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1.
Obes Surg ; 22(2): 253-8, 2012 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21633823

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) modifies the anatomical structure of the upper intestine tract, reduces gastric acid secretion, and may impair LT4 absorption. The aim of this study was to evaluate the LT4 absorption in morbidly obese patients before and after RYGB. METHODS: Thirty morbidly obese patients were divided in two groups: The NS group included 15 patients before RYGB surgery (BMI = 43.1 ± 4 kg/m(2)), and the S group included 15 patients after surgery (BMI = 37.3 ± 4 kg/m(2)). Two baseline samples were collected, and 600 µg of oral LT4 tablets were administered. Blood samples were collected at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 1440 min. Serum-free T4 (FT4), total T4 (TT4), and TSH were measured at each time point. The increase in TT4, FT4, and TSH (ΔTT4, ΔFT4, and ΔTSH) was calculated, subtracting from the baseline mean value. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics parameters regarding LT4 absorption, maximum ΔTT4, and area under the curve(AUC) of both ΔTT4 and ΔFT4 were significantly higher in the S group compared with the NS group (p < 0.05). It was observed, however, that there was a significant delay in the absorption of LT4 in the S group. Basal serum TSH and leptin levels were higher in the NS group (p = 0.016 and 0.026, respectively), whereas basal serum TT4, FT4, ΔTSH, and the AUC of ΔTSH were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we have demonstrated that Roux-en-Y bypass surgery does not diminish LT4 absorption. A small but significant delayed absorption of LT4, however, was observed in patients after surgery.


Subject(s)
Gastric Bypass , Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Obesity, Morbid/metabolism , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Thyroxine/pharmacokinetics , Adolescent , Adult , Cohort Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hypothyroidism/complications , Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity, Morbid/drug therapy , Obesity, Morbid/etiology , Postoperative Care , Preoperative Care , Prospective Studies , Thyroxine/metabolism , Weight Loss , Young Adult
2.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 47(1): 1-12, Jan.-Mar. 2011. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-586520

ABSTRACT

Low patient compliance with pharmacotherapy remains one of the greatest challenges for success of treatments, especially in chronic diseases, since it can negatively influence treatment effectiveness and patient quality of life, increase health expenses and decrease productivity of the patient. Compliance is an important but complex issue in clinical practice. Its complexity begins with the difficulty in adopting terminology that can express its exact meaning. Moreover, many methods to evaluate compliance have been established but no consensus exists on which method should be considered the gold standard. Additionally, socioeconomic, disease and therapy-related factors, healthcare team and system related-factors and patient-related factors can simultaneously influence compliance levels. In this highly complex scenario, pharmacist interventions have been identified as an effective strategy to enhance patient compliance with treatment. The objectives of this paper were: (1) to provide useful information for pharmacists about issues related to compliance such as terminology and definitions; methods for measuring compliance and persistence; influencing factors and the impact of low compliance; and (2) to offer insight into how these healthcare professionals can effectively contribute toward improved compliance levels.


A baixa adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento medicamentoso de doenças crônicas continua sendo um dos maiores desafios da medicina, por comprometer a efetividade do tratamento, repercutindo na qualidade de vida, aumentando os gastos com saúde e diminuindo a produtividade do indivíduo doente. O tema adesão é tão relevante para a prática clínica quanto complexo, a começar pelas tentativas de adoção de uma terminologia que expresse com exatidão o seu significado. Além disso, vários métodos para sua determinação foram estabelecidos sem, contudo, se chegar a um consenso sobre qual seria o "ótimo". Adicionalmente, as condições socioeconômicas, as características da doença, os tratamentos empregados, o sistema de saúde e seus profissionais ou o próprio paciente são alguns dos distintos fatores que influenciam, simultaneamente, o nível de adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Neste cenário de alta complexidade, intervenções realizadas pelo profissional farmacêutico têm sido apontadas como estratégias efetivas para o aumento dos níveis de adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Os objetivos deste artigo são: (1) fornecer aos farmacêuticos algumas informacões úteis relacionadas ao assunto adesão tais como: terminologia e definições, métodos para medir adesão e persistência, fatores influenciadores e impacto da baixa adesão; (2) fornecer algumas idéias a respeito de como estes profissionais de saúde podem efetivamente contribuir para a melhora dos níveis de adesão.


