[Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) on T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and possible mechanism of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and provide experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of T-ALL. METHODS: Jurkat cells were treated with different concentrations of DMF for 24 hours, and then the proportion and absolute count of Ki67-positive Jurkat cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the protein levels of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 in Jurkat cells treated with DMF for 24 hours were evaluated by Western blot. Nrf2 proteins were co-immunoprecipitated in Jurkat cells, and then HACE1 protein was assessed by Western blot. Plasmids of Flag-Nrf2 and different gradients of Flag-HACE1 were transfected into HEK293T cells, and the levels of Flag-Nrf2 were detected by Western blot after 48 hours. RESULTS: DMF could significantly inhibit the proportion and absolute count of Ki67-positive Jurkat cells, and DMF inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9595, r=0.9054). DMF could significantly up-regulate the protein levels of Nrf2 and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 in Jurkat cells (P<0.01, P<0.01). HACE1 physically interacted with Nrf2 in Jurkat cells. Overexpression of Flag-HACE1 significantly increased the protein level of Flag-Nrf2 in a dose-dependent manner (r=0.9771). CONCLUSION: DMF inhibits the proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell. The mechanism may be that, DMF significantly up-regulates the protein levels of Nrf2 and E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1, and HACE1 interacts with Nrf2 and positively regulates Nrf2 protein level.

Study on the effectiveness and safety of Xingpi Yanger granule combined with Saccharomyces boulardii for rotavirus enteritis in children: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine preparation XPYEG combined with SBI and SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and to provide the reference in drugs for the clinical treatment of children with rotavirus enteritis. METHODS: Retrieving the English databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase; Chinese databases: CNKI, CBM and WANFANG Data. Retrieving a randomized controlled trial of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC. The retrieval time is from the above database until September 2020. The retrieval strategy of combining free words and subject words is adopted, and the references included in the literature are searched manually in accordance with the literature studied in this paper and not included in the above database. Two researchers screen the literature according to the literature inclusion and exclusion criteria, extract valid data and evaluate the quality of the literature, and cross-check it. Using the RevMan 5.3 software to conduct the meta-analysis on the main outcome and secondary outcome indicators of the included literature, while assessing the evidence quality of included study. RESULTS: The effectiveness and safety of XPYEG and SBI in the treatment of REC are presented through the main and secondary outcome indicators. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/3QSZG. CONCLUSION: This study will conclude whether the combination of XPYEG and SBI is more effective than SBI alone in the treatment of REC, and whether the medication increases the risk of adverse reactions compared with single medication. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not involve the specific patients, and all research data comes from publicly available professional literature, so an ethics committee is not required to conduct an ethical review and approval of the study.

Angiotensin II enhances the proliferation of Natural Killer/T-cell lymphoma cells via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

The present study was to determine the roles of Angiotensin (Ang) II in the growth of lymphoma in nude mice and the proliferation and viability of the human Natural Killer/T (NK/T)-cell lymphoma cell line SNK-6, and the activation of downstream signaling pathway. Lymphoma samples and corresponding normal tissues were obtained from lymphoma patients. Proliferation of SNK-6 cells was detected by CCK8 or MTT assay. The levels of Ang II and its receptor Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were higher in lymphoma tissues than those in control tissues. Ang II increased the lymphoma volume and size in nude mice, the proliferation and viability and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 levels of SNK-6 cells. Losartan, an antagonist of AT1R, reduced lymphoma volume and size in nude mice, and the proliferation and viability and the PCNA and Ki67 levels of SNK-6 cells. The levels of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) were increased by Ang II and then reduced by losartan in SNK-6 cells. The proliferation and viability of SNK-6 cells were increased by Ang II, but these increases were inhibited by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and Akt inhibitor MK2206. The increases of PCNA and Ki67 induced by Ang II were inhibited by wortmannin or MK2206 in SNK-6 cells. These results indicate that Ang II/AT1R is activated in lymphoma, and Ang II promotes the progression of lymphoma in nude mice and the proliferation and viability of SNK-6 cells via activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Comparison in enantioseparation performance of chiral stationary phases prepared from chitosans of different sources and molecular weights.

The aim of the present study was to compare the enantioseparation performance of chiral stationary phases (CSPs) which were derived from chitosans of different sources and molecular weights. Therefore, chitosans of shrimp and crab shells were prepared. The viscosity-average molecular weights of the chitosans both prepared from shrimp and crab shells were 2.8 × 105 and 1.4 × 105. The chitosans were isobutyrylated yielding isopropylcarbonyl chitosans which were then derivatized with 4-methylphenyl isocyanate to provide chitosan 3,6-bis(4-methylphenylcarbamate)-2-(isobutyrylamide)s. The chitosan 3,6-bis(4-methylphenylcarbamate)-2-(isobutyrylamide)s were used as chiral selectors (CSs) with which the corresponding CSPs were prepared. With the same chiral analytes and under the same mobile phase conditions, the enantioseparation capability of the CSPs was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. In two CSs prepared from the same source, the one with higher molecular weight showed better enantioseparation capability; in two CSs prepared with the chitosans of the same molecular weight, the one derived from shrimp shell exhibited better performance. With regard to the two shrimp chitosan CSs, most of chiral analytes interacted more strongly with the one with lower molecular weight, and an opposite trend was found for the two crab chitosan CSs. Based on the results observed in the present study and in previous work, we believe that the influence of molecular weight on CSP enantioseparation performance is related to the substituent introduced in the CS molecule.

Structure screening and performance restoration of chiral separation materials based on chitosan derivatives.

In order to screen chiral selector structure and find structure-property relationship, ten chitosan 3,6-bis(phenylcarbamate)-2-(cyclopropylformamide)s were synthesized from which corresponding chiral stationary phases were prepared. Enantioseparation capability and mobile phase tolerability of the chiral stationary phases were evaluated. The chiral selectors with 3-chloro-4-methylphenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl and 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl groups demonstrated powerful enantioseparation capability. Enantioseparation capability was found to be dependent on a match between the substituent at C2 and the one attached to phenyl group at C3/C6 of glucose unit in the chitosan derivatives. Moreover, the tolerability tests revealed that the developed chiral stationary phases were highly tolerable to pure ethyl acetate, pure acetone and n-hexane/tetrahydrofuran of various ratios. In addition, n-hexane/tetrahydrofuran was found to be a modifier to adjust suprastructure of the chitosan derivatives, resulting in an improvement or restoration in enantioseparation. This observation implies n-hexane/tetrahydrofuran may make a damaged chiral selector restore its enantioseparation capability.

Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled ZJ0712, a novel strobilurin fungicide.

ZJ0712, a broad-spectrum fungicidal ingredient of strobilurin, exhibits a high protective and curative activity against plant pathogenic fungi. To support the study on its metabolism, residue, environmental behavior, and fate for safety evaluation, two versions of carbon-14 labeled ZJ0712, methyl (E)-2-(2-((2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-3-methoxy[2-14 C]acrylate (2) and methyl (E)-2-(2-((2,5-dimethyl[phenyl-U-14 C6 ]phenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate (3), were synthesized from barium [14 C]carbonate in 6-step yield of 47% and from 2,5-dimethyl[phenyl-U-14 C6 ]phenol in the yield of 91%, respectively.

[MIL-88A@MIP Activated Persulfate for Targeted Degradation of Dibutyl Phthalate].

MIL-88A@MIP was fabricated for the first time in this experiment with a metal-organic framework of MIL-88A as the precursor based on the molecular imprinting method. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and N2 adsorption. The catalytic performance of MIL-88A@MIP was tested to activate persulfate (PS) to generate SO4-· for the degradation of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), which was used as a target pollutant. Compared with the precursor MIL-88A, the catalytic activity of MIL-88A@MIP was improved effectively through targeted modification, and the DBP removal rate increased 80.4% after reacting for 480 min. An experiment determining the influencing factors showed that the optimum activation condition of the catalyst was PS:DBP=600:1, MIL-88A@MIP dosage of 0.5 g·L-1,and pH=3.26. Furthermore, MIL-88A@MIP shows a high capability of removing different phthalic acid ester (PAE) contaminants that reflect its targeting selectivity.

Hydropericardium syndrome outbreak caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 in China in 2015.

There have been many outbreaks of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), which is characterized by pericardial effusion and hepatitis, in Chinese chicken farms since June 2015. HPS was mainly found in miscellaneous meat-type chickens, Ma chickens, layer chicks and Three-yellow chickens, while it was occasionally found in white broilers. To determine the specific causative pathogen and pathogenicity of HPS in chickens, we collected 25 suspected cases and performed clinical pathology and aetiology analyses. The results showed that the 25 cases exhibited multifocal hepatitis with intra-nuclear inclusion bodies and 70 nm-latticed viral particles in the cell nuclei. All samples were positive for fowl adenovirus (FAdV), and sequencing results showed that the hexon gene shared the highest nucleotide similarities with the hexon gene of group 1 serotype 4 (FAdV-4). FAdV-4 was highly pathogenic to embryos and specific pathogen-free chickens, causing 100 and 70 % mortality rates, respectively. Thus, FAdV-4 is associated with HPS outbreaks in China.

Visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery.

AIM: To investigate the visual impact of sub-Tenon anesthesia during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy surgery. METHODS: In this prospective case series, consecutive patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) under sub-Tenon anesthesia between October 2008 and September 2009 were enrolled. The patients were asked whether they could see the light of the operating microscope or not between various surgical steps with their contralateral eye being covered. RESULTS: A total of 163 eyes of 163 patients were enrolled in this study. After their contralateral eyes were covered, 152 (93.3%) patients said that they could not see any light at least during one of the surgical steps. All eyes recovered to at least light perception on the first postoperative day. The incidence of no light perception during the surgery was not related to demographic factors, including age, gender, or type of ocular diseases. CONCLUSION: The incidence of no light perception during combined phacoemulsification and vitrectomy under sub-Tenon anesthesia was high in our study. Patients should be duly informed about this temporary but potential intraoperative event.

Detecting deep divergence in seventeen populations of tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout) in China by COI mtDNA and cross-breeding.

The tea geometrid (Ectropis obliqua Prout, Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is a dominant chewing insect endemic in most tea-growing areas in China. Recently some E. obliqua populations have been found to be resistant to the nucleopolyhedrovirus (EoNPV), a host-specific virus that has so far been found only in E. obliqua. Although the resistant populations are morphologically indistinguishable from susceptible populations, we conducted a nationwide collection and examined the genetic divergence in the COI region of the mtDNA in E. obliqua. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA in 17 populations revealed two divergent clades with genetic distance greater than 3.7% between clades and less than 0.7% within clades. Therefore, we suggest that E. obliqua falls into two distinct groups. Further inheritance analyses using reciprocal single-pair mating showed an abnormal F1 generation with an unbalanced sex ratio and the inability to produce fertile eggs (or any eggs) through F1 self-crossing. These data revealed a potential cryptic species complex with deep divergence and reproductive isolation within E. obliqua. Uneven distribution of the groups suggests a possible geographic effect on the divergence. Future investigations will be conducted to examine whether EoNPV selection or other factors prompted the evolution of resistance.

[Impact of the waist circumference change on new onset of diabetes in the population with impaired fasting glucose].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of the waist circumference change on new onset diabetes (NOD) in the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) population. METHODS: A total of 12 657 subjects who took part in the health examination from 2006 to 2007 and from 2010 to 2011 from the employees of Kailuan Group and met the inclusion criteria were selected as the observation cohort.Of the 12 657 subjects, 10 697 were male, 1960 were female, with age of (49.9 ± 11.3) years old. According to the baseline waist circumference (WC) measurements and its quartile in the health examinations during 2006 to 2007, the observation population was divided into four groups (first, second, third and the fourth quartile groups) . Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the relation between the increasing of WC and NOD. RESULTS: The incidences in the IFG population of NOD were 4.27% (1884/12 657) in the total population;4.25% (1581/10 697) in male and 4.44% (303/1960) in females, respectively (P < 0.05) . Along with increasing WC in the 4 quartile groups, the incidences of NOD was progressively increased, which were 2.19% (235/3083) , 3.07% (333/3114) , 4.47% (473/3037) and 7.08% (843/3423) , respectively;2.34% (213/2626) , 3.06% (282/2645) , 4.37% (393/2582), 7.00% (693/2844) in males and 1.38% (22/457) , 3.12% (51/469) , 5.05% (80/455) , 7.45% (150/579) in female (P < 0.05) . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the first quartile group, the second, third and fourth quartile group had increased risk of NOD after adjusting for age, gender and other risk factors, the OR (95%CI) values were 1.38(1.13-1.68), 1.79 (1.47-2.09) and 3.10 (2.57-3.75), respectively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of NOD in the IFG population increased as the WC increased.

[Characteristics of SRAP marker in detecting polymorphism of cucumber genome].

When SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) marker was used in constructing genetic map and analyzing QTL for high temperature resistance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), it exhibited certain characteristics in detecting genomic polymorphism. When each forward primer was combined with different reverse primers, the number of primer combinations that produced polymorphism ranged from five to eight. When each reverse primer was in combination with different forward primers, the number of polymorphic primer combinations ranged from two to eleven. The reverse primers SA4 or EM6 produced identical polymorphic bands when combined with all the forward primers tested. These bands might be amplified by the reverse primers. The polymorphic bands amplified from OD3ME11 co-segregated in the F2 population. The utilization of these characteristics in our research was discussed.