[Energy requirements in adolescents playing basketball in Russian Olympic reserve team]. / Potrebnost' v energii basketbolistov-podrostkov iz komandy olimpiiskogo rezerva Rossii.

The energy expenditure and requirements and dietary intake were studied in basketball players aged 14-16 years during 3 week-training period. The subjects of study were 14 boys and 18 girls as of the members of reserve of Russian Olympic basketball team. The dietary intake was estimated by dietary record of all food consumed within 24 hours last 7 days of training period. The energy expenditure was estimated by registration of time on different physical activity of team and multiplication on physical activity coefficient. The decrease of body mass and body mass index were observed in boys with height 195 cm and more to the end of training period. These tall boys did not consume enough food to satisfy the estimated energy requirement. It is estimated that energy need of tall basketball players is no less then 5000 kcal for boys and 3100 kcal for girls.

[Diet in low-income families: adult working population]. / Pitanie v bednykh sem'iakh: vzrosloe trudosposobnoe naselenie.

The epidemiological research of the nutrition and health status of the low-income people was held in five regions of the Russian Federation. The analyze of the nutrients, energy, micronutrients and of the main groups of foods consumption in the families with the different level of income was executed. The estimation of the nutrition status was made with using body mass index. The results of this work showed the need of the development of nutrition support in social service and using the medical criteria for this support in low-income people.

[Monitoring food consumption and nutritional status of Moscow schoolchildren in 1992-1994. 2. Anthropometric evaluation of nutritional status, effect of social factors on the character and status of nutrition]. / Monitoring potrebleniia pishchi i sostoianiia pitaniia detei-shkol'nikov Moskvy v 1992-1994 gg.

In this part of the study the nutritional status of Moscow's schoolchildren was assessed by height and weight. The anthropometric data were compared with the CDC/WHO international growth references standards by ANTHRO version 1.01 software. The prevalence of low weight-for-age (Z-score < -2) was more frequent in boys of 15 years of age. Low height-for-age was more prevalent in the group of boys of 15 and girls of 10 years of age. In the period under study there was a slight decrease in height and weight of schoolchildren, but this was within the limits of expected normal variation. A few selected socio-economic variables such as parental education, family size, participation in organized sports and use of school breakfast/lunch options were included. The size of the family or whether it is a one- or two-parent household does not seem to influence energy or nutrient intake, nor are the anthropometric variables significantly affected. The more size of family and the lower the father's education than lower the children's total fat intake and intake of energy from fat.

[Monitoring of dietary intake and nutritional status of Moscow's school children, 1992-1994. 1. Methodology of the study. Energy and nutrient intakes]. / Monitoring potrebleniia pishchi i sostoianiia pitaniia detei-shkol'nikov Moskvy v 1992-1994 gg. 1. Metodologiia issledovaniia. Potreblenie énergii i pishchevykh veshchestv.

Surveys of dietary intakes and nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 10 and 15 years in Moscow were made during a period of rapid economic transformation, 1992-1994. It was part of multicentre study of schoolchildren dietary intake evaluation sponsored by WHO/UNICEF. Information on food intake was collected using two 24-hour recall interviews. The design of study was carefully elaborated by international group of nutritional epidemiologists. There was a slight change in food pattern with age, and some differences between boys and girls of 15 years old. Nutrient intakes in the groups studied did not change significantly during the period of study. Protein contributed about 12% and fat 29-32% of the dietary energy, and total energy intake was overall on a satisfactory level. 70% of the subjects had low intake levels of vitamin B2 and calcium compared with the chosen reference values. Milk and dairy products, fruits, juices and vegetables were consumed in small quantities and relatively infrequently. The consumption of bread and bread products, porridge, confectionery, meat and meat products were consumed more frequently and in larger quantities.

[Nutritional status of native and non-native population of Russia's Extreme North and Far East]. / Fakticheskoe pitanie korennogo i nekorennogo naseleniia raionov Krainevo Severa i Dal'nevo Vostoka.

Daily diets studied in various groups of native and non-native population living in the Far North and East of Russia (Kamchatka, Chukotka, Sakhalin) are shown to be inadequate for the adult capable population. Chemical composition of food provides insufficient supply of vegetable oil, calcium, vitamins, magnesium.

[Analysis of actual nutrition of vegetarians]. / Analiz fakticheskogo pitaniia vegetariantsev.

