in China. METHODS: Data on Paragonimus infection in humans and animal hosts were extracted from eight electronic databases, including CNKI, CWFD, Chongqing VIP, SinoMed, Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. All survey locations were georeferenced and plotted on China map, and scatter plots were used to illustrate the biogeographical characteristics of regions reporting Paragonimus infection. RESULTS: A total of 28,948 cases of human paragonimiasis have been documented, with 2,401 cases reported after 2010. Among the 11,443 cases with reported ages, 88.05% were children or adolescents. The pooled prevalence of P. skrjabini is 0.45% (95% CI: 0.27-0.66%) in snails, 31.10% (95% CI: 24.77-37.80%) in the second intermediate host, and 20.31% (95% CI: 9.69-33.38%) in animal reservoirs. For P. westermani, the pooled prevalence is 0.06% (95% CI: 0.01-0.13%) in snails, 52.07% (95% CI: 43.56-60.52%) in the second intermediate host, and 21.40% (95% CI: 7.82-38.99%) in animal reservoirs. Paragonimus are primarily distributed in regions with low altitude, high temperature, and high precipitation. In northeastern China, only P. westermani infections have been documented, while in more southern areas, infections of both P. westermani and P. skrjabini have been reported. CONCLUSIONS: Paragonimiasis remains prevalent in China, particularly among children and adolescents. Variations exist in the intermediate hosts and geographical distribution of P. westermani and P. skrjabini. Additionally, altitude, temperature, and precipitation may influence the distribution of Paragonimus.

Octenylsuccinylation strategy to construct high-amylose maize starch-myristic acid complexes with high thermal stability, complexation efficiency and anti-retrogradation ability.

Gelatinizing high-amylose maize starch (HAMSt) requires high temperatures to allow complexation with lipids, making it a challenging process. An octenylsuccinylation method was examined as a part of a strategy to decrease the gelatinization temperature of HAMSt, thereby promoting the complexation between HAMSt and myristic acid (MAc). Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modification of HAMSt reduces the onset gelatinization temperature of HAMSt from 71.63 °C to 66.97 °C. Moreover, as the OSA concentration increased from 2 % to 11 %, the degree of substitution and molecular weights of the esterified HAMSt gradually increased from 0.0069 to 0.0184 and from 0.97 × 106 to 1.17 × 106 g/mol, respectively. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that the octenyl-succinate groups were grafted onto the HAMSt chains. The formation of HAMSt-MAc complexes improved the thermal stability of OSA-treated HAMSt (peak temperature increased by 0.11 °C-13.95 °C). Moreover, the diffraction intensity of the V-type peak of the 11 % sample was greater than that of other samples. Finally, the anti-retrogradation ability was in the order of OSA-HAMSt-MAc complexes > HAMSt-MAc complexes > HAMSt. Overall, our results indicate that octenylsuccinylation can be an effective strategy to promote the formation of OSA-HAMSt-MAc complexes and delay starch retrogradation.

Association between yogurt and dietary supplements containing probiotic consumption with sleep disturbance in US adults: Results from NHANES, 2009-2018.

Purpose: Sleep disorders are common globally. Probiotics may improve human microbial diversity, offering potential benefits for sleep disturbances by enhancing sleep quality and reducing disorders. We aimed to use a population-based study to investigate the association between yogurt (a probiotic food) and probiotic consumption with sleep disturbances in US adults. Methods: A total of 49,693 adults from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in the analyses. Sleep disorders and sleep duration were assessed according to the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire. The Dietary Questionnaire evaluated yogurt and dietary supplements containing probiotic consumption. After adjusting for confounding factors, weighted multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the association between yogurt and probiotic consumption and sleep status. Results: Of the study cohort, 3535 (14.24 %) participants consumed yogurt and/or dietary supplements containing probiotics. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 16.22 %. Only 53.51 % of the participants achieved the recommended amount of sleep (7-9 h), with 6.10 % and 33.48 % having excessive and insufficient sleep duration, respectively. Weighted Logistic regression models indicated a significant association of probiotic intake with a decreased risk of sleep disturbances compared with those without yogurt or probiotic consumption after adjustments. (For sleep disorders: OR: 0.96, 95 % CI 0.94-0.98, P < 0.001; for sleep duration: OR: 0.98, 95 % CI 0.96-1.00, P = 0.081) Moreover, the effect size of the probiotic intake on sleep was especially significant in sex, race, and BMI subgroups. Conclusion: The present study first indicated that yogurt and probiotic consumption were associated with a reduced risk of sleep disturbances in US adults, particularly among males, whites, and those with a normal BMI. Incorporating yogurt or probiotics into the diet could serve as a public health strategy for improving sleep disturbances, though further investigation into the underlying mechanisms is needed.

