Analysis of the results of the nationwide interlaboratory comparison of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To summarize and improve the related technical issues by analyzing the nationwide interlaboratory comparison of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement over the years. Methods According to the requirements of interlaboratory comparison and the national standards, the gross α and gross β radioactivity in water were measured, and the results were analyzed to identify the influencing factors. Results From 2018 to 2022, our laboratory participated in five nationwide interlaboratory comparisons of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement. The Z-test values for gross α and gross β measurement ranged from −0.24 to 1.8 and −1.4 to 0.35, respectively. The relative deviations ranged from −4% to 32% and −18% to 6%, respectively. All comparisons were within the acceptable ranges. Conclusion The analysis of comparisons showed that the results were within the acceptable ranges. The relative deviations between the measurement and the reference values have decreased over the years. The summary and improvement of related technologies have improved the measurement accuracy.

Coronaviruses using different strategies to antagonize antiviral responses and pyroptosis

Viral infection triggers inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation. However, less is known about how viruses use the active caspase-1 to evade host immune response. Here, we use porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a model of coronaviruses (CoVs) to illustrate the sophisticated regulation of CoVs to counteract IFN-I signaling and pyroptosis. We show that PEDV infection stabilizes caspase-1 expression via papain-like protease PLP2s deubiquitinase activity and the enhanced stabilization of caspase-1 disrupts IFN-I signaling by cleaving RIG-I at D189 residue. Meanwhile, PLP2 can degrade GSDMD-p30 by removing its K27-linked ubiquitin chain at K275 to restrain pyroptosis. Papain-like proteases from other genera of CoVs (PDCoV and SARS-CoV-2) have the similar activity to degrade GSDMD-p30. We further demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 N protein induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation also uses the active caspase-1 to counter IFN-I signaling by cleaving RIG-I. Therefore, our work unravels a novel antagonistic mechanism employed by CoVs to evade host antiviral response.

The nonstructural protein 5 of coronaviruses antagonizes GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis by cleaving and inactivating its pore-forming p30 fragment

Coronaviruses (CoV) are a family of RNA viruses that typically cause respiratory, enteric and hepatic diseases in animals and humans. Here, we used porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) as a model of coronaviruses (CoVs) to illustrate the reciprocal regulation between CoVs infection and pyroptosis. For the first time, we clarified the molecular mechanism of porcine Gasdermin D (pGSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and demonstrated that amino acids T239 and F240 within pGSDMD-p30 are critical for pyroptosis. Furthermore, 3C-like protease Nsp5 from SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, PDCoV and PEDV can cleave human/porcine GSDMD at the Q193-G194 junction upstream of the caspase-1 cleavage site to produce two fragments which fail to trigger pyroptosis or inhibit viral replication. Thus, we provide clear evidence that coronoviruses may utilize viral Nsp5-GSDMD pathway to help their host cells escaping from pyroptosis, protecting the replication of the virus during the initial period, which suggest an important strategy for coronoviruses infection and sustain.

Expression and evaluation of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein mediated by recombinant adenoassociated virus 8

Background@#Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an important infectious pathogen implicated in porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), which has caused significant economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. @*Objectives@#A suitable viral vector-mediated gene transfer platform for the expression of the capsid protein (Cap) is an attractive strategy. @*Methods@#In the present study, a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector was constructed to encode Cap (Cap-rAAV) in vitro and in vitro after gene transfer. @*Results@#The obtained results showed that Cap could be expressed in HEK293T cells and BABL/c mice. The results of lymphocytes proliferative, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG) 2a and interferon-γ showed strong cellular immune responses induced by Cap-rAAV. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers obtained and the IgG1 and interleukin-4 levels showed that humoral immune responses were also induced by Cap-rAAV. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the rAAV8 vaccine Cap-rAAV can induce strong cellular and humoral immune responses, indicating a potential rAAV8 vaccine against PCV2. @*Conclusions@#The injection of rAAV8 encoding PCV2 Cap genes into muscle tissue can ensure long-term, continuous, and systemic expression.