Subject(s)
Medication Adherence , Pharmaceutical Services , Chronic Disease , Metabolic Diseases/prevention & control , Pharmaceutical Services
3.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 63(5): 573-80, 2008 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18925314

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the compliance with drug treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine association between access to and use of medicines, as well as the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and compliance. INTRODUCTION: Low compliance has been one of the greatest challenges for the successful treatment of chronic diseases. Although this issue has been widely studied in patients with isolated hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, compliance studies involving patients with these concomitant diseases or with metabolic syndrome diagnosis are scarce. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria. Patients were being treated in a Health-Medical School Center bound to the Public Brazilian Healthcare System. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was characterized by analyzing medical records and Phase II involved interviewing the patients. A variation of the Morisky-Green Test was used to evaluate compliance. Compliance was the dependent variable and the independent variables included access to medicines, the use of medicines and the level of knowledge concerning cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-three patients were identified as being eligible for Phase II, and 75 were included in the study. The average level of compliance was 5.44 points (standard deviation of 0.68), on a scale ranging from 1.00 to 6.00 points. There was no statistically meaningful association between independent variables and compliance. The level of patient knowledge of diet and dyslipidemia was considered to be low. CONCLUSIONS: Patients involved in this study exhibited a high level of compliance with drug treatment. Further research is needed to better elucidate the compliance behavior of patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/economics , Antihypertensive Agents/supply & distribution , Body Mass Index , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , Hypoglycemic Agents/supply & distribution , Income , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/economics , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference
4.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.);44(1): 25-33, jan.-mar. 2008. graf, tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484365

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de comparar custos de tratamento para artrite reumatóide com medicamentos modificadores do curso da doença (DMARDs) por um período de 48 meses, foram estudadas cinco diferentes etapas de tratamento fundamentadas em protocolos clínicos recomendados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia com cinco ciclos de tratamento. Foi aplicado modelo analítico de decisão baseado na Análise de Markov, considerando as probabilidades do permanecer em algumas destas etapas ou transitar entre elas de acordo com a resposta à terapia. Foram usados os custos diretos com medicamentos, matérias médico-hospitalares para sua administração e exames laboratoriais necessários para o monitoramento do paciente. O modelo revelou que o ciclo que representa o uso do metotrexato em monoterapia foi o mais custo/efetivo (R$ 113.900,00 por paciente em 48 meses), seguido pelo paciente refratário (R$ 1.554.483,43), aquele que utiliza a tripla terapia e depois o biológico (R$ 1.701.286,76), o paciente intolerante ao metotrexato (R$ 2.629.919,14), e por fim o resultado daquele que iniciaria o tratamento já com o infliximabe mais metotrexato (R$ 9.292.879,31). A análise de sensibilidade demonstrou que os resultados encontrados são robustos, mesmo com a variação da eficácia do metrotrexate e do infliximabe.


With the aim to compare the cost of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis therapy with desease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) for a 48-month period, were studied five different treatment stage based on clinical protocols recommended by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology, and then five therapy cycles. The analytical model based on the Markov Analysis, considered chaces for the patient continue in some stages or change between them according with a positive effect on outcomes. Only direct costs were comprised in the analyzed data, like drugs, materials and tests used for monitoring these patients. The results of the model show that the stage in with metotrexato drug is used like monotherapy was cost-effective (R$ 113,900.00 for patient during 48 months), followed by refractory patient (R$ 1,554,483.43), those that use therapy triplicate followed by infleximabe drug (R$ 1,701,286.76), the metotrexato intolerant patient (R$ 2,629,919.14), and final the result from that use metotrexato and infliximabe in the beginning (R$ 9,292,879.31). The sensitivity analysis confirm this results, when alternate the efficacy of metotrexato and infliximabe.


Subject(s)
Arthritis, Rheumatoid , Health Care Costs , Efficacy , Rheumatology
5.
Clinics ; Clinics;63(5): 573-580, 2008. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-495029

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: 1) To evaluate the compliance with drug treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome. 2) To determine association between access to and use of medicines, as well as the level of knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and compliance. INTRODUCTION: Low compliance has been one of the greatest challenges for the successful treatment of chronic diseases. Although this issue has been widely studied in patients with isolated hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, compliance studies involving patients with these concomitant diseases or with metabolic syndrome diagnosis are scarce. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to the IDF criteria. Patients were being treated in a Health-Medical School Center bound to the Public Brazilian Healthcare System. This study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was characterized by analyzing medical records and Phase II involved interviewing the patients. A variation of the Morisky-Green Test was used to evaluate compliance. Compliance was the dependent variable and the independent variables included access to medicines, the use of medicines and the level of knowledge concerning cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-three patients were identified as being eligible for Phase II, and 75 were included in the study. The average level of compliance was 5.44 points (standard deviation of 0.68), on a scale ranging from 1.00 to 6.00 points. There was no statistically meaningful association between independent variables and compliance. The level of patient knowledge of diet and dyslipidemia was considered to be low. CONCLUSIONS: Patients involved in this study exhibited a high level of compliance with drug treatment. Further research is needed to better elucidate the compliance behavior of patients who have been diagnosed with metabolic syndrome.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Medication Adherence/statistics & numerical data , Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy , Antihypertensive Agents/economics , Antihypertensive Agents/supply & distribution , Body Mass Index , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/economics , Hypoglycemic Agents/supply & distribution , Income , Metabolic Syndrome/economics , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference
6.
RBM rev. bras. med ; RBM rev. bras. med;60(1/2): 72-76, jan.-fev. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-357761

