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Besides their limited preservation capacity and low biosafety, traditional fruit preservation procedures exacerbate "white pollution" because they utilize excessive plastic. Herein, an environmentally friendly one-pot method was developed to obtain degradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), where the hydroxyl radicals generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron ions functioned to oxidize PVA. The oxidized PVA (OPVA-1.0) with abundant ketone groups, reduced crystallinity, and short molecular chains was completely degraded into H2O and CO2 after being buried in the soil for â¼60 days. An improvement in its degradation rate did not weaken the mechanical properties of OPVA-1.0 compared to other modified PVA films because the adverse effect of decreased crystallinity on its mechanical performance was offset by its ion coordination. Alternatively, the tensile strength or toughness of OPVA-1.0 was enhanced due to its internal multi-level interactions including molecular chain entanglement, hydrogen bonding, and metal coordination bonds. More interestingly, OPVA-1.0 was water-welded into various products in a recyclable way owing to its reversible physical bonds, where it was sprayed, dipped, or brushed conformally onto different perishable fruits to delay their ripening by 5-14 days. Based on the cellular biocompatibility and biosafety evaluations in mice, OPVA-1.0 obtained by the facile oxidation strategy was demonstrated to alleviate "white pollution" and delay the ripening of fruits effectively.
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Episyrphus balteatus can provide dual ecosystem services including pest control and pollination, which the larvae are excellent predators of aphid pest whereas adults are efficient pollinator. In this study, we assembled a high-quality genome of E. balteatus from northern China geographical population at the chromosome level by using Illumina, PacBio long reads, and Hi-C technologies. The 467.42 Mb genome was obtained from 723 contigs, with a contig N50 of 9.16 Mb and Scaffold N50 of 118.85 Mb, and 90.25% (431.75 Mb) of the assembly was anchored to 4 pseudo-autosomes and one pseudo-heterosome. In total, 14,848 protein-coding genes were annotated, and 95.14% of genes were fully represented in NR, GO, KEGG databases. Besides, we also obtained the mitochondrial genome of E. balteatus of 16, 837 bp in length with 37 typical mitochondrial genes. Overall, this high-quality genome is valuable for evolutionary and genetic studies of E. balteatus and other Syrphidae hoverfly species.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Genome, Insect , Genome, Mitochondrial , Animals , Diptera/genetics , China , Chromosomes, Insect/geneticsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to compare early postoperative patient-reported outcomes between multiportal robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (M-RATS) and uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (U-VATS) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Symptom severity and functional status were measured using the Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Lung Surgery at pre-surgery, during postoperative hospitalisation, and within 4 weeks of discharge. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis of patients with NSCLC who were treated with M-RATS and U-VATS was performed. The symptom severity and daily functional status presented as proportion of moderate-to-severe scores on a 0-10-point scale, were compared using a generalised estimation equation model. RESULTS: We enrolled 762 patients with NSCLC from a prospective cohort (CN-PRO-Lung 3), including 151 and 611 who underwent M-RATS and U-VATS, respectively, before PSM analysis. After 1:1 PSM, two groups of 148 patients each were created. Pain severity (P = 0.019) and activity limitation (P = 0.001) during hospitalisation were higher in the M-RATS group. However, no significant differences existed post-discharge in pain (P = 0.383), cough (P = 0.677), shortness of breath (P = 0.526), disturbed sleep (P = 0.525), drowsiness (P = 0.304), fatigue (P = 0.153), distress (P = 0.893), walking difficulty (P = 0.242), or activity limitation (P = 0.513). M-RATS caused less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.013), more stations of dissected lymph nodes (P = 0.001), more numbers of dissected lymph nodes (P = 0.001), and less tube drainage on the first postoperative day (P = 0.003) than U-VATS. CONCLUSION: M-RATS and U-VATS achieved comparable symptom burden and functional impairment after discharge. However, compared to U-VATS, M-RATS was associated with more severe pain and activity limitation in the short postoperative period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR2000033016.
