ABSTRACT
Background: The effect of different intracanal medicaments on root fracture resistance has not been thoroughly investigated in the short and long term. To assess the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH), CH combined with Chlorhexidine (CHX), double antibiotic paste (DAP), and simvastatin as intracanal medicaments on the fracture resistance of the human root. One hundred and twenty single-rooted mandibular premolars which were extracted for periodontal reasons were collected for this in vitro study. Materials and Methods: This was an in vitro study. All teeth were decoronated. Root canals were prepared by the Pro taper system, and %2.5 NaOCl was used for irrigation. The smear layer was removed using %5.25 NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid each for 3 min. The samples were randomly divided into five groups based on the medicament: (1) CH (2) CH + CHX (3) Simvastatin (4) DAP (5) Control group. All specimens in each group were incubated for 1 week (Subgroup A) and 1 month (Subgroup B). Then, medicaments were removed and filled with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer. All samples were tested for fracture resistance. The data were statistically evaluated with the SPSS software 17. ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used for the analysis of the data. P = 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Although CH and CH + CHX increased the fracture resistance in a 1-week period, there was no significant difference between the groups after 1 month. Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, CH and CH + CHX, DAP and simvastatin do not have a negative effect on root fracture resistance when used as intracanal medicaments for <1 month.
ABSTRACT
This study for the first time pursues two crucial aims of using Naproxen as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in a better, non-invasive setting and introducing a simple and biocompatible nano-carrier (Mn/CQD/SiO2) which is a magneto carbon quantum dots modified with mesoporous silica probe which can be served as a drug delivery and tracer system. SiO2modification was doneby mesoporous silica which improves biocompatibility and provideslow cytotoxicity. Naproxen was conjugated to the nano-probe to form Mn/CQD/SiO2@naproxen and biodistribution was investigated. Physicochemical characteristics of the Mn/CQD/SiO2@naproxen were investigated using FT-IR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis and BET. Antiproliferation assay using MTT assay was performed on HEK-293 cells to determine the cytotoxity of Mn/CQD/SiO2@naproxen. Relaxivity of Mn/CQD/SiO2 was examined thereafter. To investigate the imaging capability of Mn/CQD/SiO2@naproxen and biodistribution of Naproxen, fluorescent imaging was done. To confirm the data, then the levels of COX Gene expression was determined. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore radius were 44.4 m2/g, 10.23 cm3/g, and 25.9 nm respectively. MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity. Relaxivity of Mn/CQD/SiO2 was higher than conventional Gd-based contrast agent. Fluorescence imaging of Mn/CQD/SiO2@naproxen showed the biodistribution of naproxen. COX Gene expression confirmed the biodistribution data. By increasing the accumulation in liver COX production reduced. All in all, unique features of Mn/CQD/SiO2 including biocompatibility, low toxicity, magnetic and fluorescence properties showed that it can be used in biomedical sciences.