Can the new energy vehicles (NEVs) and power battery industry help China to meet the carbon neutrality goal before 2060?

China is working to boost the manufacture, market share, sales, and use of NEVs to replace fuel vehicles in transportation sector to get carbon reduction target by 2060. In this research, using Simapro life cycle assessment software and Eco-invent database, the market share, carbon footprint, and life cycle analysis of fuel vehicles, NEVs, and batteries were calculated from the last five years to next 25 years, with a focus on the sustainable development. Results indicate globally, China had 293.98 m vehicles and 45.22% worldwide highest market share, followed by Germany with 224.97 m and 42.22% shares. Annually China's NEVs production rate is 50%, and sales account for 35%, while the carbon footprint will account for 5.2 E+07 to 4.89 E+07 kgCO2e by 2021-2035. The power battery production 219.7 GWh reaches 150%-163.4%, whereas carbon footprint values in production and use stage of 1 kWh of LFP 44.0 kgCO2eq, NCM-146.8 kgCO2eq, and NCA-370 kgCO2eq. The single carbon footprint of LFP is smallest at about 5.52 E+09, while NCM is highest at 1.84 E+10. Thus, using NEVs, and LFP batteries will reduce carbon emissions by 56.33%-103.14% and 56.33% or 0.64 Gt to 0.006 Gt by 2060. LCA analysis of NEVs and batteries at manufacturing and using stages quantified the environmental impact ranked from highest to lowest as ADP > AP > GWP > EP > POCP > ODP. ADP(e) and ADP(f) at manufacturing stage account for 14.7%, while other components account for 83.3% during the use stage. Conclusive findings are higher sales and use of NEVs, LFP, and reduction in coal-fired power generation from 70.92% to 50%, and increase in renewable energy sources in electricity generation expectedly will reduce carbon footprint by 31% and environmental impact on acid rain, ozone depletion, and photochemical smog. Finally, to achieve carbon neutrality in China, the NEVs industry must be supported by incentive policies, financial aid, technological improvements, and research and development. This would improve NEV's supply, demand, and environmental impact.

Microdiplanol and microdiplane: a new m-anisaldehyde and a new 24-methylcholestanol derivative from the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp.

Phytochemical investigation of the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp. afforded a new m-anisaldehyde derivative named microdiplanol (1) and a new 24-methylcholestanol derivative named microdiplane (2). Their structures were confirmed by a comprehensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometric data.

A novel HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of biomarkers in polyherbal formulation

Objective:To explore the quantitative estimation of biomarkers gallic acid and berberine in polyherbal formulation Entoban syrup. Methods: High performance thin layer chromatography was performed to evaluate the presence of gallic acid and berberine employing toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid:methanol 12:9:4:0.5 (v/v/v/v) and ethanol: water: formic acid 90:9:1 (v/v/v), as a mobile phase respectively. Results:The Rf values (0.58) for gallic acid and (0.76) for berberine in both sample and reference standard were found comparable under UV light at 273 nm and 366 nm respectively. The high performance thin layer chromatography method developed for quantization was simple, accurate and specific. Conclusions: The present standardization provides specific and accurate tool to develop qualifications for identity, transparency and reproducibility of biomarkers in Entoban syrup.

Urease inhibitory activity of ursane type sulfated saponins from the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago Linn.

Five ursane type sulfated saponins have been isolated from the aerial parts of Zygophyllum fabago Linn. (locally called Chashum). The urease inhibitory effects of these compounds have been investigated for the first time as well as their molecular docking studies have also been carried out to check the structure-activity relationship. The IC50 values of these compounds could not be found due to paucity of the samples. The molecular docking studies were performed only for the most active compound mono sodium salt of 3ß,23-di-O-sulfonyl-23-hydroxyurs-20(21)-en-28-oic acid 28-O-[ß-D-glucopyranosyl] ester (Zygofaboside A; 1).

A new glucuronolactone glycoside phoenixoside B from the seeds of Phoenix dactylifera.

A new glucuronolactone glycoside, phoenixoside B (1), has been isolated from the n-butanol soluble fraction of seeds of Phoenix dactylifera. The structure was characterized as 1-(1'-ethyl-beta-D-glucosyl)-4,5-diethyl-[alpha-D-glucofuranourono-6,3-lactone] on the basis of 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

A new megastigmane glycoside, phoenixoside A, from Phoenix dactylifera.

A new megastigmane glycoside, phoenixoside A (1), has been isolated from the n-butanol--soluble fraction of seeds of Phoenix dactylifera. The structure was characterized as (6S,7Z,9R)-hydroxy-3-oxo-ionol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1" --> 6')-beta-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and CD spectroscopy.

Meliloester, a new melilotic ester from Melilotus alba.

A new melilotic ester, meliloester [2-ethyl-hexyl-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl) propionate], was isolated from the whole plant of Melilotus alba. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, including EI-MS, HR-MS, and UV, IR, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic studies.

A new monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponin from the leaves of Pometia pinnata.

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Pometia pinnata resulted in the isolation of a new triterpenoid saponin (1), together with a known compound, kaemferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2). The structure of 1 was established as 3-O-[alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques, including 1H and 13C NMR spectra, DEPT, and by 2D COSY, HMQC, HMBC and TOCSY experiments.

Two new triterpenoids from Zygophyllum eurypterum.

Two new triterpenoids trivially named as atriplicoide A and B were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of the whole plant of Zygophyllum eurypterum. Based on EI-MS, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, and 2D-NMR (HMQC, HMBC, COSY and NOESY) data, the structures of the new compounds were determined as 30-carboxy-3beta,24-dihydroxy-urs-28,13beta-lactam-N-acetate (1) and 3beta,24-dihydroxyursan-28,13beta-olide (2).

Diversonol and blennolide derivatives from the endophytic fungus Microdiplodia sp.: absolute configuration of diversonol.

Chemical investigation of the fungal strain Microdiplodia sp. isolated from the shrub Lycium intricatum led to the isolation of four new compounds: a hexahydroxanthone (2), a 2,3-dihydrochroman-4-one (3), a 7-oxoxanthone derivative (4), and a 1,4-oxazepan-7-one (5). The relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by intensive NMR investigations, notably NOESY experiments at different temperatures. The absolute configurations of the well-known fungal metabolite diversonol (1) and of other xanthone derivatives (3, 4) were established by means of TDDFT ECD calculations. Most of the metabolites were biologically active, with antibacterial activity against Legionella pneumophila and/or antifungal activity against Microbotryum violaceum.

Two new glycosides from Conyza bonariensis.

Studies on Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. led to the isolation of two new glycosides trivially named as erigeside E and F (1-2), along with two new source compounds; benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 2-phenylethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 are aromatic glycosides, while compound 2 is an alkyl glycoside. Their structures were elucidated through mass spectrometric, and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HMQC, HSQC and HMBC.

Two new carthamosides from Carthamus oxycantha.

Two new glycosides, 2-O-methylglucopyranosyl-carthamoside (1) and beta-D-fructofuranosyl carthamoside (2), along with the known compound 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavanone (3) have been isolated from Carthamus oxyacantha, using recycling preparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were established by mass spectrometric and extensive spectroscopic analysis.

Two new diarylheptanoids from Alnus nitida.

Two new diarylheptanoids, trivially named nitidone A and nitidone B, have been isolated from Alnus nitida. The structure elucidation of the compounds was based primarily on 2D-NMR spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with literature data.