[PREGNANCY DUE TO RAPE DURING CAPTIVITY].

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy due to rape during captivity in female hostages is a complex, devastating and extremely challenging issue for victims, families and medical staff and may raise difficult ethical and clinical issues. Literature on the subject is scarce. Females who became pregnant as a result of rape in captivity in recent history, especially Yazidi women in ISIS captivity, suffered from a wide range of mental disorders including; post-traumatic stress disorder in high prevalence, anxiety, depression, severe dissociative disorder, somatoform disorder and sexual functioning disorders. Higher levels of education and the absence of prior mental disorders predicted better post-traumatic growth. It is crucial to prepare the medical staff to all possible scenarios including a potential refusal of the victim to opt for abortion due to emotional or religious reasons. It is extremely important to respect the victim's wishes and autonomy while avoiding paternalism or prejudice but at the same time offering consultation when confusion arises.

The Clinical Sequelae of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Loneliness, Depression, Excessive Alcohol Use, Social Media Addiction, and Risk for Suicide Ideation.

BACKGROUND: Depression, loneliness, and alcohol use disorder are associated with suicide ideation. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our social structures with social distancing and isolation policies implemented worldwide, severely restricting social interactions. Studies regarding the effects of the pandemic are starting to shed light on the harmful psychological effects of these policies. AIMS: This study aims to identify whether the increase in suicidal ideation among college students (mostly young adults) during the pandemic was due to the known risk factors of loneliness, depression, alcohol use disorder, social media addiction, and other background variables. METHOD: Nine hundred and eleven college students completed self-report questionnaires assessing suicidal risk, depressive symptoms, loneliness, excessive alcohol use, and social media use. RESULTS: During the pandemic suicidal ideation was associated with loneliness (χ2 = 54.65, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (χ2 = 110.82, p < 0.001), alcohol use disorder (χ2 = 10.02, P < 0.01) and social media addiction (χ2 = 13.73, P < 0.001). Being single [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01], and self-identifying as a non-heterosexual [OR = 2.55; p < 0.01] were found to constitute additional risk factors. LIMITATIONS: The structural nature of quantitative self-report scales does not offer the flexibility of gaining a deeper understanding of causes, specific to particular circumstances that may lead participants to ideate on suicide, even briefly. CONCLUSIONS: Social distancing and isolation policies during the COVID-19 pandemic constitute an additional factor in the risk for suicide ideation.

[SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR IN PRE-ADOLESCENT CHILDREN].

INTRODUCTION: Suicidal behavior among pre-adolescent children is a rare phenomenon so it is rarely studied compared to suicide at older ages. In recent years we have witnessed a disturbing increase in suicide rates among pre-adolescent children, an increase that requires our attention to the phenomenon through clinical observance, prevention and research. Most pre-adolescent children report suicidal thoughts rather than actual suicide attempts. The prevalence of suicide attempts increases after the onset of puberty. Early identification of pre-adolescent children who face suicidal risk will greatly contribute to early intervention and prevention of suicide in later years. In this article, we will review the clinical symptoms of suicidal behavior in pre-adolescent children, the epidemiology of the phenomenon, developmental issues, risk and protective factors, risk assessment, intervention, treatment and prevention.