Seasonal dynamics and driving mechanisms of microbial biogenic elements cycling function, assembly process, and co-occurrence network in plateau lake sediments.

Microbial community diversity significantly varies with seasonality. However, little is known about seasonal variation of microbial community functions in lake sediments and their associated environmental influences. In this study, metagenomic sequencing of sediments collected from winter, summer, and autumn from Caohai Lake, Guizhou Plateau, were used to evaluate the composition and function of sediment microbial communities, the potential interactions of functional genes, key genes associated with seasons, and community assembly mechanisms. The average concentrations of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) in lake sediments were higher, which were 6.136 and 0.501 g/kg, respectively. TN and organic matter (OM) were the primary factors associated with sediment community composition and functional profiles. The diversity and structure of the microbial communities varied with seasons, and Proteobacteria relative abundances were significantly lower in summer than in other seasons (58.43-44.12 %). Seasons were also associated with the relative abundances of functional genes, and in particular korA, metF, narC, nrfA, pstC/S, and soxB genes. Network complexity was highest in the summer and key genes in the network also varied across seasons. Neutral community model analysis revealed that the assembly mechanisms related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycle-related genes were primarily associated with random processes. In summary, diverse functional genes were identified in lake sediments and exhibited evidence for synergistic interactions (Positive proportion: 74.91-99.82 %), while seasonal factors influenced their distribution. The results of this study provide new insights into seasonal impacts on microbial-driven biogeochemical cycling in shallow lakes.

The anticancer mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry protein 16 on lung adenocarcinoma cells.

Lung adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent subtype of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) Rhoptry protein 16 (ROP16) has been shown to quickly enter the nucleus, and through activate host cell signaling pathways by phosphorylation STAT3 and may affect the survival of tumor cells. This study constructed recombinant lentiviral expression vector of T. gondii ROP16 I/II/III and stably transfected them into A549 cells, and the effects of ROP16 on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of A549 cells were explored by utilizing CCK-8, flow cytometry, qPCR, Western blotting, TUNEL, Transwell assay, and cell scratch assay, and these effects were confirmed in the primary human lung adenocarcinoma cells from postoperative cancer tissues of patients. The type I and III ROP16 activate STAT3 and inhibited A549 cell proliferation, regulated the expression of p21, CDK6, CyclinD1, and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. ROP16 also regulated the Bax, Bcl-2, p53, cleaved-Caspase3, and Caspase9, inducing cell apoptosis, and reduced the invasion and migration of A549 cells, while type II ROP16 protein had no such effect. Furthermore, in the regulation of ROP16 on primary lung adenocarcinoma cells, type I and III ROP16 showed the same anticancer potential. These findings confirmed the anti-lung adenocarcinoma effect of type I and III ROP16, offering fresh perspectives on the possible application of ROP16 as a target with adjuvant therapy for lung adenocarcinoma and propelling the field of precision therapy research toward parasite treatment of tumors.

Prognositic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma. / Anoikiså’Œè‚¿ç˜¤å ç–«å¾®çŽ¯å¢ƒç›¸å ³åŸºå› åœ¨éª¨è‚‰ç˜¤æ²»ç–—ä¸­çš„é¢„åŽä»·å€¼ï¼ˆè‹±æ–‡ï¼‰.

OBJECTIVES: Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive primary malignant bone tumor commonly seen in children and adolescents, with a poor prognosis. Anchorage-dependent cell death (anoikis) has been proven to be indispensable in tumor metastasis, regulating the migration and adhesion of tumor cells at the primary site. However, as a type of programmed cell death, anoikis is rarely studied in osteosarcoma, especially in the tumor immune microenvironment. This study aims to clarify prognostic value of anoikis and tumor immune microenvironment-related gene in the treatment of osteosarcoma. METHODS: Anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) were obtained from GeneCards. Clinical information and ANRGs expression profiles of osteosarcoma patients were sourced from the therapeutically applicable research to generate effective therapies and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. ANRGs highly associated with tumor immune microenvironment were identified by the estimate package and the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Machine learning algorithms were performed to construct long-term survival predictive strategy, each sample was divided into high-risk and low-risk subgroups, which was further verified in the GEO cohort. Finally, based on single-cell RNA-seq from the GEO database, analysis was done on the function of signature genes in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment. RESULTS: A total of 51 hub ANRGs closely associated with the tumor microenvironment were identified, from which 3 genes (MERTK, BNIP3, S100A8) were selected to construct the prognostic model. Significant differences in immune cell activation and immune-related signaling pathways were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups based on tumor microenvironment analysis (all P<0.05). Additionally, characteristic genes within the osteosarcoma microenvironment were identified in regulation of intercellular crosstalk through the GAS6-MERTK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: The prognostic model based on ANRGs and tumor microenvironment demonstrate good predictive power and provide more personalized treatment options for patients with osteosarcoma.

