High-intensity interval training improves fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff through the ß3 adrenergic receptor in mice.

Aims: Rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration affect the clinical outcomes of rotator cuff tear patients. However, there is no effective treatment for fatty infiltration at this time. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) helps to activate beige adipose tissue. The goal of this study was to test the role of HIIT in improving muscle quality in a rotator cuff tear model via the ß3 adrenergic receptor (ß3AR). Methods: Three-month-old C57BL/6 J mice underwent a unilateral rotator cuff injury procedure. Mice were forced to run on a treadmill with the HIIT programme during the first to sixth weeks or seventh to 12th weeks after tendon tear surgery. To study the role of ß3AR, SR59230A, a selective ß3AR antagonist, was administered to mice ten minutes before each exercise through intraperitoneal injection. Supraspinatus muscle, interscapular brown fat, and inguinal subcutaneous white fat were harvested at the end of the 12th week after tendon tear and analyzed biomechanically, histologically, and biochemically. Results: Histological analysis of supraspinatus muscle showed that HIIT improved muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, and contractile force compared to the no exercise group. In the HIIT groups, supraspinatus muscle, interscapular brown fat, and inguinal subcutaneous white fat showed increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and uncoupling protein 1, and upregulated the ß3AR thermogenesis pathway. However, the effect of HIIT was not present in mice injected with SR59230A, suggesting that HIIT affected muscles via ß3AR. Conclusion: HIIT improved supraspinatus muscle quality and function after rotator cuff tears by activating systemic sympathetic nerve fibre near adipocytes and ß3AR.

Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fatty Infiltration After Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair in a Mouse Model.

Background: Fatty infiltration (FI) of the rotator cuff muscles is correlated with shoulder function and retear rates after rotator cuff repair. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) induces beige adipose tissue to express more uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) to consume lipids. The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ß3AR) is located on adipocyte membrane and induces thermogenesis. Purpose: To test the role of HIIT in improving muscle quality and contractility in a delayed rotator cuff repair mouse model via ß3AR. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Three-month-old C57BL/6J mice underwent a unilateral supraspinatus (SS) tendon transection with a 6-week delayed tendon repair. Mice ran on a treadmill with the HIIT program for 6 weeks after tendon transection or after delayed repair. To study the role of ß3AR, SR59230A, a selective ß3AR antagonist, was administered to mice 10 minutes before each exercise through intraperitoneal injection. The SS, interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), and subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT) were harvested at the end of the 12th week after tendon transection and were analyzed by histology and Western blotting. Tests were performed to assess muscle contractility of the SS. Results: Histologic analysis of SS showed that HIIT prevented and reversed muscle atrophy and FI. The contractile tests showed higher contractility of the SS in the HIIT groups than in the no-exercise group. In the HIIT groups, SS, iBAT, and ingWAT all showed increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, UCP1, and upregulated ß3AR thermogenesis pathway. However, SR59230A inhibited HIIT, suggesting that the effect of HIIT depends on ß3AR. Conclusion: HIIT improved SS quality and function after delayed rotator cuff repair through a ß3AR-dependent mechanism. Clinical Relevance: HIIT may serve as a new rehabilitation method for patients with rotator cuff muscle atrophy and FI after rotator cuff repair to improve postoperative clinical outcomes.

Electrochemical hydrogen evolution on Pt-based catalysts from a theoretical perspective.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by splitting water is a key technology toward a clean energy society, where Pt-based catalysts were long known to have the highest activity under acidic electrochemical conditions but suffer from high cost and poor stability. Here, we overview the current status of Pt-catalyzed HER from a theoretical perspective, focusing on the methodology development of electrochemistry simulation, catalytic mechanism, and catalyst stability. Recent developments in theoretical methods for studying electrochemistry are introduced, elaborating on how they describe solid-liquid interface reactions under electrochemical potentials. The HER mechanism, the reaction kinetics, and the reaction sites on Pt are then summarized, which provides an atomic-level picture of Pt catalyst surface dynamics under reaction conditions. Finally, state-of-the-art experimental solutions to improve catalyst stability are also introduced, which illustrates the significance of fundamental understandings in the new catalyst design.

