ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the appropriateness of colonoscopy indication for neoplastic lesion detection in patients under age 50 with hematochezia. METHODS: Retrospective and cross-sectional study in patients who underwent colonoscopy, from 2002 to 2009. Inclusion criteria included patients with hematochezia over 20 years old. Exclusion criteria were: history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), polypectomy, family history of colorectal cancer (CRC), fecal occult blood (FOB), anemia, weight loss and personal history of cancer. Neoplastic lesions were stratified into proximal or distal to splenic flexure. RESULTS: 683 patients met the inclusion criteria in 5,000 colonoscopies registered. Median age was 49.46 years old (20 to 94 years old) and 486 patients (71.2%) were females. No proximal colon cancer was detected in the proximal group under 50 years old. Proximal advanced adenomas were diagnosed in one (0.9%) patient in the group of 30 to 40 years old (n=113) versus 7 (3.75%) in the group of 40 to 50 years old (n=187), with p=0.268. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant neoplastic lesions and advanced adenomas are uncommon and predominantly distal in the population between 30 and 50 years old, with hematochezia without risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, flexible sigmoidoscopy appears to be sufficient as the initial method for evaluating these patients. (AU)
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a propriedade da indicação da colonoscopia para pesquisa de lesões neoplásicas em pacientes com menos de 50 anos com hematoquezia. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo e transversal, realizado em pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia, de 2002 a 2009. Foram incluídos pacientes com hematoquezia com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram: história de doença inflamatória intestinal, polipectomia, história familial de câncer colorretal, sangue oculto nas fezes, anemia, emagrecimento e história pessoal de neoplasia. Lesões neoplásicas foram estratificadas em proximais ou distais ao ângulo esplênico. RESULTADOS: Obedeceram aos critérios de inclusão 683 pacientes dentro de 5.000 colonoscopias registradas. A média de idade foi 49,46 anos (20 a 94 anos) e 486 pacientes (71,2%) pertenciam ao gênero feminino. Nenhum câncer do cólon proximal foi detectado no grupo com menos de 50 anos. Adenomas avançados proximais foram diagnosticados em 1 (0,9%) paciente no grupo de 30-40 anos (n=113) versus 7 (3,75%), no de 40-50 anos (n= 187), com p=0,268. CONCLUSÕES: As lesões neoplásicas malignas e os adenomas avançados são pouco frequentes e predominantemente distais na população entre 30-50 anos, com hematoquezia, sem fatores de risco para o câncer colorretal. A retossigmoidoscopia flexível, portanto, parece ser suficiente como método inicial para a avaliação de tais pacientes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adenoma , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage , Polyps/surgery , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Colonoscopy , NeoplasmsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea in seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients is one of the most important and disabling symptoms, and often decreases their quality of life. Cytomegalovirus colitis is among the principal causes of this symptom and colonoscopy is the gold standard examination to diagnose it. AIM: To define the main endoscopic findings in seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients with cytomegalovirus colitis. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-three colonoscopies were performed in 200 seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients with diarrhea associated or not to abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding, over 10-year period, whom 51 patients were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus colitis. Full length colonoscopy with ileum intubation was always tried and multiple biopsies of all segments examined, including endoscopically normal segments, were attempted. All diagnoses were confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Total colonoscopy was possible in 98.03 percent and ileum intubation in 88.23 percent of these cytomegalovirus colitis patients. At colonoscopy, a heterogeneous ulcerative pattern was presented in 72.54 percent, an inflammatory process of the mucosa in 21.56 percent and 5.88 percent of the patients mucosa was endoscopically normal. CONCLUSION: Full length colonoscopy with ileum intubation and multiples biopsies of all segments, even when they are endoscopically normal, have always to be attempted in cases of seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patient with diarrhea.