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OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40) and stroke-specific mortality at two years in acute ischemic stroke patients according to the drinking status and amount of alcohol consumption. We further investigated the effect of the interaction between these conditions and YKL-40 levels on the outcome. METHODS: We measured plasma YKL-40 levels in 3267 participants from the China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Outcome data on stroke-specific mortality were collected at two years after stroke onset. RESULTS: During the two years of follow-up, 208 (6.4 %) patients, including 44 drinkers and 164 nondrinkers, died of stroke-specific causes. The patients in the highest quartile of YKL-40 had a 3.52-fold (95 % CI: 1.15-10.76, P for trend = 0.006) risk of stroke-specific mortality compared with those in the lowest quartile among drinkers. However, no significant association between YKL-40 and the outcome was observed among nondrinkers (HR: 1.18, 95 % CI: 0.75-1.86, P for trend = 0.08). Alcohol drinking modified the effect of YKL-40 on the outcome (P for interaction = 0.04). Subgroup analyses revealed that each 1-unit increase in log-transformed YKL-40 was associated with a 72 % greater risk of stroke-specific mortality for light drinkers. This association was amplified with a 226 % increased risk of the outcome among heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated YKL-40 levels were associated with an increased risk of stroke-specific mortality at two years among drinkers with ischemic stroke. Drinking status substantially modified the effect of plasma YKL-40 levels on the outcome. This effect was amplified with the increased amount of alcohol consumption. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; Unique identifier: NCT01840072.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 , Ischemic Stroke , Humans , Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1/blood , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Alcohol Drinking/blood , Alcohol Drinking/mortality , Aged , Ischemic Stroke/blood , Ischemic Stroke/mortality , China/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Follow-Up StudiesABSTRACT
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by significant treatment resistance. Palmitic acid (PA) has shown promising antitumor properties. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which PA influences DLBCL progression. We quantified the expression levels of microRNAs (miRNAs), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in both untreated and PA-treated DLBCL tumors and cell lines. Assessments were made of cell viability, apoptosis, and autophagy-related protein expression following PA administration. Interaction analyses among miR-429, DNMT3A, and FOXO1 were conducted using luciferase reporter assays and methylation-specific (MSP) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After transfecting the miR-429 inhibitor, negative control (NC) inhibitor, shRNA against DNMT3A (sh-DNMT3A), shRNA negative control (sh-NC), overexpression vector for DNMT3A (oe-DNMT3A), or overexpression negative control (oe-NC), we evaluated the effects of miR-429 and DNMT3A on cell viability, mortality, and autophagy-related protein expression in PA-treated DLBCL cell lines. The efficacy of PA was also tested in vivo using DLBCL tumor-bearing mouse models. MiR-429 and FOXO1 expression levels were downregulated, whereas DNMT3A was upregulated in DLBCL compared to the control group. PA treatment was associated with enhanced autophagy, mediated by the upregulation of miR-429 and downregulation of DNMT3A. The luciferase reporter assay and MSP confirmed that miR-429 directly inhibits DNMT3A, thereby reducing FOXO1 methylation. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that PA promotes autophagy and inhibits DLBCL progression by upregulating miR-429 and modulating the DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. In vivo PA significantly reduced the growth of xenografted tumors through its regulatory impact on the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 axis. Palmitic acid may modulate autophagy and inhibit DLBCL progression by targeting the miR-429/DNMT3A/FOXO1 signaling pathway, suggesting a novel therapeutic target for DLBCL management.
Subject(s)
DNA Methyltransferase 3A , Forkhead Box Protein O1 , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , MicroRNAs , Palmitic Acid , MicroRNAs/genetics , MicroRNAs/metabolism , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism , Humans , Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics , Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism , Animals , Mice , Palmitic Acid/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Methylation/drug effects , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/metabolism , Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects , Mice, Nude , Male , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Female , Apoptosis/drug effects , Autophagy/drug effects , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
Baihe Gujin decoction is one of the most commonly used decoction in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of lung cancer. It can nourish yin and moisten the lung as well as prevent phlegm from forming and stop coughing. On the one hand, Baihe Gujin decoction is characterized with extensive application, proven efficacy, a long history, and high safety. On the other hand, Baihe Gujin decoction can induce apoptosis of tumor cells, improve immune function and inhibit inflammation. The main anti-tumor components of this include kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, glycyrrhizin and ß-sitosterol. Clinically, Baihe Gujin decoction can improve the adverse reactions caused by radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy for lung cancer, enhance the quality of life of patients, and prolong their survival time. At present, there are a large number of clinical and basic researches on the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction. In this paper, we mainly discussed the treatment of lung cancer with Baihe Gujin decoction through analyzing basic and clinical researches at home and abroad in the past 20 years. Through the discussion, we aimed to probe deeper into Baihe Gujin decoction for the treatment of lung cancer, thereby providing a broader idea for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
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Thrombolytic enzymes constitute a class of proteases with antithrombotic functions. Derived from natural products and abundant in nature, certain thrombolytic enzymes, such as urokinase, earthworm kinase, and streptokinase, have been widely used in the clinical treatment of vascular embolic diseases. Fly maggots, characterized by their easy growth and low cost, are a traditional Chinese medicine recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica. These maggots can also be used as raw material for the extraction and preparation of thrombolytic enzymes (maggot kinase). In this review, we assembled global research reports on natural thrombolytic enzymes through a literature search and reviewed the functions and structures of natural thrombolytic enzymes to provide a reference for natural thrombophilic drug screening and development.
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Phototherapy has garnered significant attention in the past decade. Photothermal and photodynamic synergistic therapy combined with NIR fluorescence imaging has been one of the most attractive treatment options because of the deep tissue penetration, high selectivity and excellent therapeutic effect. Benefiting from the superb photometrics and ease of modification, perylene diimide (PDI) and its derivatives have been employed as sensing probes and therapeutic agents in the biological and biomedical research fields, and exhibiting excellent potential. Herein, we reported the development of a novel organic small-molecule phototherapeutic agent, PDI-TN. The absorption of PDI-TN extends into the NIR region, which provides feasibility for NIR phototherapy. PDI-TN overcomes the traditional Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) effect and exhibits typical characteristics of Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE). Subsequently, PDI-TN NPs were obtained by using an amphiphilic triblock copolymer F127 to encapsulate PDI-TN. Interestingly, the PDI-TN NPs not only exhibit satisfactory photothermal effects, but also can generate O2â¢- and 1O2 through type I and type II pathways, respectively. Additionally, the PDI-TN NPs emit strong fluorescence in the NIR-II region, and show outstanding therapeutic potential for in vivo NIR-II fluorescence imaging. To our knowledge, PDI-TN is the first PDI derivative used for NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic and photothermal synergistic therapy, which suggests excellent potential for future biological/biomedical applications.
Subject(s)
Imides , Optical Imaging , Perylene , Photochemotherapy , Perylene/analogs & derivatives , Perylene/chemistry , Perylene/pharmacology , Perylene/therapeutic use , Imides/chemistry , Imides/therapeutic use , Photochemotherapy/methods , Humans , Optical Imaging/methods , Animals , Mice , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/therapeutic use , Photothermal Therapy , Infrared Rays , Cell Line, TumorABSTRACT
Mediastinal haemangiomas pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges owing to their rarity and complex anatomy. A 36-year-old man, with a history of smoking and drinking, presented with a posterior mediastinal mass with back pain. Initial investigations suggested a lymphangioma. However, owing to persistent symptoms and complex pathology, we performed surgical intervention involving open resection of the tumour, which was closely associated with the descending aorta and extended into the right posterior mediastinum. The surgical approach was influenced by the proximity of the tumour to vital structures, necessitating an open procedure. Postoperative complications included chylothorax, managed with a fat-free diet. The final pathological diagnosis was consistent with a benign vascular tumour with a low proliferative rate. Two months post-surgery, computed tomography revealed no complications, and the patient's pain had decreased. A multidisciplinary approach and surgical intervention played important roles in the diagnosis and treatment of this posterior mediastinal haemangioma.
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Near-eye displays are widely recognized as a groundbreaking technological advancement with the potential to significantly impact daily life. Within the realm of near-eye displays, micro-LEDs have emerged as a highly promising technology owing to their exceptional optical performance, compact form factor, and low power consumption. However, a notable challenge in integrating micro-LEDs into near-eye displays is the efficient light collimation across a wide spectrum range. In this paper, we propose what we believe to be a novel design of a broadband beam collimation metasurface for full-color micro-LEDs by harnessing wavefront phase modulation based on Huygens' principle. Our results demonstrate a substantial reduction in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) angles, achieving a reduction to 1/10, 1/10, and 1/20 for red, green, and blue micro-LEDs compared to those without the metasurface, which is the best collimation result as far as we know. The central light intensity increases by 24.60, 36.49, and 42.15 times. Furthermore, the significant enhancement in the light energy within ±10° is achieved, with the respective multiplication factors of 14.16, 15.60, and 13.00. This metasurface has the potential to revolutionize the field by enabling high-performance, compact, and lightweight micro-LED displays, with applications in near-eye displays, micro-projectors, and beyond.
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BACKGROUND: Analysis of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offers valuable insights into distinguishing the effects of closely related medical procedures from the patient's perspective. In this study we compared symptom burden in patients undergoing uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy and wedge resection for peripheral small-sized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This study included patients with peripheral NSCLC from an ongoing longitudinal prospective cohort study (CN-PRO-Lung 3) who underwent segmentectomy or wedge resection with tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm and consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) ≤ 0.5. PROs data were collected using the Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Lung Surgery questionnaire pre-operatively, daily post-surgery up to the fourth hospitalization day, and weekly post-discharge up to the fourth week. Propensity score matching and a generalized estimation equation model were employed to compare symptom severity. In addition, short-term clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: In total, data of 286 patients (82.4%) undergoing segmentectomy and 61 patients (17.6%) undergoing wedge resection were extracted from the cohort. No statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of moderate-to-severe symptoms and mean scores for pain, cough, shortness of breath, disturbed sleep, fatigue, drowsiness, and distress during the 4-day postoperative hospitalization or the 4-week post-discharge period before or after matching (all p > 0.05). Compared with segmentectomy, wedge resection showed better short-term clinical outcomes, including shorter operative time (p = 0.001), less intraoperative bleeding (p = 0.046), and lower total hospital costs (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicate that uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy and wedge resection exert similar early postoperative symptom burden in patients with peripheral NSCLC (tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm and CTR ≤ 0.5). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Lung Neoplasms , Humans , Aftercare , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Patient Discharge , Pneumonectomy/methods , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
At present, understanding of neonicotinoid toxicity in arthropods remains limited. We here evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of acetamiprid in F0 and F1 generations of Binodoxys communis using a range of sublethal concentrations. The 10% lethal concentration (LC10) and half lethal concentration (LC25) of ACE had negative effects on the B. communis survival rate, adult longevity, parasitism rate, and emergence rate, and significantly prolonged the duration of the developmental cycle. ACE also had intergenerational effects, with some biological indices affected in the F1 generation after pesticide exposure. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that differentially expressed genes were enriched in specific pathways including the amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, exogenous metabolism, signal transduction, and glutathione metabolism pathways. These results indicated strong contact toxicity of ACE to B. communis, which may inhibit their biological control capacity. These results improve our understanding of the toxicological mechanisms of parasitic natural enemies in response to insecticide exposure.
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Thrips are devastating pests for various crops, and they can rasp tender leaves, terminal buds, and flowers, which specifically causing huge economic losses to cotton production. However, there is very little knowledge about the species composition of thrips in mainland China, as well as the genetic structure of the thrips populations, particularly in the cotton-producing regions. In this study, thrips were collected from 40 geographical locations at 8 different provinces which representing majority cotton-producing belts in China, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence was used to identify species composition and evaluate the genetic diversity of collected thrips individuals. Based on experimental results proven that overall, 10 and 8 species of thrips were identified in seedling and flowering stage respectively, which is corresponding dominant species are Thrip tabaci (Lindeman) and Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom). Genetically, 24 haplotypes were identified in 310 T. tabaci individuals from 10 locations, and 263 haplotypes were detected in 1,861 F. intonsa individuals from 40 locations. Hap1 (T. tabaci) is the most widely distributed haplotype among all the T. tabaci samples. Likewise, Hap 2 is the most widely distributed and abundant haplotype among all samples of F. intonsa. The genetic differentiation degrees of T. tabaci between SXYC population and other 9 populations were high, but its gene flow in these 10 regions was relatively low, which might be due to geographical barriers. The Mantel tests showed no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance of the 2 thrip species. Demographic analysis results showed that both T. tabaci and F. intonsa experienced population expansion in China. Taken together, this study identifies the species composition of thrips in major cotton-producing regions at different growth periods and evaluates effects of geomorphology on the geographical distribution of haplotypes of dominant thrips T. tabaci and F. intonsa.
Subject(s)
Electron Transport Complex IV , Genetic Variation , Gossypium , Thysanoptera , Animals , Thysanoptera/genetics , China , Gossypium/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , HaplotypesABSTRACT
Micro-LED is considered an emerging display technology with significant potential for high resolution, brightness, and energy efficiency in display applications. However, its decreasing pixel size and complex manufacturing process create challenges for its integration with driving units. Recently, researchers have proposed various methods to achieve highly integrated micro-structures with driving unit. Researchers take advantage of the high performance of the transistors to achieve low power consumption, high current gain, and fast response frequency. This paper gives a review of recent studies on the new integration methods of micro-LEDs with different types of transistors, including the integration with BJT, HEMT, TFT, and MOSFET.
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This study addresses the critical challenge in alkaline direct formate fuel cells (DFFCs) of slow formate oxidation reaction (FOR) kinetics as a result of strong hydrogen intermediate (Had) adsorption on Pd catalysts. We developed WO3-supported Pd nanoparticles (EG-Pd/WO3) via an organic reduction method using ethylene glycol (EG), aiming to modulate the d-band center of Pd and alter Had adsorption dynamics. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated significantly improved Had desorption kinetics in EG-Pd/WO3 catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the presence of EG reduces the d-band center of Pd, leading to weaker Pd-H bonds and enhanced Had desorption during the FOR. This research provides a new approach to optimize catalyst efficiency in DFFCs, highlighting the potential for more effective and sustainable energy solutions through advanced material engineering.
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BACKGROUND: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare and highly malignant type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for which the treatment of choice is surgery. For peripheral PSC growing outward and invading the chest wall, a complete resection of the affected lung lobes and the invaded chest wall can improve long-term prognosis. However, when the extent of the resected chest wall is large, reconstruction is often required to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Here, we present a case of PSC invading the chest wall treated with successful extended radical resection for lung cancer and chest wall reconstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old male patient with a nodule in the right upper lobe that had been identified on physical examination 2 years before presentation presented to our hospital with a recent cough, expectoration, and chest pain. Imaging revealed a mass in the right upper lobe that had invaded the chest wall. Preoperative puncture pathology revealed poorly differentiated NSCLC. We performed extended radical resection for lung cancer under open surgery and reconstructed the chest wall using stainless steel wire and polypropylene meshes. The procedure was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 7 days postoperatively. Furthermore, the final pathology revealed PSC. CONCLUSIONS: This case underscores the feasibility of surgical R0 resection in patients with PSC with chest wall invasion and no lymph node metastasis, potentially enhancing long-term outcomes. The novel aspect of this case lies in the individualized chest wall reconstruction for a large defect, using cost-effective materials that offered satisfactory structural support and postoperative recovery, thereby providing a valuable reference for similar future surgical interventions.
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Introduction: Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in cotton field causes soil and water pollution as well as significant increase of aphid population. Reasonable fertilization is an important approach to improve agricultural production efficiency and reduce agriculture-derived pollutions. This study was aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the Bt cotton physiological characteristics and the growth and development of A. gossypii, a sap-sucking cotton pest. Methods: Five different levels of Ca(NO3)2 (0.0 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg, 2.7 g/kg and 8.1 g/kg) were applied into vermiculite as nitrogen fertilizer in order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and development of Bt cotton and aphids. Results: The results showed that the medium level of nitrogen fertilizer (0.9 g/kg) effectively facilitated the growth of Bt cotton plant and suppressed the population expansion of aphids, whereas high and extremely high nitrogen application (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) significantly increased the population size of aphids. Both high and low nitrogen application benefited aphid growth in multiple aspects such as prolonging nymph period and adult lifespan, enhancing fecundity, and improving adult survival rate by elevating soluble sugar content in host Bt cotton plants. Cotton leaf Bt toxin content in medium nitrogen group (0.9 g/kg) was significantly higher than that in high (2.7 and 8.1 g/kg) and low (0.3 g/kg) nitrogen groups, but Bt toxin content in aphids was very low in all the nitrogen treatment groups, suggesting that medium level (0.9 g/kg) might be the optimal nitrogen fertilizer treatment level for promoting cotton seedling growth and inhibiting aphids. Discussion: Overall, this study provides insight into trophic interaction among nitrogen fertilizer levels, Bt cotton, and cotton aphid, and reveals the multiple effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth and development of cotton and aphids. Our findings will contribute to the optimization of the integrated management of Bt cotton and cotton aphids under nitrogen fertilization.
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In order to avoid the time-consuming and laborious identification of tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) during the traditional vaccine fabrication process, a versatile photodynamic therapy (PDT)-based method is developed to construct a whole-tumor antigen tumor vaccine (TV) from surgically resected tumor tissues for personalized immunotherapy. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles containing small-molecular photosensitizer are fabricated and directly co-incubated with suspended tumor cells obtained after cytoreduction surgery. After irradiation with a 405 nm laser, potent immunogenic cell death of cancer cells could be induced. Along with the release of TSAs, the as-prepared TV could activate safe and robust tumor-specific immune responses, leading to efficient suppression of postsurgery tumor recurrence and metastasis. The as-prepared TV cannot only be applied alone through various administration routes but also synergize with immunoadjuvant, chemotherapeutics, and immune checkpoint blockers to exert more potent immune responses. This work provides an alternative way to promote the clinical translation of PDT, which is generally restricted by the limited penetration of light. Moreover, the versatile strategy of vaccine fabrication also facilitates the clinical application of personalized whole-cell tumor vaccines.
Subject(s)
Cancer Vaccines , Neoplasm Metastasis , Photochemotherapy , Photochemotherapy/methods , Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use , Animals , Humans , Precision Medicine/methods , Cell Line, Tumor , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Photosensitizing Agents/chemistry , Mice , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology , Immunotherapy/methods , FemaleABSTRACT
Direct formate fuel cells have gained traction due to their eco-friendly credentials and inherent safety. However, their potential is hampered by the kinetic challenges of the formate oxidation reaction (FOR) on Pd-based catalysts, chiefly due to the unfavorable adsorption of hydrogen species (Had). These species clog the active sites, hindering efficient catalysis. Here, we introduce a straightforward strategy to remedy this bottleneck by incorporating Pd with Cu to expedite the removal of Pd-Had in alkaline media. Notably, Cu plays a pivotal role in bolstering the concentration of hydroxyl adsorbates (OHad) on the surface of catalyst. These OHad species can react with Had, effectively unblocking the active sites for FOR. The as-synthesized catalyst of PdCu/C exhibits a superior FOR performance, boasting a remarkable mass activity of 3.62 A mg-1. Through CO-stripping voltammetry, we discern that the presence of Cu in Pd markedly speeds up the formation of adsorbed hydroxyl species (OHad) at diminished potentials. This, in turn, aids the oxidative removal of Pd-Had, leveraging a synergistic mechanism during FOR. Density functional theory computations further reveal intensified interactions between adsorbed oxygen species and intermediates, underscoring that the Cu-Pd interface exhibits greater oxyphilicity compared to pristine Pd. In this study, we present both experimental and theoretical corroborations, unequivocally highlighting that the integrated copper species markedly amplify the generation of OHad, ensuring efficient removal of Had. This work paves the way, shedding light on the strategic design of high-performing FOR catalysts.
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BACKGROUND: While the role of low-dose computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer screening is established, its limitations in detailing pulmonary vascular variations are less emphasized. Three-dimensional reconstruction technology allows surgeons to reconstruct a patient's bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures using CT scan results. However, low-dose CT may not provide the same level of clarity as enhanced CT in displaying pulmonary vascular details. This limitation can be unfavorable for preoperative detection of potential pulmonary vascular variations, especially in cases involving planned segmentectomy. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 58-year-old female with lung cancer, initially planned for Da Vinci robot-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy. Unexpectedly, during surgery, a pulmonary vein variation in the right upper lobe was discovered, leading to a change in the surgical method to a lobectomy. The patient had four variant right upper lobe veins draining into the superior vena cava and one into the left atrium. The surgery was complicated by significant bleeding and postoperative pulmonary congestion. Postoperative pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of meticulous intraoperative exploration, particularly in cases involving planned segmentectomy, as unexpected pulmonary vein variations can significantly affect surgical decision-making. While three-dimensional reconstruction based on preoperative CT data is a valuable tool, it may not capture the full complexity of the anatomical variations. We discuss potential preoperative imaging techniques, including contrast-enhanced CT and CT angiography, as methods to better identify these variations. The enhanced visualization provided by robot-assisted surgery plays a crucial role in identifying and adapting to these variations, underscoring the advantages of this surgical approach. Our report contributes to the existing literature by providing a detailed account of how these principles were applied in a real-world scenario, reinforcing the need for surgical adaptability and awareness of the limitations of low-dose CT in complex cases.