One-Step Synthesis of a Non-Precious-Metal Tris (Fe/N/F)-Doped Carbon Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reactions.

Advancements in inexpensive, efficient, and durable oxygen reduction catalysts is important for maintaining the sustainable development of fuel cells. Although doping carbon materials with transition metals or heteroatomic doping is inexpensive and enhances the electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst, because the charge distribution on its surface is adjusted, the development of a simple method for the synthesis of doped carbon materials remains challenging. Here, a non-precious-metal tris (Fe/N/F)-doped particulate porous carbon material (21P2-Fe1-850) was synthesized by employing a one-step process, using 2-methylimidazole, polytetrafluoroethylene, and FeCl3 as raw materials. The synthesized catalyst exhibited a good oxygen reduction reaction performance with a half-wave potential of 0.85 V in an alkaline medium (compared with 0.84 V of commercial Pt/C). Moreover, it had better stability and methanol resistance than Pt/C. This was mainly attributed to the effect of the tris (Fe/N/F)-doped carbon material on the morphology and chemical composition of the catalyst, thereby enhancing the catalyst's oxygen reduction reaction properties. This work provides a versatile method for the gentle and rapid synthesis of highly electronegative heteroatoms and transition metal co-doped carbon materials.

IL1RAP Knockdown in LPS-Stimulated Normal Human Astrocytes Suppresses LPS-Induced Reactive Astrogliosis and Promotes Neuronal Cell Proliferation.

The reactivation of astrocytes plays a critical role in spinal cord injury (SCI) repairment. In this study, IL1RAP expression has been found to be upregulated in SCI mice spinal cord, SCI astrocytes, and LPS-stimulated NHAs. Genes correlated with IL1RAP were significantly enriched in cell proliferation relative pathways. In LPS-stimulated NHAs, IL1RAP overexpression promoted NHA cell proliferation, decreased PTEN protein levels, and increased the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. IL1RAP overexpression promoted LPS-induced NHA activation and NF-κB signaling activation. Conditioned medium from IL1RAP-overexpressing NHAs inhibited SH-SY5Y cells viability but promoted cell apoptosis. Conclusively, IL1RAP knockdown in LPS-stimulated NHAs could partially suppress LPS-induced reactive astrogliosis, therefore promoting neuronal cell proliferation.

Rotator cuff muscle degeneration in a mouse model of glenohumeral osteoarthritis induced by monoiodoacetic acid.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease of joint degeneration and impaired function. Muscle atrophy, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis are degenerative features of muscle injury and predict poor outcomes in some degenerative and exercise-related injuries. Patients with glenohumeral joint OA usually have rotator cuff muscle degeneration, even though the rotator cuff is intact. However, the mechanism and correlation between OA and degeneration of muscles around joints are still unknown. METHODS: Forty-five 12-month-old C57BL/6J mice received a single injection of monoiodoacetic acid into the right glenohumeral joint. The sham group was injected with saline on the same day in the right glenohumeral joint. Three and 6 weeks after the operation, gait analysis was conducted to evaluate the function of the forelimb. Then, the shoulder joint and supraspinatus muscle were collected for histologic staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and biomechanics test. Correlations between fat area fraction in muscle, percentage wet muscle weight change or Osteoarthritis Research Society International score, and gait analysis/muscle mechanics tests were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient or Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the monoiodoacetic acid group developed significant glenohumeral joint OA and the supraspinatus muscle developed significant fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy. Shoulder function correlated with glenohumeral joint OA/rotator cuff muscle severity, weight loss, and fatty infiltration. CONCLUSION: In mice, glenohumeral joint OA can lead to rotator cuff degeneration and inferior limb function. The small animal model could be a powerful tool to further study the potential mechanisms between glenohumeral OA and rotator cuff muscle degeneration.

A highly active Z-scheme SnS/Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst fabricated for methylene blue degradation.