RACIONAL: Diarréia em pacientes soropositivos para o vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida é um dos sintomas mais importantes e debilitantes e freqüentemente reduz sua qualidade de vida. Colite por citomegalovírus está entre as principais causas desse sintoma e a colonoscopia é o exame padrão-ouro para seu diagnóstico. OBJETIVO: Definir os principais achados endoscópicos em pacientes HIV+ com colite por citomegalovírus. MÉTODO: Duzentas e quarenta e três colonoscopias foram realizadas em 200 pacientes HIV+ com diarréia associada ou não à dor abdominal ou sangramento gastrointestinal, em período de 10 anos, dos quais 51 pacientes foram diagnosticados com colite por citomegalovírus. Colonoscopia total com entubação ileal foi sempre tentada e múltiplas biopsias de todos os segmentos, incluindo segmentos endoscopicamente normais, foram realizadas. Todos os resultados foram confirmados por estudos histológicos e imunoistoquímicos. RESULTADOS: A colonoscopia total foi possível em 98,03 por cento e entubação ileal em 88,23 por cento dos pacientes com colite por citomegalovírus. Nestes pacientes, identificou-se padrão ulcerativo heterogêneo em 72,54 por cento, processo inflamatório da mucosa em 21,56 por cento e mucosa de aspecto normal em 5,93 por cento das colonoscopias. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que colonoscopia total com entubação ileal com múltiplas biopsias de todos os segmentos, mesmo quando são endoscopicamente normais, têm que ser sempre realizadas em casos de pacientes HIV+ com diarréia.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Colitis/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Diarrhea/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/virology , Biopsy , Colonoscopy , Colitis/pathology , Colitis/virology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Diarrhea/pathology , Diarrhea/virology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Magnifying colonoscopy (MC) is recognized as an aid to the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions. This study evaluated interobserver agreement of experienced endoscopists in the assessment of colonic pit patterns through the Kudo's classification and correlated morphological aspects with histopathological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 213 magnification chromoendoscopic pictures of colonic lesions were collected from 161 consecutive patients and presented to three independent observers who expressed opinion about predominant pit pattern. All lesions were excised and sent for histopathological study. RESULTS: Kappa statistics showed that the general agreement index with respect to the aspects of the pits was good among the three observers (0.561). Regarding prediction of histopathology according to the pit pattern diagnosis, overall accuracy was 84%, sensitivity was 91.4%, specificity was 67.2%, positive predictive value was 86.6%, and negative predictive value was 79.3%. CONCLUSION: Although the interobserver reproducibility of the colonic pit pattern is good for experienced endoscopists, MC must not be used to replace the histopathological analysis, since it does not differentiate with the necessary safety neoplastic from nonneoplastic lesions.
Subject(s)
Colon/pathology , Colonoscopy/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Observer Variation , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea in seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients is one of the most important and disabling symptoms, and often decreases their quality of life. Cytomegalovirus colitis is among the principal causes of this symptom and colonoscopy is the gold standard examination to diagnose it. AIM: To define the main endoscopic findings in seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients with cytomegalovirus colitis. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-three colonoscopies were performed in 200 seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patients with diarrhea associated or not to abdominal pain or gastrointestinal bleeding, over 10-year period, whom 51 patients were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus colitis. Full length colonoscopy with ileum intubation was always tried and multiple biopsies of all segments examined, including endoscopically normal segments, were attempted. All diagnoses were confirmed by histologic and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: Total colonoscopy was possible in 98.03% and ileum intubation in 88.23% of these cytomegalovirus colitis patients. At colonoscopy, a heterogeneous ulcerative pattern was presented in 72.54%, an inflammatory process of the mucosa in 21.56% and 5.88% of the patients mucosa was endoscopically normal. CONCLUSION: Full length colonoscopy with ileum intubation and multiples biopsies of all segments, even when they are endoscopically normal, have always to be attempted in cases of seropositive human immunodeficiency virus patient with diarrhea.
Subject(s)
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Colitis/diagnosis , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Diarrhea/diagnosis , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/pathology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/virology , Adult , Aged , Biopsy , Colitis/pathology , Colitis/virology , Colonoscopy , Cytomegalovirus Infections/pathology , Diarrhea/pathology , Diarrhea/virology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
A colonoscopia com magnificação de imagem (CMI) é considerada uma técnica que possibilita o diagnóstico diferencial entre lesões colorretais neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas. Este estudo avaliou a variação da concordância interobservadores para os padrões de criptas através de três endoscopistas experientes com a classificação de Kudo, e correlacionou esses aspectos morfológicos com os achados histopatológicos. Um total de 213 imagens de lesões magnificadas (polipóides e planas) forma coletadas de 161 pacientes consecutivos e apresentadas a três observadores independentes que expressaram opinião sobre o padrão de criptas predominante. Todas as lesões foram completamente excisadas e enviadas para estudo histopatológico. A estatística estimada de Kappa mostrou que o índice de concordância geral para padrões de criptas entre os três observadores foi bom (0,561). Com relação aos resultados histapatológicos, quando comparados aos padrões de criptas, observou-se: acuária de 84 por cento; sensibilidade de 91,4 por cento; especifidade de 67,2 por cento; valor preditivo positivo de 86,6 por cento valor preditivo negativo de 79,3 por cento e índice de Kappa de 0,61. Embora a reprodutilidade interobservadores dos padrões de criptas seja boa, a CMI não deve substituir o estudo histopatológico, pois não diferencia com a necessária segurança lesões neoplásicas de lesões não-neoplásicas.