Effect of hyperandrogenism on obstetric complications of singleton pregnancy from in vitro fertilization in women with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To compare the difference in risks of obstetric complications of singleton pregnancy between women with hyperandrogenic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with normoandrogenic PCOS. Methods Prospective cohort study. This study was a secondary analysis of data collected during a multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial. Women who got clinical singleton pregnancy were grouped according to whether they were diagnosed with hyperandrogenism at baseline. There were 118 women with hyperandrogenism and 366 women without hyperandrogenism. The incidences of obstetric complications and birth weight were compared between the two groups. Results Women with hyperandrogenic PCOS had a significantly higher risk of preterm delivery than women with normoandrogenic PCOS [12.7％ (15/118) versus 3.6％ (13/366); OR=3.94, 95％CI: 1.82-8.56]. After adjustment of age, duration of infertility, body mass index, and fresh or frozen embryo transfer group, hyperandrogenism was still associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (OR=3.67, 95％CI: 1.67-8.07). Compared with women with normoandrogenic PCOS, women with hyperandrogenic PCOS had similar risks of pregnancy loss, gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, and postpartum hemorrhage (all P>0.05). Birth weight as well as the risks of being small for gestational age and large for gestational age were also comparable between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion In women with PCOS and singleton pregnancy, those with preconceptional hyperandrogenism have a higher risk of preterm delivery than those without hyperandrogenism.

Case-control based study between polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene and polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the frequeney of four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (rs17300539, rs12495941, rs2241766 and rs1501299) of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods A total of 207 women with PCOS and 192 controls were recruited.Four ml whole-blood samples were collected in tubes containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) by peripheral venous puncture.Genomic DNA was extracted using a QIAamp DNA mini kit.Four SNP sites (rs17300539, rs12495941, rs2241766 and rs1501299) of ADIPOQ were amplified by PCR and then directly sequenced to screen variants.Results (1) The genotype frequencies of AA of rs17300539 in PCOS was significantly higher than controls [57.5％ (119/207) versus 48.4％ (93/192), P＜0.05].The genotype frequencies of AA of rs1501299 in PCOS was significantly lower than controls [4.8％ (10/207) versus 11.5％ (22/192), P＜0.05].While no significant differences were found in rs2241766 and rs12495941 (P＞0.05).(2) The allele A of rs17300539 [75.8％ (314/414)] and allele C frequeneies of rs1501299 [76.3％ (316/414)] in PCOS were significantly higher than controls [67.7％ (260/ 384), 69.0％ (265/384), respectively;all P＜0.05].While no significant differences were found in rs2241766 and rs12495941 (P＞0.05).(3) Further analysis we found rs17300539 AA genotypes had an increased risk for PCOS compared with GG genotype (OR=2.670, P=0.009), rs1501299 CC genotype had an increased risk for PCOS compared with AA genotypes (OR=2.756, P=0.012);and the difference remained significantly after adjustment for age, testosterone and body mass index (P＜0.05).Conclusions No signifi cant differences were observed in genotype and allele frequencies between PCOS and controls for rs2241766 and rs12495941.However, we observed an association between rs17300539, rs1501299 and PCOS.rs17300539 and rs1501299 of ADIPOQ perhaps are the susceptibility gene locus of PCOS.

Analysis on willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and related factors / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and its influential factors among people seeking counsel and HIV test, STD clinic patients, university students, migrant people, female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 511 subjects in the 7 groups selected by different sampling methods, and 509 valid questionnaires were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The majority of subjects were males (54.8%) and aged 20-29 years (41.5%). Among the subjects, 60.3% had education level of high school or above, 55.4% were unmarried, 37.3% were unemployed, 73.3% had monthly expenditure <2 000 Yuan RMB, 44.2% had received HIV test, 28.3% knew HIV saliva test, 21.0% were willing to receive HIV saliva test, 2.0% had received HIV saliva test, only 1.0% had bought HIV test kit for self-test, and 84.1% were willing to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subject group, age, education level, employment status, monthly expenditure level, HIV test experience and willingness to receive HIV saliva test were correlated statistically with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subject group and monthly expenditure level were statistically correlated with willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and acceptable price of HIV antibody saliva rapid test varied in different areas and populations. Different populations may have different willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test;the affordability of the test could influence the willingness to pay for the test.</p>