Herein, a highly active Z-scheme SnS/Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst is fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal route. The structure, composition, photoelectric and photocatalytic properties of the as-prepared photocatalysts are systematically researched. The results demonstrate that SZS-6 displays a good photocatalytic performance with an efficiency of 94.5% to degrade methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). And its degradation rate constant is up to 0.0331 min-1, which is 3.9 and 4.4 times faster than SnS and Zn2SnO4, respectively. The formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction facilitates the separation and transfer of charges, which improves the degradation of MB. The Z-scheme charge transfer pathway of the SnS/Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst is verified by the shifted peaks of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum, the relative position of the bandgap, work function as well as free radical trapping experiments. The photocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of MB by SnS/Zn2SnO4 is proposed.

Correction: A highly active Z-scheme SnS/Zn2SnO4 photocatalyst fabricated for methylene blue degradation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA05519H.].

Human bocavirus 1 is a genuine pathogen for acute respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients determined by nucleic acid, antigen, and serology tests.

Background: Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), first discovered in 2005, was positive in symptomatic and healthy children and co-detected with other respiratory viruses. It is a long journey to decisively demonstrate the unique viral pathogenic function of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in pediatric patients. Methods: Respiratory specimens collected from pediatric patients with ARTI from January 2017 to December 2021 were screened by a capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) assay, then genotyped by PCR and sequencing for HBoV1. For the antigen test, a part of HBoV1 DNA positive nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) was used as an antigen, while a rabbit anti-HBoV1 DR2 specific to HBoV1 was used as an antibody in the indirect-immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Finally, the levels of IgG specific to HBoV1 in acute and convalescent sera selected retrospectively from only HBoV1 DNA-positive patients were evaluated by IFA. Results: Among 9,899 specimens, 681 were positive for HBoV1 DNA (6.88%, 681/9899), which included 336 positives only for HBoV1 (49.34%, 336/681) and 345 (50.66%, 345/681) positives also for other pathogens. In the antigen test, there were 37 among 47 NPAs determined as HBoV1 antigen-positive (78.72%, 37/47), including 18 (48.65%, 18/37) positives solely for HBoV1 DNA. Among 4 pediatric patients with both acute and convalescent sera, there was one positive for HBoV1 antigen (D8873) and 2 lack the antigen results (D1474 and D10792), which showed seroconversion with a ≥ 4-fold increase in IgG levels. Conclusions: The combination results of nucleic acid, antigen, and serology tests answered that HBoV1 is a genuine pathogen for ARTI in pediatric patients.

Bimetallic Pt-Ni Nanoparticles Confined in Porous Titanium Oxide Cage for Hydrogen Generation from NaBH4 Hydrolysis.

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4), with a high theoretical hydrogen content (10.8 wt%) and safe characteristics, has been widely employed to produce hydrogen based on hydrolysis reactions. In this work, a porous titanium oxide cage (PTOC) has been synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using NH2-MIL-125 as the template and L-alanine as the coordination agent. Due to the evenly distributed PtNi alloy particles with more catalytically active sites, and the synergistic effect between the PTOC and PtNi alloy particles, the PtNi/PTOC catalyst presents a high hydrogen generation rate (10,164.3 mL∙min-1∙g-1) and low activation energy (28.7 kJ∙mol-1). Furthermore, the robust porous structure of PTOC effectively suppresses the agglomeration issue; thus, the PtNi/PTOC catalyst retains 87.8% of the initial catalytic activity after eight cycles. These results indicate that the PtNi/PTOC catalyst has broad applications for the hydrolysis of borohydride.

Effect of the Notch1-mediated PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway in human osteosarcoma.

