Lipid concomitant γ-oryzanol decreased oil absorbency of French fries by changing the microstructure of French fries and physical properties of frying oil.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant γ-oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of γ-oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied. RESULTS: Our results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of γ-oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of γ-oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Dynamic lipid profile of hyperlipidemia mice.

Biomarkers of serum fatty acids in hyperlipidemia need to be elucidated. 90 SPF KM male mice were randomly divided into 18 groups (n=5/group), control groups, and high fat diet (HFD) groups at 9 time points. On day 7, 10, 15, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, and 35, the mice were sacrificed; blood was collected into tubes from the eyes, serum samples for clinical biochemistry assays and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy were attained after centrifugation, and the contents of serum fatty acids were detected with GC-MS. Sections of livers were taken and stored in formalin solution for histological assessments. No species differences existed in all these groups. The contents of C16:1, C18:1, C22:6 were significantly different between HFD groups and the corresponding controls; meanwhile, the proportion of fatty acids, especially the monounsaturated degree, the polyunsaturated degree, changed significantly and regularly (P<0.05). Thus the three unsaturated fatty acids C16:1, C18:1, C22:6 and the monounsaturated/polyunsaturated unsaturated degrees may be as potential biomarkers of hyperlipidemia.

Magnesia-zirconia based mimetic biomembrane chromatography for predicting human drug absorption.

In this paper, a novel mimetic biomembrane chromatography stationary phase of magnesia-zirconia composite matrix were prepared with the Lewis acid-base interaction between phosphatidylcholine's residue phosphonate group and Lewis acid sites of magnesia-zirconia composite; the retention factors of a chemically diverse set of drugs on the new stationary phase were determined; the drugs logK(mbm) values were correlationed with the absorbed fraction of drugs orally administered in humans (%F(a)) and a hyperbolic relationship was obtained. Meanwhile, the relationship between the logK(mbm) values and hydrophobic parameters (logP(oct) and logD(oct)) were discussed. The usefulness of the new column for predicting oral drug absorption in humans is demonstrated by comparing this model with IAM, ILC and BMC models. Results show that the logK(mbm) values have good relationship with logK(W)(IAM), logK(BMC) and have moderate to fair relationship with logK(s) determined on four different ILC column (EPL, PC, PC-PE, PC-PS). Therefore, the logK(mbm) values can provide key information about the transport properties of drugs and this chromatographic model may be applicable for prediction of drug uptake through epithelial cell membranes during the drug discovery process.

A new process for preparation of soybean protein concentrate with hexane-aqueous ethanol mixed solvents.

A new process for the preparation of soybean protein concentrate (SPC) by directly extracting full-fat soy flour with a mixture of hexane and aqueous ethanol was established. Compared with conventional methods, it has some advantages, such as saving energy and reducing protein denaturation caused by heat action during solvent recovery, because this process saves one step of solvent recovery. The effects of aqueous ethanol concentration and the mixure ratio (hexane to ethanol) on the degree of protein denaturation and product quality were investigated, on the basis of which the orthogonal tests were performed. The optimum technical parameters were obtained by analyzing the results of the orthogonal tests with statistical methods. We found that SPC can be obtained by extracting full-fat soy flour under the following conditions: mixture ratio hexane: 90% ethanol, 9:1, v/v; extraction temperature, 45 degrees C; ratio of solid to solvents, (1:2 w/v); and 5 repeated extractions (15 min each time). The results of quality analysis showed that solubility of the product was improved significantly [nitrogen solubility index (NSI) 46.6%] compared with that for ethanol washing of protein concentrate (NSI 8.7%).

Optimization of parameters of high-performance displacement chromatography for separation of soybean phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.

Hundred milligrams of soybean phospholipids were successfully separated by using high-performance displacement chromatography (HPDC) on a 150mm x 4.6mm analytical silica column (3-5 microm packings) with dichloromethane-methanol (9:1, v/v) as carrier and ethanolamine as displacer. From the viewpoint of preparative separation, the effects of loading amount, concentration and flow-rate of displacer on separation efficiency were investigated using throughput and recovery as indices. The parameters were optimized by orthogonal test design and statistical analysis method. Under the optimum conditions, namely displacer concentration being 167 mM, the flow-rate of displacer at 0.2 ml/min and concentration of sample being 211 mg/ml (factual loading amount 211 mg/ml x 0.7 ml = 148 mg), the purity, throughput and recovery of obtained soybean phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were 80.2%, 65.7 mg/h, 70.9% and 90.5%, 272.6 mg/h, 88.3%, respectively. In addition, selections of regenerant and appropriate regeneration condition were also studied.

Study on interaction between drug and membrane by using liposome coated zirconia-magnesia chromatography.

The interactions between drug molecules and membrane were studied using the new chromatography stationary phase of liposome coated zirconia-magnesia. logK(s)(ZrO(2)-MgO) on this new chromatography for some drugs, compared with that on liposome coated silica chromatography and other reported data, fair correlations were observed between them when excluding effect of special adsorption. logK(s)(ZrO(2)-MgO) values for barbitalum, diazepam, benzene, benzocaine and toluene correlated well with corresponding values on liposome coated silica chromatography (R=0.99778, P<0.001; R=0.98229, P<0.003; R=0.9985, P<0.0001; R=0.99925, P<0.0001, pH value of mobile phase at pH 7.4, 7.0, 6.4 and 5.4, respectively). They also correlated well with the literature data on immobilized artificial membrane chromatography (R=0.99999, P<0.004 at pH 7.4) and liposome chromatography (R=0.99994, P<0.008) for procaine, lidocaine and bupivacaine. Liposome coated zirconia-magnesia chromatography can thus be used for studying drug-membrane interaction and prediction of drug absorption as another liposome chromatography method.

Separation of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by using high-performance displacement chromatography.

A binary mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was successfully separated by high-performance displacement chromatography (HPDC) on an 150 mm x 4.6 mm analytical silica column (3-5 microm packing), using dichloromethane-methanol (9:1, v/v) as carrier and ethanolamine as displacer. The effects of displacer concentration, flow-rate, loading amount and the composition of the sample on separation efficiency were studied. Eighty-four milligrams sample (PE:PC 1:1.16) was separated perfectly by using 83 mM ethanolamine (in carrier) as displacer at the flow-rate of 0.1 ml/min. The yields of the pure PE and PC (100% purity) were 94.8% and 87.9%, respectively and the cycle time for a single separation was about 195 min. It was valuable that the optimum loading amount (the allowed maximum of sample loading) was investigated only by using the sample to be simulated the composition of the separated actual one, because the separation efficiency was significantly affected by the composition of the sample. For the same loading amount of 175 mg, the yields of the pure PE and PC were improved greatly from 31.4 and 16.9 to 56.0 and 77.6%, respectively, when the proportion of PE to PC was adjusted from 1:1.16 to 1:4. Furthermore, the separation of PE and PC in an actual sample (soybean phospholipids) was achieved using the proposed HPDC method.