ABSTRACT
Adverse childhood experiences, such as household dysfunction (HD), play a central role in how adolescents establish, experience, and navigate the challenges of relationship formation, maintenance, and dissolution. HD exposures have been independently associated with dating violence (DV) perpetration in both adolescents and adults. However, research examining the association between the concurrent effect of HD on DV perpetration, especially among adolescents remains scarce. Thus, we conducted a scoping review to accumulate and summarize existing research regarding the impact of HD on DV perpetration among adolescents aged 10 to 17 years in the United States. We used three electronic databases, Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO, and EMBASE, to search for studies published in English between 2013 and August 2023. A total of 14 studies were retained for this review after full-text screening. Most of the included studies (64%) were longitudinal. Concerning HD measurement, 71% of studies evaluated witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV), and the remaining 29% assessed family conflict, both using different instruments. Regarding DV measurement, 43% of studies utilized the Safe Dates Abuse measures to assess various forms of DV perpetration. Findings from 3/4 (75%) studies that evaluated family conflict found it to be a significant predictor of DV perpetration. Additionally, 8/10 (80%) studies that assessed exposure to IPV reported significant associations with various forms of DV perpetration among adolescents. None of the included studies measured HD comprehensively; thus, measurement development is imperative. Findings from this review may help initiate the development of a more comprehensive HD measure, promote early intervention, and foster resilience among adolescents.
ABSTRACT
Previous research has revealed a strong link between the experience of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and diabetes in adulthood. Moreover, research has shown that sexual minorities (SM) are exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) (i.e. CSA) and experience depression at higher rates than their heterosexual counterparts. Thus, it is imperative to further investigate the role of depression and the differential associations of exposure to ACEs with diabetes prevalence by sexual orientation. We explored sexual orientation disparities regarding the relationship between CSA and diabetes and examined the moderating role of depression. A total of 29,903 participants from the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were included in this study. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the survey data, and weighted logistic regression and moderation analysis were performed. Heterosexuals who experienced CSA (AOR = 1.25; p < .05) and SM who experienced CSA (AOR = 2.13; p < .05) reported higher odds of having diabetes. Among heterosexuals, depression (AOR = 1.38; p < .001) was significantly associated with having diabetes. Additionally, depression was a significant moderator among heterosexuals with and without CSA. Further understanding of the impact of ACEs on diabetes among specific subgroups of SM should be assessed in future studies.