ABSTRACT
Consumers are increasingly looking for healthy foods without the addition of synthetic additives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of coffee extracts as a natural antioxidant in fresh pork sausage. Firstly, the conditions for obtaining coffee green extracts were optimized (Central Composite Rotatable Design 23, variables: extraction time, ethanol-water ratio, and sample-solvent ratio) in an ultrasound bath (70 °C). The response variables were the bioactive compounds levels and antioxidant activity. Valid models were obtained (p ≤ 0.05, R2 > 0.751), with higher bioactive content and antioxidant activity in the central point region. Extracts of Robusta and Arabica coffee green (RG and AG) and medium roast (RR and AR) obtained, and central point (10 min, an ethanol concentration of 30%, and a sample-solvent ratio of 10 g/100 mL) and optimized (14.2 min, 34.2%, and 5.8 g/100 mL) parameters were characterized. The RG presented a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher content of caffeine (3114.8 ± 50.0 and 3148.1 ± 13.5 mg/100 g) and 5-CQA (6417.1 ± 22.0 and 6706.4 ± 23.5 mg/100 g) in both extraction conditions, respectively. The RG and RR coffee presented the highest antioxidant activity. Two concentrations of RG and RR coffee extracts were tested in fresh pork sausage. The Robusta coffee extract presented the highest antioxidant activity in both roasted and green states. However, when applied to a meat product, the extract prepared with RG coffee showed better results, with efficiency in replacing synthetic antioxidants (content of malonaldehyde/kg of sample below 0.696 ± 0.059 in 20 days of storage), without altering the sensory attributes of the product (average scores above 7.16 ± 1.43 for all attributes evaluated). Therefore, the RG coffee extract was a suitable alternative as a natural antioxidant applied to fresh pork sausage.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito das formas de processamento e do alecrim na defumação dos troncos e filés sem pele de tilápia do Nilo sobre o rendimento e as características organolépticas. Independente da forma de processamento aplicada, os filés defumados na presença do alecrim apresentaram menor rendimento. Foi também observado que os filés obtidos a partir dos troncos defumados proporcionaram maiores rendimentos. Analisando a forma de processamento dos filés defumados, os provadores apresentaram maior aceitação para filés (FIL) (2,88) em relação aos filés a partir dos troncos defumados (FTD) (2,63). A presença de alecrim nos filés, independente da forma de obtenção do produto final, não foi significativo para aparência, cor, aroma e aceitação geral, em que as notas transformadas variaram de 2,70 a 2,77. Em relação às análises organolépticas das porções do defumado, a preferência foi maior para o consumo dos FIL em relação aos FTD. Os provadores não notaram diferenças quanto ao acréscimo de alecrim aos FIL e FTD, exceto para teor de sal.
The object of this study was to evaluate the rosemary effect on smoking of skin-less torso and fillets of Nile tilapia on yield and organoleptic characteristics. Independent of processing form applied, the smoked fillets in the rosemary presence presented smaller yield. It was also observed in the fillets from smoked torso than presented greater yield. With regard the processing forms of smoked fillets, the tasters had presented greater acceptance to fillets (FIL) (2.88) compared to fillets from smoked torso (FST) (2.63). The presence of rosemary on fillet independent of attainment form of final product was not significative to appearance, color, aroma and general acceptance, where the marks transformed was rather between 2.70 to 2.77. With regards to organoleptic analyses of smoked fillets portions, the preference was better to FIL compared to FST. The tasters had not noticed significative differences with rosemary addition to FIL and FST, except to salt rate.