Association between single nucleotide polymorphism of rs2252673 of INSR gene and polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective This study is designed to determine whether an association exists between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant rs2252673 of insulin receptor(INSR) gene and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in Han Chinese in order to identify INSR as a genetic susceptibility factor for PCOS.Methods A total of 224 women with PCOS,192 controls and 672 participants consisting of 224 trios (mother,father and offspring with PCOS) were recruited from the Hospital for Reproductive Medicine Affiliated to Shandong University,from July 2007 to April 2013.Genomic DNA was extracted according to the manufacturer' s protocol.SNP rs2252673 of INSR gene was amplified by PCR and then sequenced on an automated sequencer.Moreover,clinical and metabolic features of the patients with PCOS were compared according to the genotypes.The subjects were divided into twot groups according to body mass index (BMI),and then the results were compared between two groups.And the transmitted disequilibrium test (TDT) was applied for data analysis.Results (1) There were three kinds of genotype of CC,CG and GG.Genotype frequencies of rs2252673 were 8.0％,38.8％,53.1％ and 14.6％,42.2％,43.2％ in the PCOS group and the control group,respectively.The allele frequencies of C and G were 27.5％,72.5％ and 35.7％,64.3％ in the PCOS group and the control group,respectively.There were statistical differences in genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between two groups (all P＜0.05).(2)No significant differences were observed in the different genotype according to clinical and metabolic characteristics of women with PCOS (P＞0.05).But when merging the genotype CG and GG,carriers of the CG and GG genotypes in women with PCOS were slightly associated with total cholesterol (TC) levels (t=2.072,P=0.048) and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (t=2.274,P=0.026).Although statistical significance was not achieved,there was an increased tendency in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels in CG and GG genotypes in PCOS cases.(3)Between the obesity and the non-obesity with PCOS,there was no statistical significance in the genotype and allele frequencies (x2=0.054,P=0.974; x2=0.022,P=0.883).(4)The results of families based analysis shown that genotype distribution of the SNP rs2252673 was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P＞0.05).After the TDT,the G allele in SNP rs2252673 was over transmitted in families (transmitted∶ non-transmitted=120∶ 88; x2=4.923,P=0.027).There was a transmitted disequilibrium in rs2252673,which implies the association of INSR and PCOS were independent of population stratification.Conclusions There were a association between the SNP variant rs2252673 of INSR gene and the susceptibility to PCOS in Han Chinese women,which was independently of body mass index.The carrier of G allele frequency of rs2252673 may have higher risk of PCOS.

Family-based analysis of the adiponectin gene polymorphisms and polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs2241766,rs1501299 and rs12495941) variants of the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in PCOS family trios.Methods A total of 224 unrelated PCOS probands,their biological parents were recruited.Anthropometric variables such as waist circumference (WC),hip circumference (HC),height and weight were measured in all subjects during the first visit to the outpatient department.Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated.Serum fasting glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FINS),total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were measured.PCOS patients were divided into two groups based on BMh group A (BMI＜25 kg/m2) and group B (BMI≥25 kg/m2).Parents of PCOS patients were accordingly categorized into group C,D (fathers) and group E,F (mothers).The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was used to analyze the association between three SNP of ADIPOQ and PCOS.Results (1) A significant positive association was detected between SNP rs1501299 and PCOS (x2=7.093,P=0.008).However we failed to find significant overtransmission of the other two SNP rs2241766 and rs12495941 from parents to PCOS offsprings (x2=1.620,P=0.203; x2=0.713,P=0.398).(2) Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was analyzed in the subjects,rs1501299 and rs2241766 were in weak LD (r2=0.063,D'=0.621).(3) The levels of WC,HC,WHR,testosterone,TG,HDL and FINS were significantly differences between obese and lean PCOS patients (P＜0.05).While in fathers we only found WC,HC,TC levels being statistically different (P＜ 0.05).Mothers of obese PCOS patients had increased levels of FINS compared with mothers of lean PCOS patients (P＜0.05).The genotype frequencies of the three SNP were not different in obese and lean PCOS patients and their parents (P＞0.05).Conclusions TDT confirms that SNP rs1501299 in the ADIPOQ is significantly associated with the risk of PCOS in the Chinese Han population.The three SNP of the ADIPOQ were not associated with the obesity of PCOS.

