[Study on extracting and separating curcuminoids from Curcuma longa rhizome using ultrasound strengthen by microemulsion].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new method for the extraction and separation of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa rhizome by cloud-point preconcentration using microemulsions as solvent. METHODS: The spectrophotometry was used to detect the solubility of curcumin in different oil phase, emulsifier and auxiliary emulsifier, and the microemulsion prescription was used for false three-phase figure optimization. The extraction process was optimized by uniform experiment design. The curcuminoids were separated from microemulsion extract by cloud-point preconcentration. RESULTS: Oil phase was oleic acid ethyl ester; Emulsifier was OP emulsifier; Auxiliary emulsifier was polyethylene glycol(peg) 400; The quantity of emulsifier to auxiliary emulsifier was the ratio of 5: 1; Microemulsion prescription was water-oleic acid ethyl ester-mixed emulsifier (0.45:0.1:0.45). The optimum extraction process was: time for 12.5 min, temperature of 52 degrees C, power of 360 W, frequency of 400 kHz, and the liquid-solid ratio of 40:1. The extraction rate of curcuminoids was 92.17% and 86.85% in microemulsion and oil phase, respectively. CONCLUSION: Curcuminoids is soluble in this microemulsion prescription with good extraction rate. This method is simple and suitable for curcuminoids extraction from Curcuma longa rhizome.

Molecular authentication and quality control using a high performance liquid chromatography technique of Fructus Evodiae.

In present paper, the properties of molecular authentication combined with the fingerprints of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were validated by analyzing ten batches of Fructus Evodiae samples (the dried nearly ripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH., Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG or Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG). The results of this investigation show that the similarities of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were almost 100% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG, 97% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH., and 96% in Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG. The percentage of identity between the two groups of Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. bodinieri (DODE) HUANG and Evodia rutaecarpa (JUSS.) BENTH. var. officinalis (DODE) HUANG is almost 96%, but the identity among the group of these three species is only 73%. The results show that Fructus Evodiae comes from three species respectively. The fingerprints of HPLC show that Fructus Evodiae revealed 20 major common peaks. And the three species have almost the same chemical constituents. ITS sequence fingerprint combining the fingerprint of HPLC can not only be developed to identify and distinguish the three species in detail, but also can be used for optimizing location where Fructus Evodiae has much higher bioactive constituents and yield.

[The common and variation peak ratio dual index sequence analysis on UV fingerprint spectra of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall].

Baishao and Chishao (Paeonia Lactiflora Pall.) and their close relative Danpi (Paeonia Suffruticosa Andr) samples were estimated quantitatively, based on their UV fingerprint spectra of the extracts obtained with chloroform, ethanol and water, by applying the common and variation peak ratio dual index sequence analysis method. The analytical results showed that the Baishao samples B2, B3 and B4 from the closest regions were the most similar samples. Their common peak ratios were larger than 70 percent and their variation peak ratios were less than 33.3 percent. However, there existed obvious differences among Baishao sample group 1 (B1 and B5), group 2 (B2, B3 and B4) and group 3 (B6) from different regions. The common peak ratios among group 1 (B1 and B5) and group 2(B2, B3 and B4) were lower than 60 percent, while those among group 1 (B1 and B5) and group 3 (B6) were less than 57 percent. The Baishao samples B1 and B5 from the same region collected in different years were of significant disparity, their common peak ratio was only 44.4 percent, but their variation peak ratios were larger than 100 percent. In fact, this method reaches the limitation of quantitative identification of herbs, and can distinguish at least two samples quantitatively.