Probing the Structural and Electronic Properties of the Anionic and Neutral Tellurium-Doped Boron Clusters TeBnq (n = 3-16, q = 0, -1).

In this study, we employ density functional theory along with the artificial bee colony algorithm for cluster global optimization to explore the low-lying structures of TeBnq (n = 3-16, q = 0, -1). The primary focus is on reporting the structural properties of these clusters. The results reveal a consistent doping pattern of the tellurium atom onto the in-plane edges of planar or quasi-planar boron clusters in the most energetically stable isomers. Additionally, we simulate the photoelectron spectra of the cluster anions. Through relative stability analysis, we identify three clusters with magic numbers -TeB7-, TeB10, and TeB12. The aromaticity of these clusters is elucidated using adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) and magnetic properties analysis. Notably, TeB7- exhibits a perfect σ-π doubly aromatic structure, while TeB12 demonstrates strong island aromaticity. These findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the structural and electronic properties of these clusters.

Development of a propionate metabolism-related gene-based molecular subtypes and scoring system for predicting prognosis in bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy. Dysregulated propionate metabolism, a key cancer factor, suggests a potential target for treating metastatic cancer. However, a complete understanding of the link between propionate metabolism-related genes (PMRGs) and bladder cancer is lacking. METHODS: From the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we gathered BLCA patient data, which was classified into distinct subgroups using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Survival and pathway analyses were conducted between these clusters. The PMRGs model, created through univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses, was assessed for prognostic significance using Kaplan-Meier and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A comprehensive evaluation included clinical, tumor microenvironment (TME), drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy analyses. Finally, the expression of HSD17B1 essential genes was confirmed via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), with further validation through Transwell, wound healing, colony-formation, and EDU assays. RESULTS: We discovered two distinct subcategories (CA and CB) within BLCA using NMF analysis, with CA demonstrating significantly better overall survival compared to CB. Additionally, six PMRGs emerged as critical factors associated with propionate metabolism and prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high-risk PMRGs were correlated with a poorer prognosis in BLCA patients. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of infiltrated immune cells, immune checkpoint expression, TME scores, and drug sensitivity. Notably, we found that suppressing HSD17B1 gene expression inhibited the invasion of bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Our study proposes molecular subtypes and a PMRG-based score as promising prognostic indicators in BLCA. Additionally, cellular experiments underscore the pivotal role of HSD17B1 in bladder cancer metastasis and invasion, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target.

Ecological restoration enhanced the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes: Insights from predation characteristics of epiphytic predators.

The application of various submerged macrophytes for ecological restoration has gained increasing attention in urban lake ecosystems. The multitrophic microbial communities that colonized in various submerged macrophytes constitute microbial food webs through trophic cascade effects, which affect the biogeochemical cycles of the lake ecosystem and directly determine the effects of ecological restoration. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the diversity, composition, assembly processes, and stability of the microbial communities within epiphytic food webs of diverse submerged macrophytes under eutrophication and ecological restoration scenarios. In this study, we explored the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata in both eutrophic and ecological restoration regions. The obtained results indicated that the two regions with different nutrient levels remarkably affected the diversity and composition of epiphytic multitrophic microbial communities of submerged macrophytes, among them, the community composition of epiphytic predators were more prone to change. Secondly, environmental filtering effects played a more important role in driving the community assembly of epiphytic predators than that of prey. Furthermore, the generality and intraguild predation of epiphytic predators were significantly improved within ecological restoration regions, which increased the stability of epiphytic microbial food webs. Additionally, compared with Hydrilla verticillata, the epiphytic microbial food webs of Vallisneria natans exhibited higher multitrophic diversity and higher network stability regardless of regions. Overall, this study focused on the role of the epiphytic microbial food webs of submerged macrophytes in ecological restoration and uncovered the potential of epiphytic predators to enhance the stability of microbial food webs, which may provide new insights into the development of ecological restoration strategies.

High-performance self-cascade nanoreactors for combined ferroptosis, photothermal therapy, and starving therapy.