SERS detection of uranyl based on MOF-coated gold nanooctahedron hybrid.

The ability to sensitively and quantitatively detect uranyl in complex samples plays a vital role in environmental monitoring. In this work, an MOF-coated gold (Au) nanohybrid was synthesized for uranyl detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology. The MOF shell not only prevents the Au nanoparticles from rapid aggregation, but also effectively enhances the Raman signal of uranyl. A detection limit of as low as 0.5 µM could be achieved in solution, which could be comparable to the previously reported ones from SERS-based approaches. Moreover, the prepared SERS-active substrate was also applied to uranyl detection in real samples.

Impact of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity on hospital admissions for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: A large-scale database study using distributed lag nonlinear analysis, 2015-2022, in Harbin, China.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to evaluate the impact of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity on hospital admissions for stroke and to compare the correlation and differences among different subtypes of strokes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected daily data on surface ultraviolet radiation intensity, temperature, air pollution, and hospital admissions for stroke in Harbin from 2015 to 2022. Using a distributed lag non-linear model, we determined the correlation between daily surface ultraviolet radiation intensity and the stroke admission rate. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and attributable fractions (AF) with 95% CI were calculated based on stroke subtypes, gender, and age groups. RESULTS: A total of 132,952 hospitalized stroke cases (including hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes) were included in the study. We assessed the non-linear effects of ultraviolet intensity on hospitalized patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Compared to the maximum morbidity benchmark ultraviolet intensity (19.2 × 10^5 for ischemic stroke and 20.25 for hemorrhagic stroke), over the 0-10 day lag period, the RR for extreme low radiation (1st percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96), and the RR for extreme high radiation (99th percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96). In summary, -4.842% (95% CI: -7.721%, -2.167%) and -1.668% (95% CI: -3.061%, -0.33%) of ischemic strokes were attributed to extreme low radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 10 days and extreme high radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 5 days, respectively. The reduction in stroke hospitalization rates due to low or high ultraviolet intensity was more pronounced in females and younger individuals compared to males and older individuals. None of the mentioned ultraviolet intensity intensities and lag days had a statistically significant impact on hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our study fundamentally suggests that both lower and higher levels of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity in Harbin, China, contribute to a reduced incidence of ischemic stroke, with this effect lasting approximately 10 days. This finding holds significant potential for public health and clinical relevance.

Inhibitor of Myom3 inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of sheep myoblasts.

Skeletal muscle quality and yield are important production traits in livestock, and improving skeletal muscle quality while increasing its yield is an important goal of economic breeding. The proliferation and differentiation process of sheep myoblasts directly affects the growth and development of their muscles, thereby affecting the yield of mutton. Myomesin 3 (Myom3), as a functional gene related to muscle growth, currently lacks research on its function in myoblasts. This study aims to investigate the effect of the Myom3 gene on the proliferation and differentiation of sheep myoblasts and its potential molecular mechanisms. The results showed that inhibitor of Myom3 in the proliferation phase of myoblasts resulted in significant downregulation of the proliferation marker gene paired box 7 (Pax7) and myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs; Myf5, Myod1, Myog, P < 0.01), a significant decrease in the EdU-positive cell rate (P < 0.05), and a significant increase in the cell apoptosis rate (P < 0.01), which inhibited the proliferation of myoblasts and promoted their apoptosis. During the differentiation phase of myoblasts, the inhibitor of Myom3 resulted in significant downregulation of the Pax7 gene, upregulation of MRFs (Myod1, Myog, P < 0.05), and a significant increase in fusion index (P < 0.05), promoting the differentiation of myoblasts. Further transcriptome sequencing revealed that differentially expressed genes in the Myom3 interference group were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. In summary, the inhibitor of Myom3 inhibits myoblast proliferation and promotes myoblast differentiation. Therefore, Myom3 has a potential regulatory effect on the growth and development of sheep muscles, and in-depth functional research can be used for molecular breeding practices in sheep.