The questionnaire method was used in the study of the actual nutrition of 20 vegetarians. A group of subjects who received mixed food were observed for comparison. The mean day ration of the two groups differed in the increased proportion of vegetables, fruit, milk products, nuts and vegetable seeds in the vegetarians' nutrition. The analysis of the chemical composition of the ration has shown that the absolute content of protein, fat, carbohydrates, some vitamins of group B in the vegetarians' nutrition is lower than the values recommended. Besides that this nutrition is deficient in Fe, Zn, vitamin B12. However, vegetarian rations with low calorie value are capable of providing physiological requirements of the body in food fibres, vegetable oil, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid.

[Nutritional status of workers with different levels of work capacity]. / Pishchevoi status rabochikh s raznym urovnem rabotosposobnosti.

Workers aged 30-39 years engaged in the instrument-making industry were followed up during spring season. Their energy expenditure, actual nutrition and providing with vitamins were studied. The data obtained were correlated with the level of their total physical working capacity (TPWC). A significant imbalance in their rations was revealed with respect to the main food substances, trace elements and vitamins. The biochemical investigations disclosed their insufficient providing with ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin. The women workers with high TPWC received in their rations higher content of phosphor and iron and lower levels of calcium, as compared to those with low TPWC. Vitamin deficiency in persons with low TPWC was more pronounced than in workers with high TPWC.

[Energy requirements of petroleum workers in Western Siberia]. / Potrebnosti v énergii rabochikh-neftianikov Zapadnoi Sibiri.

Energy requirements of drillers, derrick mounters and maintenance workers belonging to dispersed collectives were defined on the basis of materials available at the oil field Surgutneft named for the 50th anniversary of October. Energy requirements of the team workers were studied by the method of Douglas-Haldane during autumn-winter in the course of performing various production processes. Energy requirements were established as regards the operations made in the course of the basic technological processes. The budget of the working time was calculated in accordance with a rate-qualification manual. Energy consumption during out-of-work time was established by the method of individual questionnaires, followed by energy consumption calculation during various types of the work according to the generally accepted energy equivalents. The daily energy consumption with regard to the eight-hour work was found to constitute 3100-3660 kcal for drillers and the first assistant drillers, and 3700-3900 kcal for the second and third assistant drillers. The oilmen were distributed into groups in terms of the work intensity: group II--drillers, first assistant drillers and maintenance workers; group III--the second and third assistant drillers, assistant maintenance workers, and derrick mounters.

[Effect of ascorbic acid and B group vitamins on the course of subacute acrylonitrile poisoning in rats]. / O vliianii askorbinovoi kisloty i nekotorykh vitaminov gruppy B na techenie podostroi intoksikatsii nitrilom akrilovoi kisloty u krys.

The effect of ascorbic acid and a mixture of pyridoxine and nicotinamide on the process of subacute poisoning with acrylonitrile (AN) in a concentration of 9.7 +/- 2.8 mg/m3 (corresponding to the threshold of a chronic action) was studied in rats. Administration of an additional mixture of vitamins had no significant effect on the course of subacute poisoning in rats. Changes in the physiological and biochemical parameters characteristic of the AN poisoning were noted in this group of animals at the end of the experiment. No significant changes were observed in the poisoning of rats after an additional administration of ascorbic acid either at the stage of the initial reactions, or at the end of the experiment. The results obtained indicate a strongly pronounced elevation of the adaptibility of the organism. This allows one to regard ascorbic acid as an alimentary factor of protective action in repeated subacute AN poisoning of the organism. Ascorbic acid can be recommended as a prophylactic agent for persons in continuous contact with AN under industrial conditions.

[Effect on the body of rats of rations varying in protein content in acrylomitrile poisoning]. / Izuchenie vliianiia na organizm krys razlichnykh po soderzhaniiu belka ratsionov pri intoksikatsii nitrilom akrilovoi kisloty.

The effect of protein of isocaloric rations (10, 18 and 30 per cent of the total calorific value) differing in its proportion on the course of a subacute poisoning provoked by the acrylic acid nitrile (AAN) in a concentration of 9.7 +/- 2.8 mg/m3 was studied. A comparative study of the results obtained showed that a protein-rich ration produced a more pronounced protective effect. Against its background the AAN metabolites were eliminated from the organism more intensively. This effect could have been occasioned by an excessive supply to the organism together with the additional protein of free sulphur and of SH-group necessary for rendering the cyanides harmless. Considering the results obtained and with the view of a more effective prevention of the AAN poisoning it is advisable to recommend providing workers with a protein-rich medico-prophylactic ration containing an assortment of food products rich in sulphur-containing elements.