ABSTRACT
The standardisation of UV information to the public through the UV Index (UVI) has been hugely beneficial since its endorsement by multiple international agencies more than 10 years ago. It has now gained widespread acceptance, and UVI values are available throughout the world from satellite instruments, ground-based measurements, and from forecasts based on model calculations. These have been useful for atmospheric scientists, health professionals (skin and eye specialists), and the general public. But the descriptors and health messages associated with the UVI scale are targeted towards European skin types and UV regimes, and are not directly applicable to the population living closer to the equator, especially for those in the high-altitude Altiplano region of South America. This document arose from discussions at the Latin American Society of Photobiology and Photomedicine's Congress, which was held in Arequipa, Peru, in November 2013. A major outcome of the meeting was the Arequipa Accord, which is intended as a unifying document to ensure co-ordination of UV and health research decisions in Latin America. A plank of that agreement was the need to tailor the UVI scale to make it more relevant to the region and its population. Here we make some suggestions to improve the international applicability of the UVI scale.
Subject(s)
Radiation Monitoring , Ultraviolet Rays , Humans , Skin/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Este documento contiene las ponencias presentadas en el panel organizado "Los resultados de un desencuentro" con el objetivo de analizar sobre la economía política del país.
ABSTRACT
Ilustra el conocimiento de los daños provocados por la radiación ultravioleta debido a prolongadas exposiciones a los rayos solares. Por ello se formuló objetivos para proteger la salud pública
ABSTRACT
Difundir y publicar el índice de RUV en Bolivia a través de los medios de comunicación social, privilegiando la difusión de cuñas radiales, en castellano y aymará,para alcanzar a las poblaciones más remotas del Altiplano Norte
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Ultraviolet Rays , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , BoliviaABSTRACT
Measurements and model calculations have been performed to study the effect of high surface albedo on erythemally effective UV irradiance. A central part of the investigation has been a one week measurement campaign at Salar de Uyuni in the Southern part of the Bolivian Altiplano. The Salar de Uyuni, the largest salt lake of the world, is characterized by largely homogeneous surface conditions during most of the year. Albedo measurements performed by an UV radiometer result in a reflectivity for erythemally effective radiation of 0.69+/-0.02. The measurements show hardly any dependency on solar elevation, indicating the homogeneity of the surface and nearly isotropic reflection properties of the Salar. The effects of the high albedo surface on the erythemally effective irradiance, i.e. the UV index (UVI), has been experimentally determined by simultaneous measurements of several UV radiometers located at different sites around and on the Salar. In this context a method for the minimization of systematic deviations between the individual detectors used for the investigation is presented. It ensures the intercomparability of the performed UV measurements within +/-2% which is a distinct improvement compared to the typical absolute accuracy of UV irradiance measurements in the order of +/-5%. For solar elevations around 50 degrees the UVI measured close to the center of the Salar is typically enhanced by 20% compared to the values determined outside. Towards lower solar elevations this increase becomes slightly weaker. The measurements agree well with both, own corresponding 1D and previously published 3D radiative transfer calculations from literature.
Subject(s)
Erythema/diagnostic imaging , Photons , Radiation Protection , Ultraviolet Rays , Bolivia , Humans , Radionuclide Imaging , Solar EnergyABSTRACT
Bolivia, mediante el Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas, ha sido un país pionero en los estudios del ozono superficial y atmosférico.En efecto mucho antes que se descubriera el agujero de ozono y se pusiera de moda la investigacion de ese gas, se realizaron en Bolivia algunos trabajos importantes.(au)
Subject(s)
Ozone , BoliviaABSTRACT
En este capitulo se estudia algunas propiedades de la radiación que emite el sol.La propiedad principal de la radiacion es transmitir energía a distancia.Una vela logra alumbrar hasta una cierta distancia,untelecomando,emitiendo una radiacion particular,logra encender o pagar un aparato electrico,un teléfono celular permite hacer llegar voz e imágenes a gran distancia,superando inclusive barreras de paredes,edificios y colinas.(au)