ABSTRACT
The Es4 s shale is taken as the main research object to understand and describe the reservoir characteristics in Boxing Sag, Dongying Depression. Through core observation, X-ray diffraction, thin section observation, field-emission scanning electron microscopy analysis, and low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption experiment, the reservoir space of the Es4 s shale including pore types, pore size, and pore structure characteristics was elucidated. The study shows that the shale in the Boxing Sag has the following characteristics: (1) the reservoir space in the study area is diverse, with the development of inorganic pores, organic pores, and microfractures. The higher the content of calcite and organic matter, the more favorable the development of intergranular pores, dissolution pores, and organic matter pores and (2) complex pore structure. The average Barrett-Joyner-Halenda pore size of calcareous shale is 6.5-22.8 nm, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller cumulative specific surface area is 0.7588-4.744 m2/g. According to the morphological analysis of the adsorption and desorption curve, it is found that the shale samples in the target interval are mainly ink-bottle-shaped, cylindrical, and slit-shaped pores. The shale samples with relatively well-laminated intervals are mainly composed of ink-bottle-shaped and cylindrical pores, while the samples with relatively unlaminated intervals and high clay mineral content are mainly composed of slit-shaped pores. The contents of clay minerals and calcite are correlated with pore volume, specific surface area, and pore size, which further indicates the controlling effect of clay minerals and carbonate mineral components on pore structure parameters. This study not only helps us to understand the distribution of various micropores/nanopores in the lacustrine shale but also acts as a guiding note for the characterization of the shale oil reservoir, which ultimately offers a theoretical foundation for lacustrine shale oil exploration and development.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To examine the correlation between frailty and lifestyle factors among middle-aged and elderly populations, so as to provide insights into the management of frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations.@*Methods @#Middle-aged and elderly residents at ages of 45 ot 69 years were recruited using the convenient sampling method from seven townships in Changxing County of Zhejiang Province from 2019 to 2020. The demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were collected using questionnaires, and the frailty was measured using the Chinese version of Tilburg Frailty Indicator ( TFI ). Factors affecting frailty were identified among middle-aged and elderly populations using the multivariable logistic regression model.@*Results@#A total of 7 170 residents were surveyed, including 2 780 males ( 38.77% ) and 4 390 females ( 61.23% ), which had a median age of 56 (interquartile range, 10) years. The median frailty score was 2 (interquartile range, 3 ) among the study subjects, and the median frailty score was 2 ( interquartile range, 2 ) among residents at ages of 45 to 59 years, and 2 (interquartile range, 3) among residents at ages of 60 to 69 years. The overall detection of frailty was 16.07%, and the detection of frailty was 13.52% among subjects at ages of 45 to 59 years and 21.01% among subjects at ages of 60 to 69 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified physical activity ( OR=0.826, 95%CI: 0.719-0.949 ) and sleep quality ( OR: 3.376-11.493, 95%CI: 2.907-15.808 ) as factors affecting frailty among middle-aged and elderly residents. Following age stratification, physical activity ( OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.681-0.981 ) and sleep quality ( OR: 3.076-11.566, 95%CI: 2.518-18.216 ) as factors affecting frailty among subjects at ages of 45 to 59 years, while sleep quality ( OR: 3.777-11.827, 95%CI: 3.002-18.547 ) significantly correlated with frailty among residents at ages of 60 to 69 years.@*Conclusion@#Physical activity and sleep quality are associated with the risk of frailty among middle-aged and elderly populations.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)as a quantitative analysis tool for chronic cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)with 3.0T MRI.Methods Cervical routine MR T2-weighted imaging(T2 WI)and diffusion weighted imaging were performed in 38 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM group)and 20 healthy volunteers (control group),and sagittal image of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)was reconstructed.The number of high T2 signal of the spinal cord were calculated in both healthy volunteers and CSM patients.The ADC values of CSM groups were measured in C3,T1 -C2 level and the compression or abnormal signal parts of the spinal cord;the control group measured C3、C4-C6 and T1 -T2 level in the spinal cord.Results There were 3 cases,1 case,6 cases and 8 cases high T2 signals in CSM patients from Ⅰ to Ⅳ levels,while there were 2 cases show high T2 signals in control group,respectively.The mean ADC values of the compression part were gradual-ly increased in CSM group from Ⅰ to Ⅳ level.There were significant differences of the mean ADC values of compression part be-tween the control group,CSMⅠ-Ⅱ level and the CSM Ⅳ level.Conclusion From our study,the change of ADC value of spine cord occured earlier than the change of signal in CSM patients.Therefore,the ADC value of spine cord might reflect the degree of spinal cord compression from CSM patients.
