ABSTRACT
Abstract An experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the taste aversion conditioning paradigm in the generalization of aversion with palatable foods was performed. Ten experimentally naive females Wistar rats and three types of foods were used: a) standard purina rodent chow, b) vanilla flavor cookies and c) chocolate-flavored cookies. Subjects were divided into two groups, five subjects per group. Using the taste aversion conditioning paradigm protocol, subjects were exposed to the types of food keeping an intake record. The experiment demonstrated that rats can acquire an aversion to palatable foods accompanied by a tendency to generalize, when using elements that share characteristics such as nutritional content and texture. In addition, the intake of a food that does not share the characteristics of texture, taste, smell and energy content with the one used for conditioning was not been affected. These findings indicate that the aversion generalization seems to depend on the properties of the food used.
Resumen Se evaluó experimentalmente la efectividad del paradigma de aprendizaje aversivo gustativo en la generalización de la aversión utilizando alimentos palatables. Se utilizaron diez ratas Wistar hembras experimentalmente ingenuas y tres tipos de alimentos: a) purina comida estándar para roedores, b) galletas con sabor a vainilla y c) galletas con sabor a chocolate. Los sujetos fueron divididos en dos grupos, cinco sujetos en cada uno. Usando el paradigma de condicionamiento de aversión al sabor, los sujetos fueron expuestos a los tipos de alimentos manteniendo un registro de ingesta. El experimento demostró que las ratas pueden adquirir una aversión a los alimentos palatables acompañados por una tendencia a generalizarse, cuando se utilizan elementos que comparten características como el contenido nutricional y la textura. Además, la ingesta de un alimento que no comparte características como la textura, sabor, olor y contenido energético como el utilizado para el condicionamiento no se vio afectada. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la generalización de la aversión parece depender de las propiedades de los alimentos utilizados.
ABSTRACT
The study of the factors that regulate high energy food intake is especially relevant nowadays due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Food intake regulation can be divided in two basic processes, namely satiation and satiety. Satiation is the process that determines the moment in which feeding stops and regulates the amount of ingested food during a single meal. Satiety is the interval between meals and regulates the time elapsed between two meals. The longer the interval, the lower energy intake. Each of these processes are regulated by different factors, which are here reviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Appetite Regulation/physiology , Satiation/physiology , Energy Intake/physiology , Satiety Response/physiology , Sensation/physiology , Time Factors , Eating/physiologyABSTRACT
The study of the factors that regulate high energy food intake is especially relevant nowadays due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Food intake regulation can be divided in two basic processes, namely satiation and satiety. Satiation is the process that determines the moment in which feeding stops and regulates the amount of ingested food during a single meal. Satiety is the interval between meals and regulates the time elapsed between two meals. The longer the interval, the lower energy intake. Each of these processes are regulated by different factors, which are here reviewed.
Subject(s)
Appetite Regulation/physiology , Energy Intake/physiology , Satiation/physiology , Eating/physiology , Humans , Satiety Response/physiology , Sensation/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Experimental evidence has demonstrated the effect of exposure history on feeding behavior in organisms. However, it is reported that sucralose is not adequately consumed by the rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate effect of early exposure to sucralose in subsequent fluid intake in Wistar rats. Twenty rats were assigned into two groups, A and S. The S group was exposed to sucralose from nursing, since her mother drank a solution with sucralose during this stage. Group A was exposed to water. At 90 days of age both groups received a solution with sucralose for 10 days, followed by 10 days in which they returned to initial conditions (A, water and S, sucralose). Later both groups received water for 10 days, ending the experiment with a return to initial conditions for 10 days. The results showed a differential effect in sucralose and water consumption with respect to sex. In particular females consumed more sucralose than males. However, experimental group exposed to it early sucralose showed a higher consumption compared with the group exposed to water. These results showed that exposure to sucralose flavor during lactation influences the fluids habitually consumed by females, also showed differential effects with respect to sex. Animals exposed to sucralose from nursing showed an increase in sucralose consumption after water intake. This evidence demonstrates the role that early exposure to specific flavors in the pattern of consumption in adulthood. Additionally, it is possible to point out the importance of learning at an early age as a tool to prevent the development of food pathologies.
La evidencia experimental ha demostrado el efecto de la historia de exposición sobre el comportamiento de alimentación en los organismos. Sin embargo, se ha reportado que la sucralosa no es consumida por las ratas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de la exposición temprana a la sucralosa en el consumo de líquidos de ratas de la cepa Wistar. Veinte ratas de la cepa Wistar se dividieron en dos grupos: A y S. El grupo S, estuvo expuesto a la sucralosa desde la lactancia, ya que su madre tomó una solución con sucralosa en esa etapa. El grupo A estuvo expuesto a agua. A los 90 días de edad ambos grupos recibieron como bebida una solución con sucralosa por 10 días, seguido de 10 días en los que retornaron a condiciones iniciales (A, agua y S, sucralosa). Posteriormente recibieron como bebida agua por 10 días, finalizando el experimento con un retorno a condiciones iniciales por 10 días. Los resultados mostraron un efecto diferencial en el consumo de sucralosa y agua con respecto al género. En particular, las hembras consumieron más sucralosa que los machos. Sin embargo, el grupo experimental expuesto a la sucralosa mostró un consumo más alto en comparación con el grupo expuesto al agua. Estos resultados mostraron que la exposición al sabor de la sucralosa desde la lactancia, influyó en el consumo habitual de líquidos en las hembras. Los animales expuestos a la sucralosa desde la lactancia mostraron un aumento en el consumo de sucralosa después de la ingesta de agua. Esta evidencia demuestra el papel que tiene la exposición temprana a sabores específicos en los patrones de consumo en la edad adulta. Además, es posible señalar la importancia del aprendizaje a una edad temprana como una herramienta para prevenir el desarrollo de patologías alimentarias.