PURPOSE: Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumours in early adolescence. The incidence rate of osteosarcoma has stagnated over the past 30 years, highlighting the need to develop novel therapies. In osteosarcoma cells, Notch1 expression is absent, and the Notch1 pathway is related to cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy. Our study aimed to investigate the role of Notch1 in osteosarcoma development. METHODS: We measured NICD1 expression induced by doxycycline treatment at various concentrations. The viability of human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) induced by doxycycline was measured. Flow cytometry and cell apoptosis analysis were conducted to measure the effect of Notch1 on the cell cycle of human osteosarcoma cells. We also used a GFP-LC3 plasmid to detect Notch1-induced autophagy in MG-63 cells. Western blotting was conducted to analyse expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway through Notch1 induction by doxycycline. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrated that Notch1 activation by doxycycline potently suppressed cell proliferation by inducing S phase arrest in osteosarcoma cells. Doxycycline-induced Notch1 activation also induced apoptosis and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, we found that Notch1 inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling to induce apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSION: In summary, our results revealed that Notch1 activation by doxycycline induces S phase arrest, apoptosis and autophagy by blocking PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in human osteosarcoma cells. Notch1 may be a potential clinical antitumour target for osteosarcoma therapy.

Constructing defect-related subband in silver indium sulfide QDs via pH-dependent oriented aggregation for boosting photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

Surface engineering of quantum dots (QDs) plays critical roles in tailoring carriers' dynamics of I-III-VI QDs via the interplay of QDs in aggregates or assembly, thus influencing their photocatalytic activities. In this work, an aqueous synthesis and the followed pH tuned oriented assembly method are developed to prepare network-like aggregates, dispersion, or sheet-like assembly of GSH-capped Silver Indium Sulfide (AIS). FTIR, DLS, and HRTEM investigation revealed that surface protonation or deprotonation of QDs occurred at pH < 6 or pH > 12 favors the formation of network-like aggregates with various defects or sheet-like assembly with perfect crystal lattice, respectively, via the surface charge induced interaction among AIS QDs. Further UV-vis, steady and transient PL investigation confirm the narrowed band gaps and the prolonged PL lifetime of the acidic network-like aggregates. As a result, the optimized network-like aggregates (3.0-AIS) exhibits superior photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE) rates (5.2 mmol·g-1·h-1), about 113 times that of alkaline sheet-like assembly (13.0-AIS) or 2.7 times higher than that of dispersed AIS QDs (AIS-8.0). The formation of defects and their roles in PHE mechanisms are discussed. This work is expected to give some new insight for designing efficient non-cadmium/non-novel metal I-III-VI photocatalysts for boosting PHE.

Aqueous synthesis of composition-tuned defects in CuInSe2 nanocrystals for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution.

The composition and defect tolerance of CuInSe2 (CISe) quantum dots (QDs) provide a scaffold to design defects via tailoring the elemental ratio or distributions for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution (PHE). Herein, a ligand-assisted two-step aqueous method was developed to prepare defect CISe quantum dots for the first time. UV-vis, XPS, HRTEM, and HADDF investigations confirmed the typical double-absorption edges of copper vacancy defects and indium substituted at copper site defects in the structure constructed through initial synthesis tuned by Cu/In ratio and the ensued coarsening. The steady-transient PL suggested that the D-A recombination with prolonged PL lifetime dominated the emission of composition-optimized CuInSe2 with the Cu/In ratio of 1/4 (CISe-1/4). Further transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy investigations demonstrated that surface defects in the structure favor the carriers' separation/transportation. The CISe-1/4 exhibited a superior PHE rate of 722 µmol g-1 h-1, about 23 times higher than that of the initially synthesized CISe-1/4 nucleus (31 µmol g-1 h-1), with a maximum apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 1.3%. The analysis of energy levels and the coulombic interaction energy of electron-hole (J e/h) based on Raman, extending UV-vis spectra investigations suggested that surface defects resulted in decreased J e/h of CISe-1/4, favoring the enhanced PHE of this structure. This work is expected to provide a reference for designing effective non-noble metal I-III-VI photocatalysts.

Stability and anion diffusion kinetics of Yttria-stabilized zirconia resolved from machine learning global potential energy surface exploration.

