ABSTRACT
Inbreeding is an increasing problem in farmed mink, because of limited exchange of individuals between farms. In this study, genetic relatedness within seven American mink (Neovison vison) colour strains originating from 13 different mink farms in Denmark was analysed using 21 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We detected large differences in the level of relatedness (range 0.017-0.520) within colour strains. Moreover, a very strong and highly significant negative correlation between the level of relatedness and fecundity was observed (r = 0.536, P < 0.001) [Correction added after online publication on 9 March 2011: r(2) has been changed to r]. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such a correlation has been demonstrated for commercially farmed mink.
Subject(s)
Fertility/genetics , Genetic Variation , Inbreeding , Mink/genetics , Mink/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Breeding/methods , Denmark , Fertility/physiology , Genetic Markers/genetics , Genotype , Hair/physiology , Heterozygote , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Pigmentation/genetics , Pigmentation/physiology , Species Specificity , United StatesABSTRACT
After the Second World War tuberculosis was a very serious health problem in Poland. Tuberculosis in children and youth constituted an important part of the morbidity in the whole population. In 1957 almost 27% of newly detected cases concerned children (19.9%) and adolescents (7%). This percentage decreased systematically through 15.1% in 1965 to 3,0% of total morbidity in 1999 (0.8% in children aged 0-14 and 2.2% in youth aged 15-19 years). Improvement was also observed in the general tuberculosis morbidity rate. The number of new cases diagnosed in 1965 was 57511 (morbidity rate per 100000 population was 182.6) and in 1990 the number of new cases diagnosed was 16136 (morbidity rate 42.3 per 100000 population). In 1999 - 12179 new cases in the whole population were registered (morbidity rate 31.5 per 100000 population). The decrease of morbidity in children and adolescents was more rapid than in adults (mean value 8.9%). The number of new tuberculosis cases diagnosed in 1965 in the age group 0-14 was 4248, (43.5 per 100000 population) and fell to 108 new cases in 1999 (1.4 per 100000 population). In the 15-19 years age group in 1965 - 3621 new cases were diagnosed (125.2 per 100000 population) and in 1999 - 265 new cases (8 per 100000 population) were detected. The most common form of tuberculosis in children and in youth as well as in adults is pulmonary tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Poland/epidemiology , Prevalence , Tuberculosis/classification , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Position, shape and cytoarchitecture of the supraoptic nucleus were observed in 30 guinea pigs of both sexes, in serial frontal sections of the hypothalamus stained selectively for neurosecretion content, with regard to the sex of the animals examined and hypothalamus sides. Three morphological units of the nucleus were distinguished (parts: oral, principal and caudal) and four subunits (zones: hypothalamic, optic, basal and central) as a starting point to work out a model of its cytomorphological heterogeneity. A detailed cytomorphological analysis was done within the distinguished morphological units and subunits of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) in 12 guinea pigs of both sexes. Using a light microscope equipped with a micrometric ocular, neurocyte morphology was evaluated on the basis of nine distinctive parameters. The results of the observation were formulated statistically. Cytomorphological comparisons were done between respective SON units and subunits, depending on the side of sections in males. The results referring to the principal part of the right SON in males and females were compared. Heterogeneity of the SON-forming-cellular populations was found.
Subject(s)
Neurosecretory Systems/cytology , Supraoptic Nucleus/cytology , Animals , Cell Nucleus , Cytoplasm , Female , Guinea Pigs , Male , Reference Values , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Position, shape and cytoarchitecture of the paraventricular nucleus were observed in 30 guinea pigs of both sexes, in serial frontal sections of the hypothalamus stained selectively for neurosecretion content, considering the sex of the animals examined and hypothalamus sides. Three morphological units of the nucleus were distinguished (parts: oral, principal and caudal) and four subunits (zones: medial, lateral, ventral and dorsal) as the basis for cytomorphological analysis. Morphology of PVN neurocytes was evaluated in 12 guinea pigs with regard to nine selected parameters. The results were formulated statistically. Cytomorphological comparisons were done between respective PVN units and subunits, depending on the side of sections in males. The results referring to the principal part of the right PVN in males and females were compared. Heterogeneity of the PVN-forming-cellular populations was revealed. Cytomorphological differences were noted between PVN and SON.
Subject(s)
Neurosecretory Systems/cytology , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/cytology , Animals , Female , Guinea Pigs , Male , Reference Values , Sex CharacteristicsABSTRACT
Headache with paroxysmal vertigo were induced by cough in a case of the Arnold-Chiari type I malformation. The authors suggest that exertional headache and posterior cranial fossa symptoms of unclear aetiology may indicate presence of the syndrome, and the availability of magnetic resonance imaging made possible the detection of the malformation.
Subject(s)
Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnosis , Headache/etiology , Vertigo/etiology , Adult , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain/physiopathology , Brain Diseases/complications , Brain Diseases/diagnosis , Brain Diseases/physiopathology , Cough , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , RadiographyABSTRACT
The authors describe two cases of Shy-Drager Syndrome in the aspect of diagnostic difficulties. The simple tests for evaluation of automatic system function, especially orthostatic test are stressed.
Subject(s)
Hypotension, Orthostatic/diagnosis , Shy-Drager Syndrome/diagnosis , Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
In the spinal ganglia of guinea pigs exposed to general vibration of 40 Hz frequency and 1 mm amplitude for 3 hrs daily, gradually increasing morphological lesions were found after 7, 14, 30 and 90 days of the experiment. The animals exposed to vibration for up to 30 days exhibited a decrease in the cell nuclei volume, increase in the occurrence of eccentric and marginal cell nuclei and nucleoli, as well as an increase in the number of multiple nucleoli. After 90 days' exposure, such severe lesions as tigrolise, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm, granular disintegration of the myelin sheaths or proliferation of glial cells were found.
Subject(s)
Ganglia, Spinal/pathology , Neurons/pathology , Vibration/adverse effects , Animals , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Cytoplasm/ultrastructure , Guinea Pigs , Male , Nerve Degeneration , Neurons/ultrastructure , Time FactorsABSTRACT
After 7 or 30 days of exposure to general vibration (frequency: 40 Hz, amplitude: 1 mm) for 3 hours per day, the prosencephalon of guinea pigs exhibited a wide range of morphological changes, including congestion, haemorrhages, the presence of the heterochromic neurons and perivascular spaces as well as diffuse spongiosis. In contrast, after 14 days' exposure to general vibration of the same parameters, diffuse spongiosis of the prosencephalon was found in all the animals under examination. Hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and periventricular gray matter were unaffected by spongiosis in most of the animals. The nerve fibre sheats were unchanged in all cases.
Subject(s)
Hypothalamus/pathology , Telencephalon/pathology , Vibration/adverse effects , Animals , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Edema/pathology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/pathology , Guinea Pigs , MaleSubject(s)
Lung/abnormalities , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Child , Cysts/pathology , Diagnostic Errors , Humans , Lung/pathology , Male , Pneumonia/diagnosisSubject(s)
Ethambutol/administration & dosage , Isoniazid/administration & dosage , Rifampin/administration & dosage , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Adolescent , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiologyABSTRACT
Some disorders of the brain stem and spinal cord microcirculation were observed in male adult guinea pigs exposed to vertical vibration of frequency 40 Hz and amplitude 1 mm for 3 hours daily during 7, 14, 30 days. These changes after 7 days of vibration were seen as congestion with single small haemorrhages and after 14 days as diffuse spongiosis of the brain stem and spinal cord. After 30 days both congestion with haemorrhages and spongiosis were noted but the first predominated.