Investigation on the levels and demands of the occupational risk awareness of higher vocational nursing students before and after the clinic practice / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the occupational risk awareness levels of higher vocational nursing students before and after the clinic practice.Methods Five-year higher vocational nursing students were investigated by filling out questionnaires before and after the clinic practice.Results Nursing students' occupational risk awareness improved after the clinic practice.They hoped to acquire knowledge about occupational risk and thought that the school was supposed to offer professional ethics courses and strengthen the occupational risk education.Conclusions The majority of nursing students knew the protective measures of occupational exposure in nursing.But there were also someone who did not know these.Relevant knowledge was in high demand.Therefore,schools and internship units should provide a variety of ways to reduce the risks during the internship of nursing students.

Early clinical effects of phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of Acrysof IQ Restor multi-focal toric lens / 医学研究生学报

Objective Acrysof IQ Restor multifocal toric intraocular lens ( IOL) is a new product , which allows a single sur-gical procedure for presbyopia correction and corneal astigmatism management .This study was to evaluate the early clinical effects of phacoemulsification cataract surgery with implantation of a diffractive multifocal toric IOL . Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7 cases (9 eyes) of corneal astigmatism ≥1.0 diopter (D) treated by phacoemulsification with implantation of an Acrysof IQ Restor toric IOL.The patients were followed up for 3 months for observation of uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UDVA) , best corrected distance visual acuity ( CDVA) , uncorrected near visual acuity ( UNVA ) , best corrected near visual acuity ( CNVA ) , spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, focal depth, residual astigmatism, rotational stability of the IOL, contrast sensitivity (CS), and spectacle independ-ence preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after operation . Results At 3 months after surgery , the UDVA ( log-MAR), CDVA, UNVA, and CNVA were 0.07 ±0.10, 0.02 ±0.11, 0.12 ±0.06, and 0.08 ±0.07, respectively, with an SE re-fraction within ±0.50 D of the attempted spherical correction in 8 eyes (88.9%) and a focal depth of (5.32 ±1.78) D.The residual astigmatism at 3 months was significantly reduced as compared with the baseline ([0.25 ±0.28] vs [1.55 ±0.39] D, P0.05).At 3 months, the mean IOL axis rotation was (3.11 ±1.61)°and CS was remarkably im-proved ( P0.05) except at 18.0 cpd (P<0.05). Conclusion Implantation of the Acrysof IQ Restor multifocal toric IOL provides excellent overall quality of vision, spectacle independence, visual quality, and rotational stability for patients with cataract and corneal astigmatism.

Identification of Toxic Hyoscyami Semen and Its Adulterants Using DNA Barcoding / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The misuse of toxic drugsisseriousone of the threats of public health. In this study, toxic Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants were identified by DNA barcoding. The genomic DNA was extracted from 61 samples including Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants by reagent kit method. Their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using CodonCode Aligner v 4.25. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joning (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-parameter(K2P) model. The results showed that the intra-specific genetic distances of Hyoscyamusniger were 0.005 which were smaller than inter -specific ones (0.360) of H. niger and their adulterants. The NJ tree showed that H. niger was clustered into one monophyletic branch, and clearly separated with other species. Therefore, ITS2 sequence was able to identify Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants to ensure the safty of medicines.