Colonoscopy with magnified view is the most reliable nonbiopsy method for distinguishing non-neoplastic from neoplastic colorectal lesions. This study analysed lhe interobserver concordance in diagnosis of pit patem, with 3 experients endoscopists using Kudo Classification and correlating the this aspects with histological ones. A total of 213 magnificated images injuries (polipoides and plain) had been collected of 161 independent observing patients consecutive and presented tres that had expressed opinion on the predominant standard of criptas. All the injuries had been completely ressected and send for histopatológico study. The analysis esteem statistics of Kappa showed that the indice of general agreement for standards of criptas between the 3 observers was 84 percent; sensitivity 91.4 percent; specificity 67.2 percent positive preditivo value 86.6 percent; negative preditivo value 79.3 percent; e index of Kappa of 0,61 percent. Although the interobserver reproduction of pit patern are good, the image for colonoscopia with magnificação, does not have to substitute the histopatologic study, therefore it does not differentiate with the necessary security neoplastic injuries of non neoplastic.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Middle Aged , Humans , Colonoscopy , Colorectal Neoplasms , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
A colonoscopia com magnificação de imagem (CMI), associada à cromoendoscopia, tem mostrado a possibilidade de se diferenciar lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas. Duzentas e treze lesões colorretais foram magnificadas e analisadas, através da classificação de Kudo, por 3 observadores distintos e também comparadas com os resultados histopatológicos. Houve bom grau de concordância entre os observadores (Kappa = 0,561) para os diversos padrões de criptas / Magnifying colonoscopy (MC) associated with chromoendoscopy has showed the possibility of differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions. Two hundred and thirteen lesions were magnifyied and analysed, according to Kudos classification, by 3 observers and compared with histopathological results. There was a good agreement index among them (Kappa = 0.561) with respect to the aspects of the pits...
Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Colonoscopy/trends , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colonic Polyps/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic ImagingABSTRACT
The hamartomatous polyps of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) can cause repeated episodes of rectal bleeding and intestinal subocclusion. Laparoscopic treatment of intussusception is rarely reported and must be considered for this clinical condition. We described a 35-year-old male with PJS who presented with rectal bleeding and abdominal pain. One duodenal polyp and two others in the jejunum, which caused intussusception, were visualized on preoperative investigation. Polyps were identified by laparoscopy and removed extracorporeally through enterotomies. All lesions were hamartomas. The patient was discharged on the third postoperative day and has been asymptomatic for more than 2 years. Laparoscopy allows an adequate access to explore and treat small bowel polyps and avoid the classic laparotomy.
Subject(s)
Duodenal Diseases/surgery , Intussusception/surgery , Jejunal Diseases/surgery , Laparoscopy , Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome/complications , Adult , Duodenal Diseases/etiology , Humans , Intussusception/etiology , Jejunal Diseases/etiology , MaleABSTRACT
Um dos mais importantes e decisivos aspectos no tratamento dos tumores vilosos do reto (TVR) é a presença de adenocarcinoma invasivo, o quel necessita de uma abordagem mais agressiva. O ultra-som endoscópico (USE) permite um estadiamento local apropriado, diminuindo os índices de sub ou superestadiamento, evitando uma abordagem terapêutica inicial inadequada.Entre junho de 1997 a outubro de 2000, doze pacientes com diagnóstico de TVR foram submetidos ao USE, a fim de se estabelecer a profundidade de invasäo da lesäo na parede retal. Houve concordância diagnóstica em 11 de 12 casos: 10, onde o USE mostrou lesões restritas à mucosa e 1 com invasäo da gordura peri-retal. No caso discordante, com suspeita de invasäo da submucosa, houve um superestadiamento, quando na realidade o tumor se restringia à mucosa. Essa experiência inicial permite concluir que o USE tem grande sensibilidade e pode ser importante na definiçäo do estadiamento dos TVR