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is an important material with wide industrial applications particularly for its good conductivity in oxygen anion transportation. The conductivity is known to be sensitive to Y concentration: 8 mol. % YSZ (8YSZ) achieves the best performance, which, however, degrades remarkably under ∼1000 °C working conditions. Here, using the recently developed SSW-NN method, stochastic surface walking global optimization based on global neural network potential (G-NN), we establish the first ternary Y-Zr-O G-NN potential by fitting 28 803 first principles dataset screened from more than 107 global potential energy surface (PES) data and explore exhaustively the global PES of YSZ at different Y concentrations. Rich information on the thermodynamics and the anion diffusion kinetics of YSZ is, thus, gleaned, which helps resolve the long-standing puzzles on the stability and conductivity of the 8YSZ. We demonstrate that (i) 8YSZ is the cubic phase YSZ with the lowest possible Y concentrations. It is thermodynamically unstable, tending to segregate into the monoclinic phase of 6.7YSZ and the cubic phase of 20YSZ. (ii) The O anion diffusion in YSZ is mediated by O vacancy sites and moves along the ⟨100⟩ direction. In 8YSZ and 10YSZ, despite different Y concentrations, their anion diffusion barriers are similar, ∼ 1 eV, but in 8YSZ, the O diffusion distance is much longer due to the lack of O vacancy aggregation along the ⟨112⟩ direction. Our results illustrate the power of G-NN potential in solving challenging problems in material science, especially those requiring a deep knowledge on the complex PES.

Cancer Therapy Based on Smart Drug Delivery with Advanced Nanoparticles.

BACKGROUND: Cancer, as one of the most dangerous disease, causes millions of deaths every year. The main reason is the absence of an effective and thorough treatment. Drug delivery systems have significantly reduced the side-effect of chemotherapy. Combined with nanotechnology, smart drug delivery systems including many different nanoparticles can reduce the side-effect of chemotherapy better than traditional drug delivery systems. METHODS: In this article, we will describe in detail the different kinds of nanoparticles and their mechanisms emphasizing the triggering factors in drug delivery. Besides, the application of smart drug delivery systems in imaging will be introduced. RESULTS: Combined with nanotechnology, smart drug delivery systems including many different nanoparticles can reduce the side-effect of chemotherapy better than traditional drug delivery systems. CONCLUSION: Despite considerable progress in nanoparticle research over the past decade, such as smart drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer, molecular imaging probes and the like. The range of nanoparticles used in multifunction systems for imaging and drug delivery continues to grow and we expect this dilatation to continue. But to make nanoparticles truly a series of clinical products to complement and replace current tools, constant exploration efforts and time are required. Overall, the future looks really bright.

MicroRNA-211/BDNF axis regulates LPS-induced proliferation of normal human astrocyte through PI3K/AKT pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) makes a major contribution to disability and deaths worldwide. Reactive astrogliosis, a typical feature after SCI, which undergoes varying molecular and morphological changes, is ubiquitous but poorly understood. Reactive astrogliosis contributes to glial scar formation that impedes axonal regeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a well-established neurotrophic factor, exerts neuroprotective and growth-promoting effects on a variety of neuronal populations after injury. In the present study, by using LPS-induced in vitro injury model of astroglial cultures, we observed a high expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and BDNF in LPS-stimulated normal human astrocytes (NHAs). BDNF significantly promoted NHA proliferation. Further, online tools were employed to screen the candidate miRNAs which might directly target BDNF to inhibit its expression. Amongst the candidate miRNAs, miR-211 expression was down-regulated by LPS stimulation in a dose-dependent manner. Through direct targetting, miR-211 inhibited BDNF expression. Ectopic miR-211 expression significantly suppressed NHA proliferation, as well as LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. In contrast, inhibition of miR-211 expression significantly promoted NHA proliferation and LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Taken together, miR-211/BDNF axis regulates LPS-induced NHA proliferation through PI3K/AKT pathway; miR-211/BDNF might serve as a promising target in the strategy against reactive astrocyte proliferation after SCI.

miR-24 represses metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting Ack1 via AKT/MMPs pathway.

