Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Noninvasive Ventilation , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Respiration, Artificial , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objetivo Analizar factores de riesgo de fracaso de la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) en pacientes que ingresan en una unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por neumonía primaria por virus influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Demostrar que los pacientes que fracasan con la VNI tienen mayor mortalidad y estancias más largas. Diseño Estudio de cohorte. Ámbito UCI polivalente de un hospital universitario de 16 camas. Pacientes Pacientes adultos que ingresaron en la UCI en los que se confirmó el diagnóstico de neumonía por influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 y que recibieron ventilación mecánica. Variables Edad, sexo, puntuaciones de gravedad, administración de corticoides, oseltamivir dentro de las 72h de la sintomatología, días de sintomatología previos al ingreso, cuadrantes afectados, fracaso hemodinámico, renal y datos analíticos al ingreso, mortalidad y estancia en UCI y hospitalaria. Resultados Ingresaron 54 pacientes y 49 fueron ventilados. Sexo femenino, 29 (59,2%) y una edad media±desviación estándar de 66,77±14,77 años. Fueron ventilados con VNI 43 (87,75%), de los que fracasaron 18 (41,9%). Los pacientes que fracasaron presentaron menor edad (63 vs. 74 años; p=0,04), mayor puntuación SOFA (7 vs. 4; p=0,01) y mayor fracaso hemodinámico (61,1 vs. 8%; p=0,01). Además, presentaron estancias más largas tanto en UCI (26,28 vs. 6,88 días; p=0,01) como hospitalarias (32,78 vs. 18,8 días; p=0,01), y mayor mortalidad en UCI (38,9 vs. 0%; p=0,02). Se identificaron como factores de riesgo de fracaso a VNI recibir corticoides (OR 7,08; IC 95% 1,23-40,50) y el fallo hemodinámico precoz (OR 14,77; IC 95% 2,34-92,97). Conclusiones El tratamiento con corticoides y el fracaso hemodinámico precoz se asociaron con el fracaso de la VNI en pacientes con neumonía primaria por virus influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Estos tienen una mortalidad superior. (AU)
Objective To evaluate the risk factors associated to noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) failure in patients with primary pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and to demonstrate the association of NIV failure to increased mortality and longer stays. Design A cohort study was carried out. Scope A mixed ICU (16 beds) in a teaching hospital. Patients Adult patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus requiring mechanical ventilation. Measurements Age, sex, severity scores, administration of corticosteroids, oseltamivir within 72h of symptoms onset, days of symptoms prior to admission, affected quadrants, hemodynamic parameters, renal failure, laboratory test data on admission, mortality and stay in ICU and in hospital. Results A total of 54 patients were admitted to the ICU and 49 were ventilated; 29 were females (59.2%), and the mean age±standard deviation was 66.77±14.77 years. Forty-three patients (87.75%) were ventilated with NIV, and 18 (41.9%) of them failed. Patients with NIV failure were younger (63 vs. 74 years; P=.04), with a higher SOFA score (7 vs. 4; P=.01) and greater early hemodynamic failure (61.1 vs. 8%; P=.01). In addition, they presented longer ICU (26.28 vs. 6.88 days; P=.01) and hospital stay (32.78 vs. 18.8 days; P=.01). The ICU mortality rate was also higher in the NIV failure group (38.9 vs. 0%; P=.02). In the multivariate analysis, corticosteroid therapy (OR 7.08; 95% CI 1.23-40.50) and early hemodynamic failure (OR 14.77; 95% CI 2.34-92.97) were identified as independent risk factors for NIV failure. Conclusions Treatment with corticosteroids and early hemodynamic failure were associated to NIV failure in patients with primary pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection admitted to the ICU. The failure of NIV was associated to increased mortality. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Influenza, Human , Noninvasive Ventilation , Risk Factors , MortalityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors associated to noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) failure in patients with primary pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and to demonstrate the association of NIV failure to increased mortality and longer stays. DESIGN: A cohort study was carried out. SCOPE: A mixed ICU (16 beds) in a teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus requiring mechanical ventilation. MEASUREMENTS: Age, sex, severity scores, administration of corticosteroids, oseltamivir within 72h of symptoms onset, days of symptoms prior to admission, affected quadrants, hemodynamic parameters, renal failure, laboratory test data on admission, mortality and stay in ICU and in hospital. RESULTS: A total of 54 patients were admitted to the ICU and 49 were ventilated; 29 were females (59.2%), and the mean age±standard deviation was 66.77±14.77 years. Forty-three patients (87.75%) were ventilated with NIV, and 18 (41.9%) of them failed. Patients with NIV failure were younger (63 vs. 74 years; p=0.04), with a higher SOFA score (7 vs. 4; p=0.01) and greater early hemodynamic failure (61.1 vs. 8%; p=0.01). In addition, they presented longer ICU (26.28 vs. 6.88 days; p=0.01) and hospital stay (32.78 vs. 18.8 days; p=0.01). The ICU mortality rate was also higher in the NIV failure group (38.9 vs. 0%; p=0.02). In the multivariate analysis, corticosteroid therapy (OR 7.08; 95% CI 1.23-40.50) and early hemodynamic failure (OR 14.77; 95% CI 2.34-92.97) were identified as independent risk factors for NIV failure. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with corticosteroids and early hemodynamic failure were associated to NIV failure in patients with primary pneumonia due to influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection admitted to the ICU. The failure of NIV was associated to increased mortality.
Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human , Noninvasive Ventilation , Pneumonia , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Critical Care , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Influenza, Human/therapy , Middle Aged , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Risk Factors , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Noninvasive Ventilation/standards , Masks/standards , Respiratory Insufficiency/complications , Equipment Design , Cross Infection/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Noninvasive Ventilation/adverse effects , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , COVID-19 , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Humans , Masks , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Infective Agents/therapeutic use , Critical Care , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective AgentsSubject(s)
Antimicrobial Stewardship , Critical Care , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Critical Care/methods , Community-Acquired Infections , Critical Illness , Cross Infection , Prognosis , Risk FactorsSubject(s)
Communicable Diseases/epidemiology , Critical Care/methods , Critical Illness , Communicable Diseases/microbiology , Communicable Diseases/virology , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology , Critical Care/trends , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Cross Infection/microbiology , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Cross Infection/virology , Humans , Infection Control , Length of Stay , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/prevention & control , Prognosis , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Infections/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Critical IllnessABSTRACT
Objetivo: En los últimos años se ha constatado un incremento en las infecciones causadas por cocos gram positivos en pacientes críticos, junto a un rápido desarrollo de resistencias a los antibióticos habitualmente empleados para su tratamiento. El objetivo es elaborar una guía de tratamiento antibiótico de las infecciones más frecuentes causadas por cocos gram positivos en pacientes críticos, que ayude a la toma de decisiones asistenciales.Método: Expertos de dos grupos de trabajo de dos sociedades científicas, pertenecientes al Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Crítico de la SEIMC (GEIPC-SEIMC) y al Grupo de Trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC (GTEI-SEMICYUC),se reunieron con el objetivo de elaborar un documento de consenso. Se hizo una revisión sistemática de la literatura publicada hasta septiembre de 2006 referida a estas infecciones, y con los tratamientos antibióticos comercializados hasta entonces. Se aplicó un sistema de graduación de la evidencia según la fuerza de la recomendación (categorías A, B o C) y el grado de evidencia (categorías I, II o III). Se realizaron las recomendaciones por consenso entre los expertos de ambas sociedades.Resultados: Se presentan en forma de tablas las pautas antibióticas recomendadas para el tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por cocos gram positivos, reflejando el grado de recomendación. Se expresan las alternativas para el caso de pacientes alérgicos. En el texto se razona la base científica sobre la que se sustentan dichas recomendaciones citando las referencias en las que se apoyan.Conclusiones: Se presenta el resumen de una guía práctica, basada en la evidencia, para el tratamiento antibiótico de infecciones por cocos gram positivos en el paciente crítico
Objective: In recent years there has been an increase in infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critical patients, together with a rapid development of resistance to the antibiotics which arenormally used to treat them. The objective is to prepare an antibiotic treatment guide for the most common infections caused bygram positive cocci in critical patients. This guide will help in the decision-making process regarding the care of such patients.Method: Experts from two scientific societies worked together to prepare a consensus document. They were members of the Study Group on Infections in Critical Patients (GEIPC), which is part of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology(SEIMC), and the Infectious Diseases Working Group (GTEI), belonging to