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou a biodisponibilidade comparativa de dois produtos de ciclosporina do mercado brasileiro com forma e formulação farmacêuticas diferentes. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas durante 24h após a administração de uma única dose de 200mg de cada produto. O desenho do estudo foi controlado, randomizado e cruzado com dois períodos e dois tratamentos. Foram estudados 24 voluntários, em função da variabilidade intra- e interindivídual da formulação SMEDDS (Self Micro Emulsifying Drug Delívery System) de referência. Os dados obtidos das determinações por HPLC da ciclosporina demonstram que Gengraf 11 (ciclosporina em formulção não-SMEDDS, Laboratórios Abbott, EUA), também denominada Ciclosporína Genérica Abbott unicamente no Brasil, não foi bioequívalente ao Sandimmun Neoral (ciclosporina em formulação SMEDDS, Novartis, Suíça) apresentando uma estatística significativamente menor taxa de absorção. Particularmente, os intervalos de confiança de 95(por cento) calculados para as razões entre os valores médios do teste e referência não se mantiveram dentro dos intervalos aceitos de 0, 80-1,25 para as AUC e 0,70-1,43 para o C. O resultado deste estudo não sustenta a intercambiabilidade livre dos dois produtos estudados em receptores de transplantes crônicos e estabilizados, precisando de protocolos clínicos e laboratoriais de conversão validados.


Subject(s)
Biological Availability , Cyclosporine , Therapeutic Equivalency
7.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.);37(3): 215-224, set.-dez. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314047

ABSTRACT

O artigo expõe definições e conceitos utilizados na área de farmacovigilância, métodos de pesquisa para a identificação de reações adversas a medicamentos, notificação e organização de sistemas de farmacovigilância. De modo geral, as ações de farmacovigilância assumem dois aspectos diversos conforme o objetivo a ser atingido: (i) ações dos profissionais de saúde, que mantêm contato direto com o paciente e (ii) organização de sistemas de coleta, análise, processamento de informaçao e disseminação dos resultados, que incluem os sistemas nacionais de farmacovigilância e o Centro Colaborativo de Monitorização Internacional de Medicamentos da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para se estabelecer a verdadeira...


Subject(s)
Animals , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drug Tolerance , Medication Systems , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Investigational New Drug Application/methods , Drug Monitoring , Clinical Chemistry Tests/methods
8.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.);37(3): 225-237, set.-dez. 2001. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314048

ABSTRACT

Farmacoeconomia é a aplicação da economia ao estudo dos medicamentos, visando à otimização do uso de recursos financeiros sem que ocorra prejuizo na qualidade do tratamento. Seu estudo pode envolver aspectos "macro", aplicando técnicas de epidemiologia, bem como estudo de grupo de especialistas, em que são tomadas decisões por consenso, após avaliação de risco/benefício/custo de equivalentes terapêuticos. Na área "micro" da farmacoeconomia, a atenção visa apenas a um ou poucos medicamentos, focalizando uma doença ou um sintoma, e utiliza técnicas e termos derivados da economia, como avaliação custo-benefício, custo-efetividade, custo-utilidade e minimização de custos com o uso de medicamentos...


Subject(s)
Drug Evaluation/economics , Health Education/economics , Pharmacology , Quality of Homeopathic Remedies , Cost-Benefit Analysis/economics , Cost-Benefit Analysis/methods , Drug Utilization
9.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.);37(1): 27-38, jan.-abr. 2001. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-314066

ABSTRACT

Pacientes com hepatite C crônica foram monitorados quanto às reaçoes adversas da interferona alfa (tratamento completo de um ano), por meio de entrevistas pós-consulta médica feitas por faramcêutico e apoiadas em aplicação de questionário dirigido e relato espontâneo. Foram observados e analisados o aparecimento, persistência, progressão ou regressão dos efeitos adversos durante e após o tratamento. Os sinais e sintomas mais freqüentes foram: desânimo, irritabilidade, cansaço, dores no corpo (todos os pacientes), cefaléia (96 porcento), boca seca (96 porcento), alterações do sono (91 porcento), queda de cabelos (87 porcento),boca seca (83 porcento) e visão turva (74 porcento). Após o tratamento...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Chronic Disease/therapy , Drug Monitoring , Hepatitis C, Chronic/therapy , Interferon-alpha , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/standards , Biological Assay , Clinical Trials as Topic , Interviews as Topic , Referral and Consultation
10.
São Roque; IPEX; 2 ed; 1999. 311 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-276128
11.
São Roque; IPEX; 1997. 195 p. graf.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-239154