Despite the great potential of starving therapy caused by nanoreactor based on glucose oxidase (GOX) in tumor therapy, efficiency and uncontrolled reaction rates in vivo lead to inevitable toxicity to normal tissues, which seriously hindering their clinical conversion. Herein, a cascade nanoreactor (GOX/Mn/MPDA) was constructed by coating mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (MPDA) with MnO2 shell and then depositing GOX into honeycomb-shaped manganese oxide nanostructures to achieve a combination of ferroptosis, photothermal therapy and starving therapy. Upon uptake of nanodrugs to cancer cells, the MnO2 shell would deplete glutathione (GSH) and produce Mn2+, while a large amount of H2O2 generated from the catalytic oxidation of glucose by GOX would accelerate the Fenton-like reaction mediated by Mn2+, producing high toxic •OH. More importantly, the cascade reaction between GOX and MnO2 would be further strengthened by localized hyperthermia caused by irradiated by near-infrared laser (NIR), inducing significant anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Regarding the effectiveness of tumor treatment in vivo, the tumor inhibition rate achieved an impressive 64.33%. This study provided a new strategy for anti-tumor therapeutic by designing a photothermal-enhanced cascade catalytic nanoreactor.

Feasibility, safety and efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation as a preoperative treatment for challenging hysteroscopic myomectomy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of high intensity focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) as a preoperative treatment for challenging hysteroscopic myomectomies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 75 patients diagnosed with types 0-III of uterine fibroids were enrolled. Based on the Size, Topography, Extension of the base, Penetration and lateral Wall position (STEPW) classification scoring system, 25 cases with a score ≥ 5 points were treated with HIFU followed by hysteroscopic myomectomy (HIFU + HM group), whereas 50 cases with a score < 5 points were treated with hysteroscopic myomectomy (HM group). RESULTS: The median preoperative STEPW score was 7 in the HIFU + HM group and 2 in the HM group. The average non-perfused volume (NPV) ratio achieved in fibroids after HIFU was 86.87%. Patients in the HIFU + HM group underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy one to four days after HIFU, and downgrading was observed in 81.81% of fibroids. The operation time for patients in the HIFU + HM group was 73 min and the success rate of myomectomy in a single attempt was 60%. The volume of distention medium used during the operation was greater in the HIFU + HM group than in the HM group (15,500 ml vs. 7500 ml). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications, menstrual volume score, or uterine fibroid quality of life score. CONCLUSION: HIFU can be utilized as a preoperative treatment for large submucosal fibroids prior to hysteroscopic myomectomy. HIFU offers a novel approach in the management of this subset of patients.

Deep learning-based multi-modal data integration enhancing breast cancer disease-free survival prediction.

Background: The prognosis of breast cancer is often unfavorable, emphasizing the need for early metastasis risk detection and accurate treatment predictions. This study aimed to develop a novel multi-modal deep learning model using preoperative data to predict disease-free survival (DFS). Methods: We retrospectively collected pathology imaging, molecular and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and one independent institution in China. We developed a novel Deep Learning Clinical Medicine Based Pathological Gene Multi-modal (DeepClinMed-PGM) model for DFS prediction, integrating clinicopathological data with molecular insights. The patients included the training cohort (n = 741), internal validation cohort (n = 184), and external testing cohort (n = 95). Result: Integrating multi-modal data into the DeepClinMed-PGM model significantly improved area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values. In the training cohort, AUC values for 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS predictions increased to 0.979, 0.957, and 0.871, while in the external testing cohort, the values reached 0.851, 0.878, and 0.938 for 1-, 2-, and 3-year DFS predictions, respectively. The DeepClinMed-PGM's robust discriminative capabilities were consistently evident across various cohorts, including the training cohort [hazard ratio (HR) 0.027, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0016-0.046, P < 0.0001], the internal validation cohort (HR 0.117, 95% CI 0.041-0.334, P < 0.0001), and the external cohort (HR 0.061, 95% CI 0.017-0.218, P < 0.0001). Additionally, the DeepClinMed-PGM model demonstrated C-index values of 0.925, 0.823, and 0.864 within the three cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: This study introduces an approach to breast cancer prognosis, integrating imaging and molecular and clinical data for enhanced predictive accuracy, offering promise for personalized treatment strategies.

The role of tetrahydrocurcumin in disease prevention and treatment.