Protection of ischemic postconditioning from retinal ischeima reperfusion injury in rat / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The potential protective effect of ischemia postconditiomng for hypoxia has been determined in many tissues and organs.But its mechanism in retina is still lack.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of ischemia postconditioning on retinal ischemia reperfusion injury.Methods Thirty-six health male Wistar rats were randomized into the normal control group,sham group,ischemia reperfusion group and ischemic postconditioning group.Retinal ischemia reperfusion models were induced by elevating the intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 minutes,and then the ischemic postconditioning was performed right away,1 minute and 10 minutes after ischemia in the rats of the ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ group,respectively.Electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded in the rats 7 days after operation,and the rats were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia.Retinal specimens were prepared for the histopathological examination.The retinal thickness and the recovery rates of ERG a,b waves and oscillation potentials (OPs) were compared among the groups using ANOVA of SPSS software.Results One day after experiment,the structure of rat retinas was nearly normal.However,retinal edema and vacuolar degeneration were seen in the rats of the ischemia reperfusion group and ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups primarily in the inner plexiform layer (IPL),inner nuclear layer (INL).The retinal thickness values of the entire layer,IPL and INL were significantly higher in the ischemia reperfusion group and ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups compared with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).Seven days after experiment,the retinas were thinner in the rats of the ischemia reperfusion group than those of the rats in the sham group,but the retinal thickness values in the ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups were significantly increased in comparison with the ischemia reperfusion group (all at P＜0.05).In addition,the recovery rates of ERG a,b,OPs amplitudes were significantly lower in the ischemia reperfusion group and ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups compared with the normal control group (all at P＜0.05).However,the recovery rates of ERG a,b,OPs amplitudes evidently elevated in the ischemic postconditioning Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ groups in comparison with the ischemia reperfusion group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Ischemia postconditioning can protect the structure and function of retina from ischemia reperfusion injury.Ischemia postconditioning plays the maximal effect immediately to 1 minute after ischemia reperfusion injury in Wistar rat.

Effect of Poloxamer 188 on deepening of deep second-degree burn wounds in the early stage.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of Poloxamer 188 (P188) on deepening of deep second-degree burn wounds in the early stage after burn. METHODS: We divided Wistar rats with deep second-degree burn wounds on the backs thereof into two groups, then intravenously injected P188 for the treatment group and intravenously injecting physiological saline for the control group, detecting the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the content of malonaldehyde (MDA) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in the burn wound, and showing the degree of necrosis in the wound by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: In the control group and treatment group, the activity of SDH and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase dropped to the lowest point 24 h after the burn took place, and then increased gradually, but was still far lower than the normal level at the furthest time point. At 24 h after burn, activity of SDH and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); the activity of MPO of the control group reached the highest point at 24 h while that of MPO of the treatment group reached the highest point after 48 h; later, that of MPO of both groups decreased, but was still higher than the normal level. Compared with the highest values of the activity of MPO of both groups, that of the control group was higher than that of the treatment group (p<0.05); the contents of MDA of both groups kept increasing after the burn; 72 h later, that of the control group was higher than that of the treatment group (p<0.05). HE and PCNA staining showed progressive damage of the wound in the treatment group, which was decreased with treatment, particularly at the early stages. CONCLUSION: Systemic application of P188 on deep second-degree burn wounds at the early stage may alleviate wound deepening, whose mechanism may be related to timely sealing up the damaged cell membrane and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction.

Pregnancy outcomes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer / 中华妇产科杂志

Objectives To study pregnant outcomes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET),and analyze the differences of pregnant outcomes in patients with various phenotypes of PCOS.Methods From Jan.2005 to Feb.2010,631 PCOS patients (PCOS group)and 1423 patients with tubal infertility (control group) who underwent IVF-ET with matched age and body mass index were selected in Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University.Retrospective study was carried out,and pregnancy outcomes were compared between two groups.Results The rates of abortion and preterm birth in PCOS group were significantly higher than those in control group [22.7％ ( 143/631 ) vs.18.69％ (266/1423) and 11.2％ (38/339) vs.6.4％ (51/794) respectively,all P ＜0.05 ].The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus were 1.5％ (5/339) in PCOS and 0.6％ (5/794) in control group,respectively; the rates of pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome were 4.7％ (16/339) in PCOS and 3.0％ (24/794) in control group; gestational days were(272 ± 13) days in PCOS and(273 ± l0)days in control group; the rates of neonatal deformity were 0.6％ (2/339) in PCOS and O.8％ (6/794) in control group; weight of newborn infants in the two groups was(3.5 ±0.5 ) kg; and there was no significant difference between two groups in the above index ( all P ＞ O.05 ).Ovulatory PCOS patients had similar abortion rate [ 18.6％ (19/102) ] and preterm birth rate [ 8.2％ (4/49) ] when compared with those of control group (P ＞ 0.05 ).Conversely,oligo-ovulatory PCOS patients showed higher abortion rate [ 23.4％ ( 124/529 ) ] and preterm birth rate [ 11.7％ (34/290) ] than those of control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions PCOS patients after IVF-ET have an increased abortion rate and preterm birth rate.However,ovulatory PCOS did not present various pregnancy complications.Non-polycystic ovary PCOS patients have worse pregnancy outcome.Ovarian dysfunction might be related to obstetric complications.

