Chlorogenic acid protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by inhibiting Lnc Neat1/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.

Increasing evidences demonstrate that chlorogenic acid (CGA), a polyphenol with multiple effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation, protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) in vitro and in vivo. But its detailed cardiac protection mechanism is still unclear. The MIRI mice model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch (LAD) of the left coronary artery in C57BL/6 mice. Sixty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups. CGA group and CGA + I/R group (each group n = 15) were gavaged with 30 mg/kg/day CGA for 4 weeks. Sham group and I/R group mice (each group n = 15) were administered equal volumes of saline. In vitro MIRI model was constructed by hypoxia and reoxygenation of HL-1 cardiomyocytes. The results showed that CGA pretreatment reduced myocardial infarction size and cTnT contents in serum, simultaneously reduced the levels of Lnc Neat1 expression and attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in myocardial tissue. Consistent with in vivo results, the pretreatment of 0.2 µM and 2 µM CGA for 12 h in HL-1 cardiomyocytes depressed hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Lnc Neat1 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. Lnc Neat1 shRNA transfection mediated by lentivirus in HL-1 cardiomyocytes significantly reduced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that CGA protects against MIRI by depressing Lnc Neat1 expression and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyrotosis. Inhibiting the levels of Lnc Neat1 expression may be a therapeutic strategy for MIRI.

A Novel Method for Online Extraction of Small-Angle Scattering Pulse Signals from Particles Based on Variable Forgetting Factor RLS Algorithm.

The small-angle optical particle counter (OPC) can detect particles with strong light absorption. At the same time, it can ignore the properties of the detected particles and detect the particle size singly and more accurately. Reasonably improving the resolution of the low pulse signal of fine particles is key to improving the detection accuracy of the small-angle OPC. In this paper, a new adaptive filtering method for the small-angle scattering signals of particles is proposed based on the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. By analyzing the characteristics of the small-angle scattering signals, a variable forgetting factor (VFF) strategy is introduced to optimize the forgetting factor in the traditional RLS algorithm. It can distinguish the scattering signal from the stray light signal and dynamically adapt to the change in pulse amplitude according to different light absorptions and different particle sizes. To verify the filtering effect, small-angle scattering pulse extraction experiments were carried out in a simulated smoke box with different particle properties. The experiments show that the proposed VFF-RLS algorithm can effectively suppress system stray light and background noise. When the particle detection signal appears, the algorithm has fast convergence and tracking speed and highlights the particle pulse signal well. Compared with that of the traditional scattering pulse extraction method, the resolution of the processed scattering pulse signal of particles is greatly improved, and the extraction of weak particle scattering pulses at a small angle has a greater advantage. Finally, the effect of filter order in the algorithm on the results of extracting scattering pulses is discussed.

Small-Angle Particle Counting Coupled Photometry for Real-Time Detection of Respirable Particle Size Segmentation Mass Concentration.

Respirable particulate matter air pollution is positively associated with SARS-CoV-2 mortality. Real-time and accurate monitoring of particle concentration changes is the first step to prevent and control air pollution from inhalable particles. In this research, a new light scattering instrument has been developed to detect the mass concentration of inhalable particles. This instrument couples the forward small-angle single particle counting method with the lateral group particle photometry method in a single device. The mass concentration of four sizes of inhalable particles in the environment can be detected simultaneously in a large area in real-time without using a particle impactor. Different from the traditional light scattering instrument, this new optical instrument can detect darker particles with strong light absorption, and the measurement results mainly depend on the particle size and ignore the properties of the particles. Comparative experiments have shown that the instrument can detect particles with different properties by simply calibrating the environmental density parameters, and the measurement results have good stability and accuracy.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid using ionic liquid solution from Rosmarinus officinalis.

Ionic liquid based, ultrasound-assisted extraction was successfully applied to the extraction of phenolcarboxylic acids, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, from Rosmarinus officinalis. Eight ionic liquids, with different cations and anions, were investigated in this work and [C(8)mim]Br was selected as the optimal solvent. Ultrasound extraction parameters, including soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasound power and time, and the number of extraction cycles, were discussed by single factor experiments and the main influence factors were optimized by response surface methodology. The proposed approach was demonstrated as having higher efficiency, shorter extraction time and as a new alternative for the extraction of carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid from R. officinalis compared with traditional reference extraction methods. Ionic liquids are considered to be green solvents, in the ultrasound-assisted extraction of key chemicals from medicinal plants, and show great potential.

Application of ionic liquids based microwave-assisted simultaneous extraction of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis.

An ionic liquid based microwave-assisted simultaneous extraction and distillation (ILMSED) method has been developed for the effective extraction of carnosic acid (CA), rosmarinic acid (RA) and essential oil (EO) from Rosmarinus officinalis. A series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids differing in composition of anion and cation were evaluated for extraction yield in this work. The results obtained indicated that the anions and cations of ionic liquids had influences on the extraction of CA and RA, 1.0M 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) solution was selected as solvent. In addition, the ILMSED procedures for the three target ingredients were optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. ILMSED gave the best result due to the highest extraction yield within the shortest extraction time for CA and RA. The novel process developed offered advantages in term of yield and selectivity of EO and shorter isolation time (20 min in comparison of 4h of hydrodistillation), and provides a more valuable EO (with high amount of oxygenated compounds). The microstructures and chemical structures of rosemary samples before and after extraction were also investigated. Moreover, the proposed method was validated by the stability, repeatability and recovery experiments. The results indicated that the developed ILMSED method provided a good alternative for the both extraction of non-volatile compounds (CA and RA) and EO from rosemary as well as other herbs.

Study on ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill.

The ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction (ILUAE) has been successfully applied in extracting four biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. Seventeen different types of ionic liquids with different cations and anions have been investigated. 0.8 M 1-lauryl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C12mim]Br) solution was selected as solvent. In addition, the ultrasonic parameters including ultrasonic power, time for ultrasonic treatment and solid-liquid ratio have been optimized by Response Surface Method (RSM). Compared with the conventional solvent extraction, the efficiency of the approach proposed in this work is about 3.5 times as much as that of the conventional solvent extraction method. With the proposed extraction method, the extraction time has been reduced to 30 min, whereas the conventional extraction method requires about 6.0 h. The experimental results presented in this work indicate that the ILUAE is a simple and efficient technique for sample preparation. The proposed method is reproducible.

Clinical observation on physiological and psychological effects of Eight-Section Brocade on type 2 diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the physiological and psychological changing of type 2 diabetic patients after practicing Eight-Section Brocade, to evaluate the clinical curative effect, and to provide a safe and effective self-regulating method for type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: This study is a random controlled trial, the 54 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly assigned into the intervention and the control group. The intervention group was given a 2-month period of Eight-Section Brocade practice, then a comparison between groups was made. The intervention group continued to do Eight-Section Brocade practice for 2 months, so it was 4 months' intervention all together for this group, and then a comparison within the intervention group was made. RESULTS: There was significant difference 4 months later on HbA1c in the intervention group (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between the intervention and control groups on obsessive-compulsive, depression, anxiety and hostility scores after 2 months' practice (P < 0.05). There was significant difference between 2 and 4 months' practice on hostilities scores within the intervention group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine, Eight-section Brocade has physiological and psychological effects on type 2 Diabetic Patients.