In recent decades, natural compounds derived from herbal medicine or dietary sources have played important roles in prevention and treatment of various diseases and have attracted more and more attention. Curcumin, extracted from the Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and widely used as food spice and coloring agent, has been proven to possess high pharmacological value. However, the pharmacological application of curcumin is limited due to its poor systemic bioavailability. As a major active metabolite of curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) has higher bioavailability and stability than curcumin. Increasing evidence confirmed that THC had a wide range of biological activities and significant treatment effects on diseases. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the biological activities and therapeutic potential of THC on different diseases such as neurological disorders, metabolic syndromes, cancers, and inflammatory diseases. The extensive pharmacological effects of THC involve the modulation of various signaling transduction pathways including MAPK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, Nrf2, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK, Wnt/ß-catenin. In addition, the pharmacokinetics, drug combination and toxicology of THC were discussed, thus providing scientific basis for the safe application of THC and the development of its dietary supplements and drugs.

Neuroprotection provided by hypothermia initiated with high transnasal flow with ambient air in a model of pediatric cardiac arrest.

Clinical trials of hypothermia after pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) have not seen robust improvement in functional outcome, possibly because of the long delay in achieving target temperature. Previous work in infant piglets showed that high nasal airflow, which induces evaporative cooling in the nasal mucosa, reduced regional brain temperature uniformly in half the time needed to reduce body temperature. Here, we evaluated whether initiation of hypothermia with high transnasal airflow provides neuroprotection without adverse effects in the setting of asphyxic CA. Anesthetized piglets underwent sham-operated procedures (n = 7) or asphyxic CA with normothermic recovery (38.5°C; n = 9) or hypothermia initiated by surface cooling at 10 (n = 8) or 120 (n = 7) min or transnasal cooling initiated at 10 (n = 7) or 120 (n = 7) min after resuscitation. Hypothermia was sustained at 34°C with surface cooling until 20 h followed by 6 h of rewarming. At 4 days of recovery, significant neuronal loss occurred in putamen and sensorimotor cortex. Transnasal cooling initiated at 10 min significantly rescued the number of viable neurons in putamen, whereas levels in putamen in other hypothermic groups remained less than sham levels. In sensorimotor cortex, neuronal viability in the four hypothermic groups was not significantly different from the sham group. These results demonstrate that early initiation of high transnasal airflow in a pediatric CA model is effective in protecting vulnerable brain regions. Because of its simplicity, portability, and low cost, transnasal cooling potentially could be deployed in the field or emergency room for early initiation of brain cooling after pediatric CA.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The onset of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac resuscitation is often delayed, leading to incomplete neuroprotection. In an infant swine model of asphyxic cardiac arrest, initiation of high transnasal airflow to maximize nasal evaporative cooling produced hypothermia sufficient to provide neuroprotection that was not inferior to body surface cooling. Because of its simplicity and portability, this technique may be of use in the field or emergency room for rapid brain cooling in pediatric cardiac arrest victims.

A developed and validated centrifugal ultrafiltration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for rapid quantification of unbound lenvatinib in human plasma.

In clinical practice, the determination of unbound drug concentration is very important for dose adjustment and toxicity prediction because only the unbound fraction can achieve a pharmacological effect. A fast, sensitive and accurate analytical method of centrifugal ultrafiltration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and applied to allow the quantification of unbound lenvatinib concentration. The application of linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of centrifugal force, centrifugal time, and protein content on ultrafiltrate volume (Vu). The results indicated that the centrifugal force and centrifugal time have an influence on Vu that is significantly positive (P < 0.05). This developed method with good linearity (r2 = 0.9996), good accuracy (bias % ≤ 2.24 %), good precision (CV % ≤ 7.10 %), and good recovery (95.46 %-106.46 %) was suitable for routine clinical practice and studies. Particularly, the ultrafiltration membrane had no non-specific binding to lenvatinib. The unbound fractions can be separated in just 15 min. This method was applied to quantify clinical samples and to determine the plasma protein binding and unbound fraction of lenvatinib. This study provides a more effective and promising method for determination of unbound lenvatinib. It could be beneficial to measure the unbound concentration of lenvatinib in personalized medicine and therapeutic drug monitoring in routine clinical practice.

The ubiquitin ligase STUB1 suppresses tumorigenesis of renal cell carcinomas through regulating YTHDF1 stability.