ABSTRACT

Discute aspectos que permitem aos profissionais da saúde, dentro dos princípios éticos, obterem a confiança do paciente e a correta observância do tratamento. Enfatiza fatores que influenciam a confiança, seguindo a sequência de atendimento do consultório, quando o médico faz a prescrição e as recomendações sobre modo de administração, tempo de utilização do medicamento e medidas complementares de tratamento (CAC)


Subject(s)
Patient Compliance , Physician-Patient Relations , Drug Prescriptions
13.
São Paulo; Atheneu; 1995. 787 p.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-CVS-ACERVO | ID: biblio-1073153
14.
Sao Paulo; Atheneu; 5 ed; 1994. 739 p. ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-135311

Subject(s)
Pharmacology
15.
In. Zanini, Antonio Carlos; Oga, Seizi. Farmacologia Aplicada. Sao Paulo, Atheneu, 5 ed; 1994. p.1-10.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-135312

Subject(s)
Pharmacology
16.
J. bras. med ; 64(4): 71, 78, 80-1, abr. 1993.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-188217

ABSTRACT

A preocupaçäo crescente sobre o uso de medicamentos tem estimulado novos interesses no modo pelo qual os médicos prescrevem os mesmos. A falha comum observada entre os pacientes em seguir as instruçöes médicas cria um problema para os terapeutas, que precisam saber se o paciente está ou näo seguindo suas recomendaçöes. Assim, a falta de adesäo do paciente à prescriçäo constitui-se importante e fascinante problema na Medicina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Patient Compliance , Physician-Patient Relations , Drug Prescriptions
17.
Semina ; 12(2): 75-8, jun. 1991.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147436

ABSTRACT

O frequente malogro dos pacientes em seguir as instruçöes médicas cria um problema para os médicos que necessitam conhecer se os seus pacientes estäo ou näo seguindo seus conselhos. A falta de adesäo pelo paciente, relacionada ao seu regime terapêutico constitui-se em importante e fascinante problema médico. Relatos indicam que os pacientes näo seguem fielmente as instruçöes médicas e que os médicos näo säo hábeis em determinar os níveis de cooperaçäo de seus pacientes. A adesäo à medicaçäo pode ser definida em termos do ajuste entre a presciçäo e a conduta de quem vai tomar os medicamentos. A necessidade por mais e melhores pesquisas é muito importante, agora que reconhecemos as consequências de näo adesäo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Patient Compliance , Drug Prescriptions
18.
Semina ; 12(2): 79-83, jun. 1991. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-147437

ABSTRACT

Em muitos países onde um serviço nacional de saúde ou uma instituiçäo comparável está estabelecida, dados precisos de utilizaçäo de medicamentos näo estäo geralmente disponíveis e frequentemente existe dificuldades de obtê-los. Esta situaçäo insatisfatória é particularmente evidente nos casos onde a preferência por medicamentos para o tratamneto de certas doenças, difere substancialmente entre vários países, visto que inexistem informaçöes sobre os beneficíos comparativos dos diversos regimes de tratamento. O uso da dose diária definida (DDD) como uma unidade de medida torna possível compilar estatísticas comparativas a qualquer tempo e entre regiöes e países, independente de mudanças nos preços e moedas, igualmente diferenças no sortimento de medicamentos. A DDD é definifa como a dose média diária presumível para adultos na principal indicaçäo do medicamento. Deve ser enfatizado que a DDD näo é a dose recomendável mas, simplesmente uma unidade técnica de medida


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Quality Control , Drug Utilization
19.
Bol. Oficina Sanit. Panam ; 106(1): 13-21, ene. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-367772

ABSTRACT

With the aim of establishing guidelines on the proper use of drugs and defined daily doses (DDD) for Brazil, a system for collecting data and analyzing the demand for and consumption of drugs is being implemented at the Hospital Universitario of the University of Sao Paulo. To this end, statistics were drawn from the pharmacy and from médical records. The products standardized by the hospital using the alphanumeric code (based on the official structure of the Ministry of Health) were identified, with five levels of information. The first, expressed in letters, divides the drugs into 14 major groups, defined in accordance with specializations in médical services. The subsequent levels identify the anatomical-pharmacological subgroups, classses, active principles, and dosage forms. The system makes possible access to different levels of drugs clasification, and allows for introducing changes to the list of standardized drugs without affecting the already-recorded information. This study on the use of drugs, in a standard health care environment, will make it possible to draw important conclusions as to the relationship between the demand profile and the mobidity profile


Subject(s)
Hospitals, University , Drug Utilization/trends , Brazil , Medication Systems, Hospital
20.
São Paulo; Atheneu; 4 ed; 1989. 767 p. graf, ilus, tab.
Monography in Portuguese | Sec. Munic. Saúde SP, AHM-Acervo, TATUAPE-Acervo | ID: sms-12487
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