GC fingerprint characteristics of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution / 中成药

AIM:To establish the GC fingerprint of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution.METHODS:The volatile constituents of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution were analyzed by capillary GC with FID detector using hydrodistillation and hexane extraction under n-hepladecane used as the reference substance.RESULTS:GC fingerprint of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution,16 common peaks were established on the basis of systematic methodology after 10 batches of samples were tested.Variation in the relative retention time of 16 identified common peaks were within 0.5% range.CONCLUSION:The analytical method for Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution is precise and reliable.The research would be helpful to offer an effective pattern for quality control of Huoxiang Zhengqi Solution.

Association of genetic variants in urotensin Ⅱ gene with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms( SNP) of rs228648 and rs2890565 in urotensin Ⅱ (UTS2)gene with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods The genotypes of two SNPs in UTS2 gene were determined through polymerase chain reaction Tin-shift genotyping method. 101 Chinese Han families trios in Shandong Province consisting of fathers,mothers,and affected daughters with PCOS and 105 healthy women were recruited. The physiological and biochemical parameters including serum follicular stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone( LH),testosterone,fasting plasma glucose,and insulin were also measured. Results The distributions of three genotypes and two alleles of SNP rs228648 in UTS2 gene were similar between PCOS group and control group. The distributions of genotypes of SNP rs2890565 in UTS2 gene differed significantly between PCOS group and control group (P<0. 05). The frequency of A allele of SNP rs2890565 in UTS2 gene was significantly higher in PCOS group than that in control group( P<0.05). Transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) did not show significantly biased transmission of two different alleles from parents to affected daughters at rs228648 locus (P>0. 05) ,but showed an excess transmission of A allele from heterozygous parents to affected offspring at rs2890565 locus (P<0. 05). The carriers with GG genotype of SNP rs228648 had significantly higher HOMA-IR compared to those with AA and AG genotypes. The carriers with AA or AG genotype of SNP rs2890565 had significantly higher fasting plasma glucose and fasting insulin compared to those with GG genotypes. HOMA-IR in cases with AA genotype was significantly higher than that with GG genotype. Conclusions There is no association of SNP rs228648 with PCOS, but exists association with insulin resistance. The genetic polymorphism of UTS2 gene rs2890565 may be associated with PCOS,and the higher frequency of A allele is likely to contribute to PCOS.

Characteristics of glucose metabolism in non-obese and obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate characteristics of glucose metabolism of non-obese and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods From May 2006 to April 2009, 1928 PCOS patients treated in Reproductive Medicine Center of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were enrolled in this study, which were divided into 901 cases [body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2] in obese group and 1027 cases in non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2) group. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), oral glucose tolerance test, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) were compared between the two groups. Results (1) Blood glucose levels: at the time of fasting, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes, the levels of glucose were (5. 3±1.1), (9. 0±2. 4), (9. 3±4. 4),(7.5±2.8) ,(5.3±1.8)mmol/L in obese group and (5.0±0. 8) ,(8.4±3.5),(8.0±4.2),(6.5±3.2) ,(4. 9±1.6) mmol/L in non-obese group, which all showed statistical difference at every time point (P < 0. 01). (2)The level of insulin: at the time of fasting, 30, 60, 120 min, the level of insulin were (13±7), (81±51), (102±65), (83±63) mU/L in obese group and (8±5) ,(57±35) ,(62±44),(46±39) mU/L in non-obese group, which all showed statistical differenceatevery time point (P <0. 01). However, at time point of 180 minutes, the level of insulin did not exhibit significantly difference between obese and non-obese group (P > 0. 05). (3) The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism: the rate of IFG was 4. 98% (96/1928). The rate of abnormal glucose tolerance was 23. 08% (445/1928). The rate of IGT were 13.05% (134/1027) in non-obese group and 24. 20% (218/901) in obese group,which also showed remarkable difference (P < 0. 01). The rate of T2DM were 2. 53% (26/1027) in nonobese group and 7.44% (67/901) in obese group, which reached significant difference (P < 0. 01).Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism was observed more frequently in overweight or obese PCOS women.

Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism-56 of calpain-10 gene and glucose and lipid metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome patients / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study the effect of desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol(DEE)pre-treatment combined with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)stimulation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation(IVF-ET).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 101 infertile women who received a short protocol of GnRH-a for IVF-ET treatment from June 2004 to June 2007 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College.Patients had been pre-treated with oral contraceptive pill(OCP)for two months before GnRH-a combined with recombinant follicle stimulation hormone(r-FSH)treatment(study group,n=42)or had not been pretreated with OCP(control group,n=59).A statistical analysis of two groups was carried out for the assessment of ovulation stimulating effect of OCP and its influence on the IVF.Results Serum FSH was significantly decreased after OCP in the study group.Twelve pregnancies were obtained including 1 case of spontaneous abortion at 7 weeks in the study group,and 11 pregnancies were obtained including 2 cases of spontaneous abortion during 7-9 weeks in control group.The clinical pregnancy rates in the study group(23％,12/53)was higher than that in the control group(17％,11/63),but the differences were not significant(P＞0.05).The miscarriage rate in the study group(8％,1/12)was lower than that in the control group(18％,2/11),however no significant differences were found between them(P＞0.05).The cycle cancellation rate in patients of the study group(5％,3/56)was significantly lower than that in patients of the control group(17％,13/76,P＜0.05).The differences between patients of the two groups with respect to age,basal level of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH),antral follicle counts,the mean number of oocyte retrieval,the days of stimulation,total dose of rFSH used,fertilization rate and embryo cleavage rate,however were insignificant.ConclusionOCP pretreatment combined with short protocol of GnRH-a stimulation in IVF could significantly decrease the cycle cancellation rate,with a declining miscarriage rate and increasing pregnancy rate.

Analysis of therapeutic outcomes of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with hyperprolactinemia / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To study effect of drug treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome patients withhyperprolactinemia.Methods We retrospectively studied 63 women with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperprolactinemia from the Reproductive Medicine Center,Provincial Hospital between January 2005 andMarch 2007.According to the beginning time of bromocriptine,all women were divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ was composed of 48 cases who received bromocriptine administration before induction of ovulation cycles,and the dose of bromocriptine was modulated depending on the level of serum prolactin.When serum prolactin was controlled at normal levels,we decreased the dosage of bromocriptine step by step(1.25 mgonce),and then continued the treatment at maintenance dosage for no less than 3 weeks.After a baselineultrasonographic examination on day 3,patients were treated with clomiphene citrate at a dosage of 100 mg (2 tablets/day)for 5 days of a normal cycle or progesterone-induced bleeding.On day 9,we monitored the growth conditions of follicles routinely with trans-vaginal uhrasound.If there was no dominant follicle,we added human menopausal hormone(hMG,75 U/d)to the protocol.Human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG,6000-10000 IU)was given intramuscularly when the mean diameter of a follicle reached at least 18 mm.At the same time we instructed the patients to have sexual intercourses or carried out artificial inseminationsbefore and after ovulation.Group Ⅱ were 15 cases in which induction of ovulations were commenced almostsimultaneously with beginning of bromocriptine.The same protocol was given to patients in group Ⅱ.The procedures of ovulation induction and the outcomes of treatment were analyzed and compared.Results Compared with groupⅡ.the days of using hMG in Group Ⅰ was shorter by instructing the time of sexualintercourse.The difference was significant(P=0.004).And there were similar results in the artificial insemination cycles(P=0.009).The rate of pregnancy in group Ⅰ(40%,19/48)was higher than that in groupⅡ(27%,4/15),but the difference was not obvious(P=0.525).Conclusion Bromocriptine administration before the stimulated ovulation therapy can decrease the total dosage and treatment course of ovulating drugs.Induction of ovulations simultaneously with start of bromocriptine therapy can shorten the treatment time of infertility.