ABSTRACT
Background: In the last decade, new therapies with different mechanisms of action have been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the lack of comparative head-to-head trials, the ideal positioning of agents as the most appropriate first- or second-line therapies remains to be defined. Objective: This survey aimed to evaluate the perception and decisions of Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) specialists in positioning of new therapies (vedolizumab [VEDO], ustekinumab [UST] and tofacitinib [TOFA]) in the management of IBD in different clinical scenarios. Methodology: An anonymous national web-based questionnaire was used to determine the positioning of treatment options in different clinical scenarios (using Google Forms platform), which involved different age ranges, phenotypes, clinical situations and previous exposure to anti-TNF agents (14 scenarios for CD and 10 scenarios for UC). In CD, physicians could choose between UST or VEDO, whilst in UC, between UST, VEDO or TOFA. Six reasons for the specific choice were proposed, such as mechanism of action, safety, method of administration or onset of action. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square and t-tests. Results: A total of 150 out of 672 GEDIIB IBD specialists (22.32%) responded to the survey. In CD scenarios, UST was the most dominant choice (11/14 scenarios), with VEDO dominating only 3 clinical situations. In UC scenarios, VEDO was the dominant choice (8/10), with UST being chosen for scenarios that included extraintestinal manifestations. Among the reasons for specific choices, the most commonly chosen were the higher efficacy due to the intrinsic mechanism of action and safety profile.(AU)
Antecedentes: En la última década se han aprobado nuevas terapias con diferentes mecanismos de acción para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y de la colitis ulcerosa (CU) de moderada a grave. Debido a la falta de ensayos comparativos cara a cara, aún no se ha definido el posicionamiento ideal de los agentes como terapias de primera o segunda línea más adecuadas. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta encuesta fue evaluar la percepción y las decisiones de los especialistas brasileños en enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII) en el posicionamiento de las nuevas terapias (vedolizumab [VEDO], ustekinumab [UST] y tofacitinib [TOFA]) en el manejo de la EII en diferentes escenarios clínicos. Metodología: Se utilizó un cuestionario nacional anónimo basado en la web para determinar el posicionamiento de las opciones de tratamiento en diferentes escenarios clínicos (utilizando la plataforma Google Forms), que implicaban diferentes rangos de edad, fenotipos, situaciones clínicas y exposición previa a agentes anti-TNF (14 escenarios para la EC y 10 escenarios para la CU). En la EC, los médicos podían elegir entre UST o VEDO, mientras que, en la CU, entre UST, VEDO o TOFA. Se propusieron 6 razones para la elección específica, como el mecanismo de acción, la seguridad, el método de administración o el inicio de acción. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y la t de Student. Resultados: Un total de 150 de los 672 especialistas en EII del Grupo de Estudios Brasileño de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (GEDIIB) (22,32%) respondieron a la encuesta. En los escenarios de la EC, la UST fue la opción más dominante (11/14 escenarios), y la VEDO solo dominó 3 situaciones clínicas. En los escenarios de la CU, la VEDO fue la elección dominante (8/10), siendo la UST la elegida para los escenarios que incluían manifestaciones extraintestinales.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative , Ustekinumab , Integrins , Janus Kinases , Biological Products , Surveys and Questionnaires , Brazil , Gastroenterology , GastroenterologistsABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition that globally affects the health of people who suffer from it, deteriorating their quality of life (QoL). An aspect rarely explored by healthcare providers is the influence of the disease on the sexual functioning of individuals. This discretion is mainly due to an unconscious resistance when asking our patients about their sexual functioning because of a lack of knowledge and skills to tackle this topic or disinterest on the part of professionals, and fear or shame on the part of patients. Sexual function is a constant concern in IBD patients that has been reflected in several studies, especially if we consider that the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) in IBD is higher than that reported in the general population. The etiology of SD in patients with IBD remains unclear but is likely to be multifactorial, where biological, psychosocial, and disease-specific factors are involved. Currently, there are no formal recommendations in the IBD clinical guidelines on how to manage SD in these patients. The use of validated clinical scales could improve the detection of SD and allow the treatment of the underlying causes in order to improve the QoL of patients with IBD. This review aims to illustrate the different aspects involved in SD in IBD patients and the importance of the participation of a multidisciplinary team in the early detection and treatment of SD at different stages of the disease.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gut which upon acquiring virulence factors becomes potentially able to cause diseases. Although E. coli population augments in Crohn's disease (CD), the reason of this proliferation is not yet clear. CD associated E. coli shows features of extraintestinal pathogenic categories (ExPEC), and eventually the ability to invade cultured epithelial cells, a property observed among diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). In this work, data on the characterization of an E. coli isolate from a CD patient reveal that, besides invasiveness, CD associated E. coli may harbor other typical DEC markers, namely those defining enterohemorragic (EHEC) and enteroaggregative (EAEC) pathotypes. RESULTS: The studied strain, detected both in an ileum biopsy and stools, belonged to the B2 E. coli reference collection (EcoR) phylogroup and harbored the intimin, Shiga cytotoxin 1, and AggR transcriptional activator encoding genes (eae, stx1, aggR, respectively); displayed aggregative adherence to Hep-2 cells and an ability to enter Caco-2 cells four times as high as that of EIEC reference strain and half of invasiveness of AIEC LF82. It was able to enter and replicate in J774 macrophages with invasiveness 85 times as high as that of LF82, but with only one sixth of the intracellular proliferation ability of the later. Extracellular products with cytotoxic activity on Vero cells were detected in strain's cultures. Preliminary analysis indicated similarity of this strain's genome with that of O104:H4/2011C-3493. METHODS: Following its isolation from a resected CD patient, the strain was characterized by in vitro adhesion and invasion assays to Hep-2, invasion to Caco-2 cells and to J774 macrophages and tested for the ability to form biofilm and to produce Shiga cytotoxins. PCRs were carried out to identify virulence genetic markers and for EcoR phylogrouping. The strain's genome was sequenced by means of Ion torrent PGM platform. CONCLUSION: The detection, in a CD patient, of an E. coli combining virulence features of multiple DEC pathotypes seems not only to stress the relevance of E. coli to CD etiopathogenesis but also to indicate the existence of new and potentially more virulent strains putatively associated with this disease.
