ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the volume and visually assess 3-dimensional (3D) virtual models of pulp cavities obtained through semiautomatic segmentation on images from 6 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) units compared with the reference standard of micro-CT. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen mandibular premolar teeth were scanned with 6 CBCT units: Prexion 3D Elite, i-CAT Next Generation, NewTom 5G, Cranex 3D, 3Shape X1, and Orthophos SL 3D, using the smallest available field of view and highest resolution settings. Pulp cavity volumes were quantitatively assessed by 2 calibrated examiners. The volumes from each CBCT unit were compared with micro-CT. Qualitative assessment of the 3D reconstructions was also performed. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Friedman test compared the CBCT reconstructions to micro-CT. Intra- and interexaminer agreements were calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient and kappa statistic. RESULTS: The CBCT-based volumes were all significantly larger than micro-CT (P ≤ .0061). Prexion, X1, and Orthophos provided the segmentations that most closely resembled the reference standard. Intra- and interexaminer agreements ranged from good to excellent for quantitative measurements. Interexaminer agreement for qualitative evaluation was substantial. CONCLUSIONS: Semiautomatic segmentation of CBCT images is a feasible method to produce virtual 3D models of the pulp cavity. Prexion, X1, and Orthophos were the CBCT units that resulted in 3D reconstructions most similar to the reference standard.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity , Plastic Surgery Procedures , X-Ray Microtomography , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , BicuspidABSTRACT
Lingual lateral canal is a rare variation in the trajectory of the mandibular canal, and is usually detected as an incidental finding on radiographic exams, especially on cone-beam computed tomography. Due to its radiographic characteristics, this anatomical variation might be confused with a mandible fracture. Therefore, the knowledge of its presence is essential not only to differentiate it from a fracture, but also for the success of surgical procedures performed in the mandible, making it easier to avoid clinical complications such as swelling, bruising, bleeding, and neurovascular disorders. This report shows the case of a lingual lateral canal mimicking a fracture on the mandibular body.
Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Differential , Mandibular Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Tongue/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Anatomic Variation , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Radiomorphometric indices (RI) vary according to gender and age. The objective of this study was to assess bone quality in men and women, using tomographic images Methods: A total of 78 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of female and male patients were analyzed. The images were obtained from LAPI-FOUSP database, São Paulo, Brazil, and the Mental Index, which is a quantitative index, was evaluated on those images. The images were divided into 2 groups: Group M - Men and Group W - Women and evaluated by one examiner in two different times (T1 and T2). The data was submitted to a statistical analysis with a 95% level of significance (p <0.05) Results: The ICC tests showed an average to good intra-examiner agreement. The age averages were: 48.46 ± 15.3 for group W and 53.87 ± 13.09 for group M. On the MI evaluation, statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups Conclusion: We concluded that MI can be used to determine sexual dimorphism, once the thickness of the mandible cortex in women is smaller than the thickness found in men.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o dimorfismo sexual, por meio da aplicação de IR em imagens tomográficas. Métodos: Foram analisados 78 exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), de pacientes do sexo feminino e masculino. As imagens foram obtidas do banco de dados do LAPI-FOUSP, São Paulo, Brasil, e por meio delas o Índice Mentual, que é um IR quantitativo, foi avaliado. As imagens foram divididas em 2 grupos: Grupo M - Homens e Grupo W - Mulheres e avaliadas por um examinador em dois tempos diferentes (T1 e T2). Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística com nível de significância de 95% (p<0,05). Resultados: O teste ICC mostrou uma concordância intra-examinador média a boa. As médias de idade foram: 48,46±15,3 para o grupo M e 53,87±13,09 para o grupo H. Na avaliação do IM, foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os dois grupos. Conclusão: Concluímos que o Índice Mentual pode ser utilizado para determinar o dimorfismo sexual, uma vez que a espessura da cortical da mandíbula nas mulheres é menor que a espessura encontrada nos homens.