the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). There was a systematic review of the literature published up to September 2006 regarding this type of infections and the antibiotic treatments marketed to that date. An evidence grading system was applied according to the strength of the recommendation (categories A, B or C) and the level of evidence (categories I, II or III). Recommendations were given if there was consensus among the experts from both societies.Results: The antibiotic regimens recommended for treatinginfections caused by gram-positive cocci were presented in the form of tables, showing the recommendation grade. Alternatives were given for allergic patients. The scientific basis supporting the aforementioned recommendations is explained within the text and the references upon which they are based are cited.Conclusions: A summary of an evidence-based practicalguide for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critical patients is presented
Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Critical Care/methods , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Gram-Positive Cocci , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Critical Illness/therapy , ConsensusABSTRACT
In recent years, an increment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci has been documented in nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections. In diverse countries, a rapid development of resistance to common antibiotics against gram-positive cocci has been observed. This situation is exceptional in Spain but our country might be affected in the near future. New antimicrobials active against these multi-drug resistant pathogens are nowadays available. It is essential to improve our current knowledge about pharmacokinetic properties of traditional and new antimicrobials to maximize its effectiveness and to minimize toxicity. These issues are even more important in critically ill patients because inadequate empirical therapy is associated with therapeutic failure and a poor outcome. Experts representing two scientific societies (Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Critico de la SEIMC and Grupo de trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC) have elaborated a consensus document based on the current scientific evidence to summarize recommendations for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critically ill patients.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteremia/drug therapy , Bacteremia/etiology , Catheterization/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Community-Acquired Infections/drug therapy , Critical Illness , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Humans , Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha constatado un incremento en las infecciones causadas por cocos grampositivos tanto en infecciones comunitarias como nosocomiales. En algunos países, se ha observado un rápido desarrollo de resistencias a los antibióticos habitualmente empleados para su tratamiento, y se supone que esa situación puede llegar en el futuro a nuestro país. Se están desarrollando nuevos antimicrobianos específicamente dirigidos para el tratamiento de estas infecciones, pero es necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de las propiedades farmacocinéticas de los antibióticos tanto antiguos como nuevos, para aprovechar al máximo sus cualidades frente a estos patógenos y evitar en lo posible su toxicidad. En el paciente crítico estos problemas son más acuciantes, ya que la inadecuación del tratamiento, tanto en la elección del antibiótico como en la dosis y en la administración, se acompañan frecuentemente de fracasos terapéuticos y por tanto de mal pronóstico. Expertos de dos grupos de trabajo de dos Sociedades científicas, pertenecientes al Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Crítico de la SEIMC (GEIPC-SEIMC) y al Grupo de trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC (GTEI- SEMICYUC) se han reunido con el objetivo de elaborar un documento de consenso, basado en la evidencia científica, que recoge las recomendaciones para el tratamiento antibiótico de las infecciones graves causadas por cocos grampositivos en el paciente crítico y que ayude en la toma de decisiones asistenciales
In recent years, an increment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci has been documented in nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections. In diverse countries, a rapid development of resistance to common antibiotics against gram-positive cocci has been observed. This situation is exceptional in Spain but our country might be affected in the near future. New antimicrobials active against these multi-drug resistant pathogens are nowadays available. It is essential to improve our current knowledge about pharmacokinetic properties of traditional and new antimicrobials to maximize its effectiveness and to minimize toxicity. These issues are even more important in critically ill patients because inadequate empirical therapy is associated with therapeutic failure and a poor outcome. Experts representing two scientific societies (Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Critico de la SEIMC and Grupo de trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC) have elaborated a consensus document based on the current scientific evidence to summarize recommendations for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critically ill patients
Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Positive Cocci/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Critical Illness/therapy , Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Cross Infection/drug therapy , Bacteremia/drug therapyABSTRACT
En los últimos años se ha constatado un incremento en las infecciones causadas por cocos grampositivos tanto en infecciones comunitarias como nosocomiales. En algunos países, se ha observado un rápido desarrollo de resistencias a los antibióticos habitualmente empleados para su tratamiento, y se supone que esa situación puede llegar en el futuro a nuestro país. Se están desarrollando nuevos antimicrobianos específicamente dirigidos para el tratamiento de estas infecciones, pero es necesario profundizar en el conocimiento de las propiedades farmacocinéticas de los antibióticos tanto antiguos como nuevos, para aprovechar al máximo sus cualidades frente a estos patógenos y evitar en lo posible su toxicidad. En el paciente crítico estos problemas son más acuciantes, ya que la inadecuación del tratamiento, tanto en la elección del antibiótico como en la dosis y en la administración, se acompañan frecuentemente de fracasos terapéuticos y por tanto de mal pronóstico. Expertos de dos grupos de trabajo de dos Sociedades científicas, pertenecientes al Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Crítico de la SEIMC (GEIPC-SEIMC) y al Grupo de trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC (GTEI-SEMICYUC) se han reunido con el objetivo de elaborar un documento de consenso, basado en la evidencia científica, que recoge las recomendaciones para el tratamiento antibiótico de las infecciones graves causadas por cocos grampositivos en el paciente crítico y que ayude en la toma de decisiones asistenciales (AU)
In recent years, an increment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci has been documented in nosocomial and hospital-acquired-infections. In diverse countries, a rapid development of resistance to common antibiotics against gram-positive cocci has been observed. This situation is exceptional in Spain but our country might be affected in the near future. New antimicrobials active against these multi-drug resistant pathogens are nowadays available. It is essential to improve our current knowledge about pharmacokinetic properties of traditional and new antimicrobials to maximize its effectiveness and to minimize toxicity. These issues are even more important in critically ill patients because inadequate empirical therapy is associated with therapeutic failure and a poor outcome. Experts representing two scientific societies (Grupo de estudio de Infecciones en el Paciente Crítico de la SEIMC and Grupo de trabajo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la SEMICYUC) have elaborated a consensus document based on the current scientific evidence to summarize recommendations for the treatment of serious infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critically ill patients (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Gram-Positive Cocci/pathogenicity , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Critical Care/methods , Drug Resistance , Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: In recent years there has been an increase in infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critical patients, together with a rapid development of resistance to the antibiotics which are normally used to treat them. The objective is to prepare an antibiotic treatment guide for the most common infections caused by gram positive cocci in critical patients. This guide will help in the decision-making process regarding the care of such patients. METHOD: Experts from two scientific societies worked together to prepare a consensus document. They were members of the Study Group on Infections in Critical Patients (GEIPC), which is part of the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC), and the Infectious Diseases Working Group (GTEI), belonging to the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC). There was a systematic review of the literature published up to September 2006 regarding this type of infections and the antibiotic treatments marketed to that date. An evidence grading system was applied according to the strength of the recommendation (categories A, B or C) and the level of evidence (categories I, II or III). Recommendations were given if there was consensus among the experts from both societies. RESULTS: The antibiotic regimens recommended for treating infections caused by gram-positive cocci were presented in the form of tables, showing the recommendation grade. Alternatives were given for allergic patients. The scientific basis supporting the aforementioned recommendations is explained within the text and the references upon which they are based are cited. CONCLUSIONS: A summary of an evidence-based practical guide for the treatment of infections caused by gram-positive cocci in critical patients is presented.