STIP1 homology and U-box protein 1 (STUB1), a crucial member of the RING family E3 ubiquitin ligase, serves dual roles as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor in various human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of STUB1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remain poorly defined. Here, we identified YTHDF1 as a novel STUB1 interaction partner using affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS). Furthermore, we revealed that STUB1 promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of YTHDF1. Consequently, STUB1 depletion leads to YTHDF1 up-regulation in renal cancer cells. Functionally, STUB1 depletion promoted migration and invasion of ccRCC cells in a YTHDF1-dependent manner. Additionally, depletion of STUB1 also increased the tumorigenic potential of ccRCC in a xenograft model. Importantly, STUB1 expression is down-regulated in ccRCC tissues, and its low expression level correlates with advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival in ccRCC patients. Taken together, these findings reveal that STUB1 inhibits the tumorigenicity of ccRCC by regulating YTHDF1 stability.

[Retracted] Silencing of RTKN2 by siRNA suppresses proliferation, and induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the Transwell migration assay data shown in Fig. 4D on p. 4876 were strikingly similar to data that had already been published in different form in another article written by different authors at a different research institute. In addition, a pair of the data panels in Fig. 4D were overlapping, indicating that data derived from the same original source had been used to represent what were intended to be the results obtained from differently performed experiments.  Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published prior to its submission to Molecular Medicine Reports, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Molecular Medicine Reports 13: 4872­4878, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5127].

A Novel Photosensitizer Based 450-nm Blue Laser-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer - in Vitro and in Vivo Study.

BACKGROUND: Due to its non-invasive and widely applicable features, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been a prominent treatment approach against cancer in recent years. However, its widespread application in clinical practice is limited by the dark toxicity of photosensitizers and insufficient penetration of light sources. This study assessed the anticancer effects of a novel photosensitizer 5-(4-amino-phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin with diethylene-triaminopentaacetic acid (ATPP-DTPA)-mediated PDT (hereinafter referred to as ATPP-PDT) under the irradiation of a 450-nm blue laser on colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: After 450-nm blue laser-mediated ATPP-PDT and the traditional photosensitizer 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-PDT treatment, cell viability was detected through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was quantified by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Western blotting and transcriptome RNA sequencing and functional experiments were used to evaluate cell apoptosis and its potential mechanism. Anti-tumor experiment in vivo was performed in nude mice with subcutaneous tumors. RESULTS: ATPP-DTPA had a marvelous absorption in the blue spectrum. Compared with 5-ALA, ATPP-DTPA could achieve significant killing effects at a lower dose. Owing to generating an excessive amount of ROS, 450-nm blue laser-mediated PDT based on ATPP-DTPA resulted in evident growth inhibition and apoptosis in CRC cells in vitro. After transcriptome RNA sequencing and functional experiments, p38 MAPK signaling pathway was confirmed to be involved in the regulation of apoptosis induced by 450-nm blue laser-mediated ATPP-PDT. Additionally, animal studies using xenograft model confirmed that ATPP-PDT had excellent anti-tumor effect and reasonable biosafety in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: PDT mediated by 450-nm blue laser combined with ATPP-DTPA may be a novel and effective method for the treatment of CRC.

Facile hydrothermal assembly of three-dimensional GO-MTZE composite and its adsorption properties toward Cu2.

Three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide (GO)-based aerogels, GO and 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol (MTZE) composites, were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Due to the hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, the produced 3D GO-MTZE composites possessed large cylindrical structures. The morphologies, composition, and chemical states of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms based on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The existence of nitrogen (N)-containing heterocyclic system and oxygen (O)-containing branched chain of MTZE contributed to the formation of 3D structures, while the complexation effect of heterocyclic sulfur (S)- and N-containing functional groups of MTZE for metal cations dominated the adsorption performance of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite, which could selectively adsorb copper ions (Cu2+). In addition, the better hydrophobic property of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite facilitates its facile recycling from aqueous solution after adsorption. The adsorption data of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite toward Cu2+ fitted well (R2 = 0.9996) with the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model, giving an equilibrium rate constant (k2) of 0.0187 g mg-1 min-1. The linear Langmuir isothermal model could more accurately describe the experimental data, indicating the adsorption process is mainly dominated by the complexation interactions between MTZE and Cu2+. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔG° (< 0), ΔH° (> 0), and ΔS° (> 0) further indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic, confirming that the complexation between Cu2+ and 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite occurs. Due to its high selectivity for Cu2+, good hydrophobicity, and excellent stability, the developed 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite possesses might be promisingly used in the aqueous selective enrichment/removal of Cu2+.

[New drug discovery and prospect of small nucleic acids derived from traditional Chinese medicine and natural medicine].