The expression levels of the protein tyrosine kinase Ack1 has been reported to be dysregulated in various cancers and involve in oncogenesis and progression. However, the expression and role of Ack1 in osteosarcoma remains unknown. In this study, we found that Ack1 were evidently upregulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. In addition, the clinical data showed that high expression level of Ack1 is closely associated with clinical stage and positive distant metastasis, and negatively correlated with overall survival. Then, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay indicated Ack1 as a direct target of miR-24, and Ack1 could be downregulated by miR-24 at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. Moreover, Ack1 expression levels were inversely correlated with that of miR-24 in osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, functional assay showed that miR-24 significantly suppressed osteosarcoma progression partially mediated by inhibiting Ack1 expression. Finally, western bolt assay revealed that miR-24 regulate AKT/MMPs pathway via Ack1 in osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the suppression of miR-24 on osteosarcoma metastasis by targeting Ack1 via AKT/MMPs pathways, providing a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma patients.

Hydrogen-rich saline injection into the subarachnoid cavity within 2 weeks promotes recovery after acute spinal cord injury.

Hydrogen can relieve tissue-damaging oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Injection of hydrogen-rich saline is an effective method for transporting molecular hydrogen. We hypothesized that hydrogen-rich saline would promote the repair of spinal cord injury induced by Allen's method in rats. At 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after injury, then once daily for 2 weeks, 0.25 mL/kg hydrogen-rich saline was infused into the subarachnoid space through a catheter. Results at 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after injury showed that hydrogen-rich saline markedly reduced cell death, inflammatory cell infiltration, serum malondialdehyde content, and caspase-3 immunoreactivity, elevated serum superoxide dismutase activity and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactivity, and improved motor function in the hindlimb. The present study confirms that hydrogen-rich saline injected within 2 weeks of injury effectively contributes to the repair of spinal cord injury in the acute stage.

microRNA-143 is associated with the survival of ALDH1+CD133+ osteosarcoma cells and the chemoresistance of osteosarcoma.

This study investigated the role of miR-143 in the chemoresistance of osteosarcoma tumor cells and the associated mechanisms. Real-time PCR was used to measure miR-143 levels. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay and Matrigel colony formation assay. Forced miR-143 expression was established by adenoviral vector infection. Cell death was detected by Hoechst33342 staining. Loss of miR-143 expression was observed in osteosarcomas, which correlated with shorter survival of patients with osteosarcomas underlying chemotherapy. In chemoresistant SAOS-2 and U2OS osteosarcomas cells, miR-143 levels were significantly downregulated and accompanied by increases in ATG2B, Bcl-2, and/or LC3-II protein levels, high rate of ALDH1(+)CD133(+) cells, and an increase in Matrigel colony formation ability. H2O2 upregulated p53 and miR-143, but downregulated ATG2B, Bcl-2, and LC3-I expression in U2OS cells (wild-type p53) but not in SAOS-2 (p53-null) cells. Forced miR-143 expression significantly reversed chemoresistance as well as downregulation of ATG2B, LC3-I, and Bcl-2 expression in SAOS-2- and U2OS-resistant cells. Forced miR-143 expression significantly inhibited tumor growth in xenograft SAOS-2-Dox and U2OS-Dox animal models. Loss of miR-143 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma underlying chemotherapy. The chemoresistance of osteosarcoma tumor cells to doxorubicin is associated with the downregulation of miR-143 expression, activation of ALDH1(+)CD133(+) cells, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of cell death. miR-143 may play a crucial role in the chemoresistance of osterosarcoma tumors.

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) of anterior ring fracture combined with pubic symphysis separation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of open reduction and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) for anterior ring fracture combined with pubic symphysis separation and to explore the operative techniques and therapeutic efficacy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) to treat anterior ring fracture combined with pubic symphysis separation. RESULTS: During postoperative follow-up, all patients recovered well, with no fat liquefaction, infection, femoral nerve or iliac blood vessels injury, deep vein thrombosis, heterotopic ossification, or any and other complications. CONCLUSIONS: The MIS or MIPPO for anterior ring fracture combined with pubic symphysis separation has the advantages of short operation time and less blood loss. This clinical operation is safe and feasible, with therapeutic efficacy.