Gender perspective in the implementation of hygiene in cardiology intensive care.

INTRODUCTION: Hygiene in critical patients is an essential daily care, provided under safe conditions, to promote comfort and maintain the integrity of skin and mucous membranes, however, it can generate feelings of dependence and vulnerability in patients. The aim of this post hoc study is to know the differences in satisfaction and lived experience regarding bed hygiene in an intensive care unit according to biological sex and gender perspective. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and prospective study in which an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to 148 conscious and oriented patients of legal age. The questionnaire was completed 24-48 hours after admission to the unit, once the initial bed hygiene had been performed. RESULTS: Males experienced conformism (51%), embarrassment (31%) and relief (9%); Women felt conformism (35.4%), embarrassment (18.8%) and relief (29.2%) (p < 0.05). Women experienced a feeling of cleanliness in 89.1% compared to 56.1% of men (p < 0.05). Men were offered to wash their genitals in 72.9% compared to 35.7% of women (p < 0.05). 34.3% of men would prefer a family member to assist them during hygiene (62.9% by their wives), compared to 27.1% of women who would prefer a family member (84.6% by their daughters). CONCLUSION: Women tolerate bed hygiene better than men and appreciate more the feeling of cleanliness. Women are identified as caregivers, both professionally and in the family, and patients prefer them to collaborate in the performance of hygiene, being wives preferred by men and daughters preferred by women.

Predictors of mortality and neurological function in ICU patients recovering from cardiac arrest: A Spanish nationwide prospective cohort study / Predictores de mortalidad y función neurológica en pacientes de UCI que se recuperan de una parada cardíaca: estudio prospectivo de cohortes a nivel nacional

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of mortality and neurological function in adult ICU patients recovering from cardiac arrest. DESIGN: A prospective cohort multicenter study was carried out. SETTINGS: Forty-six polyvalent ICUs. PATIENTS: A total of 595 patients recovering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA, n=285) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA, n=310). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Survival and recovery of neurological function. RESULTS: The mean cardiopulmonary resuscitation time was 18min (range 10-30). Moderate hypothermia was used in 197 patients, and 150 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved within 20min in 370 patients. Variables associated to mortality (ICU and in-hospital) were age (odds ratio [OR]=1.0, 95%CI 1.0-1.0 per year), non-cardiac origin of cardiac arrest (OR=2.16, 95%CI 1.38-3.38; P=0.001) and ROSC >20min (OR=3.07, 95%CI 1.97-4.78; P<0.001), whereas PCI and the presence of shockable rhythm exhibited a protective effect. Favorable neurological outcome was associated to shockable rhythm, ROSC <20min, and cardiac origin of arrest. Hypothermia did not affect survival or neurological outcome in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Age, non-cardiac origin of cardiac arrest and ROSC >20min were predictors of mortality. In contrast, cardiac arrest of cardiac origin, ROSC <20min, and defibrillable rhythms were associated to unfavorable neurological outcomes

OBJETIVO: Identificar predictores de mortalidad y de función neurológica en pacientes adultos ingresados en las UCI, recuperados de una parada cardíaca. DISEÑO: Estudio prospectivo de cohortes multicéntrico. ÁMBITO: Cuarenta y seis UCI polivalentes. PACIENTES: Se incluyeron 595 pacientes recuperados de una parada cardíaca extrahospitalaria (OHCA, n=285) o intrahospitalaria (IHCA, n=310). VARIABLES DE INTERÉS PRINCIPALES: Supervivencia y recuperación de la función neurológica. RESULTADOS: El tiempo medio de reanimación cardiopulmonar fue de 18min (rango: 10-30). Se usó hipotermia moderada en 197 pacientes, y 150 se sometieron a intervención coronaria percutánea (PCI). El retorno de la circulación espontánea (ROSC) se logró en 20min en 370 pacientes. Las variables asociadas con la mortalidad (UCI y en el hospital) fueron la edad (odds ratio [OR]: 1,0; IC 95%: 1,0-1,0 por año), origen no cardíaco de la parada cardíaca (OR: 2,16; IC 95%: 1,38-3,38; p = 0,001) y el ROSC>20min (OR: 3,07; IC 95%: 1,97-4,78; p < 0,001), mientras que la PCI y la presencia de ritmo desfibrilable mostraron un efecto protector. El resultado neurológico favorable se asoció con ritmo desfibrilable, ROSC<20min y origen cardíaco de la parada. En el análisis multivariable, la hipotermia no afectó a la supervivencia ni al resultado neurológico. CONCLUSIONES: La edad, el origen no cardíaco de la parada cardíaca y el ROSC>20min fueron predictores de mortalidad. Por el contrario, la parada cardíaca de origen cardíaco, el ROSC<20min, y los ritmos desfibrilables se asociaron con un resultado neurológico favorable

Predictors of mortality and neurological function in ICU patients recovering from cardiac arrest: A Spanish nationwide prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of mortality and neurological function in adult ICU patients recovering from cardiac arrest. DESIGN: A prospective cohort multicenter study was carried out. SETTING: Forty-six polyvalent ICUs. PATIENTS: A total of 595 patients recovering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA, n=285) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA, n=310). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: Survival and recovery of neurological function. RESULTS: The mean cardiopulmonary resuscitation time was 18min (range 10-30). Moderate hypothermia was used in 197 patients, and 150 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved within 20min in 370 patients. Variables associated to mortality (ICU and in-hospital) were age (odds ratio [OR]=1.0, 95%CI 1.0-1.0 per year), non-cardiac origin of cardiac arrest (OR=2.16, 95%CI 1.38-3.38; P=0.001) and ROSC >20min (OR=3.07, 95%CI 1.97-4.78; P<0.001), whereas PCI and the presence of shockable rhythm exhibited a protective effect. Favorable neurological outcome was associated to shockable rhythm, ROSC <20min, and cardiac origin of arrest. Hypothermia did not affect survival or neurological outcome in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Age, non-cardiac origin of cardiac arrest and ROSC >20min were predictors of mortality. In contrast, cardiac arrest of cardiac origin, ROSC <20min, and defibrillable rhythms were associated to unfavorable neurological outcomes.

Crisis epiléptica no convulsiva inducida por propofol / Propofol-induced non-convulsive epileptic crisis

No disponible

Content of Orthopedic Patient Education Provided by Nurses in Seven European Countries.

Patients' and their significant others' education during the perioperative phase is an important and challenging aspect of care. This study explored the content of education provided by nurses to arthroplasty patients and their significant others. Data were collected with the Education of Patients-NURSE content (EPNURSE-Content), Received Knowledge of Hospital Patient (RKhp), and Received Knowledge of Significant Other (RKso) scales. The results showed that the content of education emphasized biophysiological and functional needs, differed between countries, and was related to how physically demanding nurses found their job to be and the amount of education provided. There is congruence between the received knowledge of patients and their significant others in relation to the content of education provided by nurses. The findings can support nurses in developing aid material for patients and significant others explaining the nature of education and advising them what to expect and how to optimize their participation in the process.

Intensive care practices in brain death diagnosis and organ donation.

We conducted a multicentre study of 1844 patients from 42 Spanish intensive care units, and analysed the clinical characteristics of brain death, the use of ancillary testing, and the clinical decisions taken after the diagnosis of brain death. The main cause of brain death was intracerebral haemorrhage (769/1844, 42%), followed by traumatic brain injury (343/1844, 19%) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (257/1844, 14%). The diagnosis of brain death was made rapidly (50% in the first 24 h). Of those patients who went on to die, the Glasgow Coma Scale on admission was ≤ 8/15 in 1146/1261 (91%) of patients with intracerebral haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury or anoxic encephalopathy; the Hunt and Hess Scale was 4-5 in 207/251 (83%) of patients following subarachnoid haemorrhage; and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was ≥ 15 in 114/129 (89%) of patients with strokes. Brain death was diagnosed exclusively by clinical examination in 92/1844 (5%) of cases. Electroencephalography was the most frequently used ancillary test (1303/1752, 70.7%), followed by transcranial Doppler (652/1752, 37%). Organ donation took place in 70% of patients (1291/1844), with medical unsuitability (267/553, 48%) and family refusal (244/553, 13%) the main reasons for loss of potential donors. All life-sustaining measures were withdrawn in 413/553 of non-donors (75%).

Reorganización asistencial de un área de urgencias en niveles de urgencia: impacto sobre la efectividad y la calidad / Reorganization of emergency department care by levels of urgency: impact on effectiveness

Objetivo: Analizar el efecto que sobre la efectividad y la calidad tuvo una reorganización de un servicio de urgencias (SU).Método: De una organización asistencial en especialidades (medicina, cirugía y traumatología)en un hospital urbano terciario universitario, se pasó a una distribución de los espacios asistenciales en niveles de urgencias según el sistema de triaje MAT: nivel I, nivel II, nivel III y nivel IV-V, con independencia de la especialidad y sin variación de recursos. El período de preintervención fue de 1/12/09 al 15/1/10 y el de postintervención desde el1/12/10 al 15/1/11. Se midieron indicadores de efectividad (nº consultas/día, tiempo de triaje, tiempo de espera, tiempo de estancia y porcentaje de ingresos) e indicadores de calidad objetiva (fugados, reconsultas, mortalidad) y calidad subjetiva (reclamaciones).Resultados: Después de la reorganización se consultaron diariamente más pacientes(187 vs 202, p < 0,05); el tiempo de triaje y de estancia no varió; el tiempo de espera(115 vs 96 min, p < 0,05), el porcentaje de ingresos (22,9% vs 19,4%, p < 0,05) y el porcentaje de fugados (5,25% vs 3,97%, p < 0,05) fueron menores. Las reconsultas no se modificaron (5,39% vs 4,69%, p = 0,07). La mortalidad se incrementó (0,48% vs0,33%, p < 0,05), si bien permaneció en cifras bajas y similares o inferiores a series previas. Las reclamaciones descendieron de 0,4% a 0,2% (p < 0,05).Conclusiones: La reorganización del SU por niveles de urgencia permite visitar más pacientes y mejorar prácticamente todos los indicadores analizados (AU)

Objective: To analyze the impact of reorganizing an emergency department using health care effectiveness and quality indicators as outcome measures. Material and methods: Setting: tertiary care urban hospital. The emergency department switched from organization by specialties (medicine, surgery, trauma) to organization by assignment of spaces to Andorran Medical Triage (MAT) levels(I, II, III, and IV-V) without regard for specialty area and without changing available resources. Study periods: preintervention (December 1, 2009, to January 15, 2010) and post intervention (December 1, 2010, to January 15,2011). Effectiveness indicators: number of visits daily, triage time, wait time, length of emergency department stay, percentage of admissions. Quality indicators: objective—number of patients leaving without being seen, revisits, and mortality; subjective—complaints. Results: After reorganization significantly more patients were seen daily (202 vs 187 preintervention, wait time was shorter (96 minutes vs 115 minutes), fewer patients were admitted (19.4% vs 22.9%), and fewer left without being seen(3.97% vs 5.25%) (P<.05, all comparisons). Triage time did not vary between the 2 periods, and the revisiting rates were similar (4.69%, post intervention; 5.39%, preintervention; P=.07). Mortality increased after reorganization (to 0.48% vs0.33% preintervention, P<.05), although the mortality rate remained low in comparison with previously published series. The number of complaints fell (to 0.2% from 0.4% before reorganization, P<.05).Conclusions: Reorganizing the emergency department by levels of urgency facilitated the department’s ability to see more patients and led to improvements in nearly all of the quality indicators analyzed (AU)

[Profile and professional expectations for nursing students]. / Perfil y expectativas profesionales del estudiante de enfermeriá.

The authors describe the profile corresponding to students enrolled in first, second and third year courses to become registered nurses in Catalonia, along with their professional and job expectations; the authors examine students' perceptions of the university environment. This information will be a great aid to, on the one hand, update the performances and initiatives taken by those responsible for nursing schools, and on the other hand, to obtain a preliminary view on future nursing professionals. At the same time, this information will provide useful elements for students themselves to reflect on their studies and their future as professionals.

Perfil y expectativas profesionales del estudiante de enfermería / Profile and Professional Expectations for nursing students

Se describe el perfil de los estudiantes de primer, segundo y tercer curso de la Diplomatura de Enfermería de Cataluña, así como sus expectativas laborales y profesionales, y se examina su percepción del entorno universitario. Esta información será de gran ayuda, por un lado, para adecuar las actuaciones e iniciativas de los responsables de las escuelas y, por otro, para obtener una visión preliminar de los futuros profesionales de enfermería. Así mismo, aportará elementos útiles para la reflexión de los propios estudiantes sobre sus estudios y su futuro como profesionales(AU)

The authors describe the profile corresponding to students enrolled in first, second and third year courses to become registered nurses in Catalonia, along with their professional and job expectations; the authors examine students' perceptions of the university environment. This information will be a great aid to, on the one hand, update the performances and initiatives taken by those responsible for nursing schools, and on the other hand, to obtain a preliminary view on future nursing professionals. At the same time, this information will provide useful elements for students themselves to reflect on their studies and their future as professionals(AU)

Hipotermia terapéutica en el traumatismo craneoencefálico / No disponible

No disponible

[Utility of vasopressin in cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. / Utilidad de la vasopresina en la resucitación cardiopulmonar.

Many vasopressants have been studied in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase cerebral and coronary perfusion. Although there is a debate on the utility of epinephrine, this is the one that has been used historically, above all after verifying that other agents such as norepinephrine, metoxamine or phenylephrine, have not been shown to be more effective. Currently, due to the good experimental results, the use of vasopressin (ADH) in CPR is being evaluated. However there is little (only three studies) and debated evidence based on randomized clinical trials (norepinephrine or ADH) in humans. Once these are reviewed, it can be concluded: The results of the three randomized studies in humans obtain different results regarding the utility of ADH in cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) secondary to ventricular fibrillation, electro-mechanical dissociation or asystole. More prospective studies are needed to know the role of ADH in prolonged CRA and in asystole, that may be the subgroups that can benefit the most from this drug. The neurological repercussion of a drug in the context of CRA should be evaluated before its inclusion in the CPR guides.

Utilidad de la vasopresina en la resucitación cardiopulmonar / Utility of vasopressin in cardiopulmonaryresuscitation

Muchos son los vasopresores estudiados en resucitación cardiopulmonar (RCP) para aumentar la presión de perfusión cerebral y coronaria. A pesar de que existe controversia sobre la utilidad de la adrenalina, ésta es la que históricamente se ha utilizado, sobre todo tras la comprobación de que otros agentes como la noradrenalina, metoxamina o fenilefrina no han demostrado ser más efectivos. Actualmente, debido a los buenos resultados experimentales, se está valorando la utilidad de la vasopresina (ADH) en la RCP. Sin embargo existe poca (sólo tres estudios) y controvertida evidencia basada en ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (adrenalina o ADH) en seres humanos. Una vez revisados éstos, se puede concluir lo siguiente: Los resultados de los tres estudios aleatorizados en seres humanos obtienen resultados distintos respecto a la utilidad de la ADH en la parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) secundaria a fibrilación ventricular, disociación electromecánica o asistolia. Son necesarios más estudios prospectivos para conocer el papel de la ADH en la PCR prolongada y en la asistolia, que tal vez sean los subgrupos que más se puedan beneficiar de este fármaco. La repercusión neurológica de un fármaco en el contexto de la PCR debe evaluarse antes de su inclusión en las guías de la RCP

Many vasopressants have been studied in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase cerebral and coronary perfusion. Although there is a debate on the utility of epinephrine, this is the one that has been used historically, above all after verifying that other agents such as norepinephrine, metoxamine or phenylephrine, have not been shown to be more effective. Currently, due to the good experimental results, the use of vasopressin (ADH) in CPR is being evaluated. However there is little (only three studies) and debated evidence based on randomized clinical trials (norepinephrine or ADH) in humans. Once these are reviewed, it can be concluded: The results of the three randomized studies in humans obtain different results regarding the utility of ADH in cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) secondary to ventricular fibrillation, electro-mechanical dissociation or asystole. More prospective studies are needed to know the role of ADH in prolonged CRA and in asystole, that may be the subgroups that can benefit the most from this drug. The neurological repercussion of a drug in the context of CRA should be evaluated before its inclusion in the CPR guides

[Analysis of the Educational Program for Self-Care in the Elderly (PECA) for improving the quality of life of the elderly]. / Análisis del programa educativo PECA para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy over 12 months of the educational programme on self-care of the elderly (PECA), which covers quality of life, nutritional status, and perceived social support of people over 65 living in their own homes. DESIGN: Pre-test/post-test experimental study with control group. SETTING: Urban population in the Manso Health District (Example, Barcelona), Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Persons over 65 living in their own homes, healthy or with chronic illnesses characteristic of their age, who had a normal score in the Pfeiffer test. A total of 70 subjects (35 per group) were selected and 5 of the control group left the study. INTERVENTION: Programme on self-care of the elderly, including education on physical activity, nutrition, and social support. MEASUREMENTS: Dependent variables were quality of life, measured by the Nottingham Health Profile; nutritional status, measured by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA); and social support, measured by the Duke-Unk Functional Social Support Scale. RESULTS: The study sample had an average age of 70.9 (SD, 3.1); 88.2% had self-perception of good health; and 21% lived alone. We only found statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention observations in nutritional status (P=.001). CONCLUSION: Despite a statistically significant difference in the variable of nutritional status, the difference was not "clinically" relevant. The ineffectiveness of the intervention is due to our starting from a very homogeneous sample, which had good health status and well-established social networks.

Análisis del programa educativo PECA para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores

Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia, a lo largo de 12 meses, del programa Educativo de Autocuidado del Anciano (PECA) sobre la calidad de vida, el estado nutricional y el apoyo social percibido de personas mayores de 65 años que viven en su propio domicilio. Diseño. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Emplazamiento. Área básica de salud (ABS) de Manso. Barcelona. Participantes. Personas mayories de 65 años que viven en sus propios domicilios, sanas o con enfermedades crónicas propias de la edad y que obtienen una puntuación normal en el test de Pfeiffer. Se seleccionó a un total de 70 sujetos (35 por grupo) y abandonaron 5 del grupo control. Intervención. Programa PECA que incluyeeducación sobre la actividad física, la nutrición y el apoyo social. Mediciones. Las variables dependientes son la calidad de vida, medida con el Perfil de Salud de Nottinham (PSN); el estado nutricional, medido con el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), y el apoyo social, medido con la escala de Apoyo Social Funcional Duke-UnK. Resultados. La muestra tenía una edad media ± desviación estándar de 70,9 ± 3,1 años, tenía una buena percepción de su salud (88,2 por ciento) y el 21 por ciento vivía solo. Únicamente se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativa s entre las observaciones preinterveción y postintervención en la variable estado nutricional (p = 0,001). Conclusión. La diferencia observada en la variable estado nutricional no es clinicamente relevante. La ausencia de efecto de la intervención podría deberse a que la muestra es muy homogénea, con un buen estado de salud y con una red social bien estabelecida.(AU)

Análisis del programa educativo PECA para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas mayores / Analysis of the PECA educational programme for improving the quality of life of the elderly

Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia, a lo largo de 12 meses, del programa Educativo de Autocuidado del Anciano (PECA) sobre la calidad de vida, el estado nutricional y el apoyo social percibido de personas mayores de 65 años que viven en su propio domicilio. Diseño. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Emplazamiento. Área básica de salud (ABS) de Manso. Barcelona. Participantes. Personas mayores de 65 años que viven en sus propios domicilios, sanas o con enfermedades crónicas propias de la edad y que obtienen una puntuación normal en el test de Pfeiffer. Se seleccionó a un total de 70 sujetos (35 por grupo) y abandonaron 5 del grupo control. Intervención. Programa PECA que incluye educación sobre la actividad física, la nutrición y el apoyo social. Mediciones. Las variables dependientes son la calidad de vida, medida con el Perfil de Salud de Nottingham (PSN); el estado nutricional, medido con el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), y el apoyo social, medido con la escala de Apoyo Social Funcional Duke-UnK. Resultados. La muestra tenía una edad media ± desviación estándar de 70,9 ± 3,1 años, tenía una buena percepción de su salud (88,2%) y el 21% vivía solo. Únicamente se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las observaciones preintervención y postintervención en la variable estado nutricional (p = 0,001). Conclusión. La diferencia observada en la variable estado nutricional no es «clínicamente» relevante. La ausencia de efecto de la intervención podría deberse a que la muestra es muy homogénea, con un buen estado de salud y con una red social bien establecida

Objective. To determine the efficacy over 12 months of the educational programme on self-care of the elderly (PECA), which covers quality of life, nutritional status, and perceived social support of people over 65 living in their own homes. Design. Pre-test/post-test experimental study with control group. Setting. Urban population in the Manso Health District (Eixample, Barcelona), Spain. Participants. Persons over 65 living in their own homes, healthy or with chronic illnesses characteristic of their age, who had a normal score in the Pfeiffer test. A total of 70 subjects (35 per group) were selected and 5 of the control group left the study. Intervention. Programme on self-care of the elderly, including education on physical activity, nutrition, and social support. Measurements. Dependent variables were quality of life, measured by the Nottingham Health Profile; nutritional status, measured by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA); and social support, measured by the Duke-Unk Functional Social Support Scale. Results. The study sample had an average age of 70.9 (SD, 3.1); 88.2% had self-perception of good health; and 21% lived alone. We only found statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention observations in nutritional status (P=.001). Conclusion. Despite a statistically significant difference in the variable of nutritional status, the difference was not "clinically" relevant. The ineffectiveness of the intervention is due to our starting from a very homogeneous sample, which had good health status and well-established social networks