ABSTRACT
O diagnóstico por imagem é um exame complementar importante para o diagnóstico e acompanhamento da doença periodontal e peri-implantar e atualmente a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) substitui o uso das tomografias convencionais odontológicas e da tomografia computadorizada médica. No entanto, artefatos ocorrem principalmente, próximos de estruturas de alta densidade como o metal, sendo que essa alteração pode interferir na interpretação das imagens e no diagnóstico. Sendo assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura relacionada ao efeito do artefato de "beam hardening" na capacidade de identificação das alterações periodontais e peri-implantares. Conclui-se que a TCFC promove uma avaliação tridimensional de doença periodontal e da peri-implantite, mas na presença de artefatos metálicos pode haver uma limitação da qualidade da imagem do nível ósseo ao redor dos dentes e implantes.(AU)
Diagnostic imaging is an important complementary method for the diagnosis and follow up of periodontal disease and peri-implant and nowadays cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) replaces the use of conventional dental CT scans and medical CT scan. However, artifacts occur mainly near high-density structures such as metal, and this change may interfere interpretation of the images and diagnosis. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a literature review on the effect of "beam hardening" artifact in identifying capacity of periodontal and peri-implant changes. We conclude that CBCT promote three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal disease and peri-implantitis, but presence of metal artifacts could be a limitation of the image quality of bone level around the teeth and implants.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Artifacts , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/standards , Periodontal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Periodontium/diagnostic imaging , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/instrumentation , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze bone density in images of the anterior and posterior regions of the mandible and maxilla obtained with ConeBeam Computed Tomography. Planning of surgeries for implant placement requires information about bone density, which is directly related to stability. Methods This retrospective study included female (25) and male (25) patients (50) with ages in the range 30-40/45 years. Images of their exams (200 transaxial slices; 2-mm thick) were analyzed in the anterior (50) and posterior (50) regions of the mandible and anterior (50) and posterior (50) regions of the maxilla using the bone density tool of the Xoran (i-CAT®) software. Our data were compared and correlated with computed tomography data obtained in the literature. Results Mean gray values were utilized to determine the density values for the anterior mandible (562.2, 3.3) and maxilla (531.3, 2.8) and the posterior mandible (503.8, 3.0) and maxilla (394.5, 2.9). The results were statistically analyzed for correlation between our findings and those of the literature. The t test was utilized to obtain additional information related to gender; and the Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to assess the differences between observers 1 and 2. Conclusions Statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between densities in the anterior and posterior regions were not found, and our values were consistent with those in the literature obtained with Computed Tomography.
Objetivo Analisar a densidade óssea nas regiões anterior e posterior dos maxilares em imagens obtidas por meio de Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico. O planejamento de cirurgias requer informações sobre a densidade óssea da região escolhida para instalação de implantes. Métodos Este estudo retrospectivo incluiu 50 pacientes, sendo 25 do gênero feminino e 25 masculino com idades na faixa 30-40/45 anos. As imagens de seus exames (200 cortes transaxiais com espessura de 2 mm) foram analisadas nas regiões anterior (50) e posterior (50) da mandíbula e anterior (50) e posterior (50) da maxila usando a ferramenta de densidade óssea do software Xoran (tomógrafo i-CAT®). Os nossos dados foram comparados e correlacionados com aqueles de tomografia computadorizada obtidos na literatura. Resultados Valores médios de cinza foram usados para determinar os valores de densidade para mandíbula (562,2; 3,3) e maxila (531,3; 2,8) anteriores, e mandíbula (503,8; 3,0) e maxila (394,5; 2,9) posteriores. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística para comparação entre os achados deste estudo e aqueles da literatura. O teste t foi usado para obter informações adicionais relacionadas aos gêneros; e a análise de correlação de Pearson foi usada para avaliar a diferença entre os observadores 1 e 2. Conclusões Diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p< 0,05) entre as densidades nas regiões anterior e posterior não foram encontradas, e os valores que nós obtivemos com Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico foram compatíveis com aqueles da literatura com Tomografia Computadorizada.
ABSTRACT
O sucesso no tratamento endodôntico pode ser influenciado pela falta de conhecimento anatômico do sistema de canais radiculares. Esse conhecimento da morfologia ainda é mais complicado em dentes posteriores devido a sua complexa variação anatômica. Devido as dificuldades apresentadas nas avaliações do número de raízes e canais por métodos radiográficos convencionais, a Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico (TCFC) se mostra de grande importância na avaliação morfológica de canais radiculares, assim como em estudos de acordo com etnias diferentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma revisão de literatura a respeito do uso da TCFC na avaliação de raízes e canais dos molares e pré-molares. A revisão foi realizada descrevendo a importância do uso da TCFC e relatando trabalhos a respeito do conhecimento de morfologia de canais. Conclui-se que a Tomografia Computadorizada de feixe cônico é uma importante ferramenta na avaliação de raízes e canais; e que a população brasileira difere de outras populações do mundo em relação a morfologia de canais radiculares...
Success in endodontic treatment can be influenced by the lack of anatomical knowledge of the root canal system. This knowledge of the morphology is further complicated in posterior teeth because of its complex anatomical variation. Because the difficulties presented in the evaluations of the root canals by conventional radiographic methods, Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) shown of great importance in the morphology of root canals. The objective was to make a review of literature regarding the use of CBCT in the evaluation of roots and canals of molars and premolars. The review was carried out describing the importance of using CBCT and reporting studies about the knowledge of root canals morphology. We conclude that cone beam computed tomography is an important tool in the evaluation of roots and canals; and that the Brazilian population differs from other world populations compared the morphology of root canals...
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp Cavity , Molar , Tooth Root , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Brazil , Dental Pulp Cavity/anatomy & histology , Reproducibility of Results , Tooth Root/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium essential oils (EOs) compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on multispecies biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The biofilms were grown in acrylic disks immersed in broth, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C / 48 h. After the biofilms were formed, they were exposed for 5 minutes to the solutions (n = 10): C. aurantium EO, C. limonum EO, 0.2% CHX, 1% NaOCl or sterile saline solution [0.9% sodium chloride NaCl)]. Next, the discs were placed in sterile 0.9% NaCl and sonicated to disperse the biofilms. Tenfold serial dilutions were performed and the aliquots were seeded onto selective agar and incubated at 37°C / 48 h. , the number of colony-forming units per milliliter was counted and analyzed statistically (Tukey test, p ≤ 0.05). C. aurantium EO and NaOCl inhibited the growth of all microorganisms in multi-species biofilms. C. limonum EO promoted a 100% reduction of C. albicans and E. coli, 49.3% of E. faecalis. CHX was less effective against C. albicans and E. coli, yielding a reduction of 68.8% and 86.7%, respectively. However, the reduction of E. faecalis using CHX (81.7%) was greater than that obtained using C. limonum EO. Both Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium EOs are effective in controlling multi-species biofilms; the microbial reductions achieved by EOs were not only similar to those of NaOCl, but even higher than those achieved by CHX, in some cases.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Biofilms/drug effects , Candida albicans/drug effects , Citrus/chemistry , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Biofilms/growth & development , Candida albicans/growth & development , Colony Count, Microbial , Enterococcus faecalis/growth & development , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Reproducibility of Results , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Surface Properties/drug effects , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium essential oils (EOs) compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on multi-species biofilms formed by Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. The biofilms were grown in acrylic disks immersed in broth, inoculated with microbial suspension (106 cells/mL) and incubated at 37°C / 48 h. After the biofilms were formed, they were exposed for 5 minutes to the solutions (n = 10): C. aurantium EO, C. limonum EO, 0.2% CHX, 1% NaOCl or sterile saline solution [0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl)]. Next, the discs were placed in sterile 0.9% NaCl and sonicated to disperse the biofilms. Tenfold serial dilutions were performed and the aliquots were seeded onto selective agar and incubated at 37°C / 48 h. Next, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter was counted and analyzed statistically (Tukey test, p ≤ 0.05). C. aurantium EO and NaOCl inhibited the growth of all microorganisms in multi-species biofilms. C. limonum EO promoted a 100% reduction of C. albicans and E. coli, and 49.3% of E. faecalis. CHX was less effective against C. albicans and E. coli, yielding a reduction of 68.8% and 86.7%, respectively. However, the reduction of E. faecalis using CHX (81.7%) was greater than that obtained using C. limonum EO. Both Citrus limonum and Citrus aurantium EOs are effective in controlling multi-species biofilms; the microbial reductions achieved by EOs were not only similar to those of NaOCl, but even higher than those achieved by CHX, in some cases.