Small nucleic acid drugs mainly include small interfering RNA(siRNA), antisense oligonucleotide(ASO), microRNA(miRNA), messenger RNA(mRNA), nucleic acid aptamer(aptamer), and so on. Its translation or regulation can be inhibited by binding to the RNA of the target molecule. Due to its strong specificity, persistence, and curability, small nucleic acid drugs have received considerable attention in recent years. Recent studies have shown that some miRNAs from animal and plant sources can stably exist in the blood, tissue, and organs of animals and human beings and exert pharmacological action by regulating the expression of various target proteins. This paper summarized the discovery of small nucleic acids derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and natural drugs and their cross-border regulatory mechanisms and discussed the technical challenges and regulatory issues brought by this new drug, which can provide new ideas and methods for explaining the complex mechanism of TCM, developing new drugs of small nucleic acids from TCM and natural medicine, and conducting regulatory scientific research.

Accurate prediction of myopic progression and high myopia by machine learning.

Background: Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in Asia and worldwide. However, accurately predicting the progression of myopia and the high risk of myopia remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the development of myopia. Methods: We first retrospectively gathered 612 530 medical records from five independent cohorts, encompassing 227 543 patients ranging from infants to young adults. Subsequently, we developed a multivariate linear regression algorithm model to predict the progression of myopia and the risk of high myopia. Result: The model to predict the progression of myopia achieved an R2 value of 0.964 vs a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.119D [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.119, 1.146] in the internal validation set. It demonstrated strong generalizability, maintaining consistent performance across external validation sets: R2 = 0.950 vs MAE = 0.119D (95% CI: 0.119, 1.136) in validation study 1, R2 = 0.950 vs MAE = 0.121D (95% CI: 0.121, 1.144) in validation study 2, and R2 = 0.806 vs MAE = -0.066D (95% CI: -0.066, 0.569) in the Shanghai Children Myopia Study. In the Beijing Children Eye Study, the model achieved an R2 of 0.749 vs a MAE of 0.178D (95% CI: 0.178, 1.557). The model to predict the risk of high myopia achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 in the internal validation set and consistently high area under the curve values of 0.99, 0.99, 0.96 and 0.99 in the respective external validation sets. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates accurate prediction of myopia progression and risk of high myopia providing valuable insights for tailoring strategies to personalize and optimize the clinical management of myopia in children.

Injury of Macrophages Induced by Clostridium perfringens Type C Exotoxins.

Clostridium perfringens is a kind of anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that widely exists in the intestinal tissue of humans and animals. And the main virulence factor in Clostridium perfringens is its exotoxins. Clostridium perfringens type C is the main strain of livestock disease, its exotoxins can induce necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia, which lead to the reduction in feed conversion, and a serious impact on breeding production performance. Our study found that treatment with exotoxins reduced cell viability and triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human mononuclear leukemia cells (THP-1) cells. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, we found that the levels of related proteins such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and ferroptosis signaling pathway increased significantly after treatment with exotoxins. To investigate whether ferroptosis occurred after exotoxin treatment in macrophages, we confirmed that the protein expression levels of antioxidant factors glutathione peroxidase 4/ferroptosis-suppressor-protein 1/the cystine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (GPX4/FSP1/xCT), ferroptosis-related protein nuclear receptor coactivator 4/transferrin/transferrin receptor (NCOA4/TF/TFR)/ferritin and the level of lipid peroxidation were significantly changed. Based on the above results, our study suggested that Clostridium perfringens type C exotoxins can induce macrophage injury through oxidative stress and ferroptosis.

Epigenetic regulation of FOXI2 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression.

In recent decades, substantial advancements in epigenetics have unveiled a profound understanding of its mechanisms in tumorigenesis and have offered promising strategies for epigenetic therapy in cancer patients. In our study, through bioinformatics analysis, we discovered a significant downregulation and hypermethylation of FOXI2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), while the expression in chromophobe cell carcinoma (chRCC) exhibited the opposite trend. Moreover, we established a strong correlation between FOXI2 expression levels and the prognosis of ccRCC. Gene enrichment analysis and cell function experiments unequivocally demonstrate that FOXI2 possesses the capability to induce cell cycle arrest and inhibit cell proliferation. Our research findings demonstrate that the expression of FOXI2 in ccRCC is under the regulation of promoter hypermethylation. Furthermore, in vitro experiments have conclusively shown that the overexpression of FOXI2 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation.